IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF A NEW MANET ROUTING PROTOCOL IN NS-2

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be defined as a collection of large number ofmobile nodes that form temporary network without aid of any existing network infrastructure or central access point. The Efficient routing protocols can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc networks, in terms of both performance and reliability. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far. The main method for evaluating the performance of MANETs is simulation.The Network Simulator is a discrete event driven simulator. The goal of ns-2 is to support networking ,research, and education. In this paper we create a new Routing Protocol called MyRouter step by step in Ns-2.Then we evaluate its performance based on several parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio , End to End Delay etc and compare it with MANET routing protocol OLS

Intelligent optimization of Circuit placement on FPGA

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have revolutionized the way digital systems are designed and built over the past decade. With architectures capable of holding tens of millions of logic gates on the horizon and planned integration of configurable logic into system-on-chip platforms, the versatility of programmable devices expected to increase dramatically. Placement is one of the vital steps in mapping a design into FPGA in order to take best advantage of the resources and flexibility provided by it. Here, we propose to test techniques of Placement Optimization on MCNC Benchmark circuits. PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) has been implemented on circuit netlist with bounding box as cost function. Alternate cost functions were also employed to verify efficiency of optimization. Furthermore, lazy descent was introduced into the algorithm to impede premature convergence. Different values of acceleration and weighing factors were used in the implementation and corresponding convergence results were analyzed. Keywords- FPGA Placement; Particle Swarm Optimization; MCNC Benchmarks Circuits; Bounding Box driven Placement

Study of Speaker Recognition Systems

Speaker Recognition is the computing task of validating a user’s claimed identity using characteristics extracted from their voices. This technique is one of the most useful and popular biometric recognition techniques in the world especially related to areas in which security is a major concern. It can be used for authentication, surveillance, forensic speaker recognition and a number of related activities. Speaker recognition can be classified into identification and verification. Speaker identification is the process of determining which registered speaker provides a given utterance. Speaker verification, on the other hand, is the process of accepting or rejecting the identity claim of a speaker. The process of Speaker recognition consists of 2 modules namely: - feature extraction and feature matching. Feature extraction is the process in which we extract a small amount of data from the voice signal that can later be used to represent each speaker. Feature matching involves identification of the unknown speaker by comparing the extracted features from his/her voice input with the ones from a set of known speakers. Our proposed work consists of truncating a recorded voice signal, framing it, passing it through a window function, calculating the Short Term FFT, extracting its features and matching it with a stored template. Cepstral Coefficient Calculation and Mel frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are applied for feature extraction purpose. VQLBG (Vector Quantization via Linde-Buzo-Gray), DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) and GMM (Gaussian Mixture Modelling) algorithms are used for generating template and feature matching purpose

Simulation Models for Spark Ignition Engine: A Comparative Performance Study

AbstractA single-zone zero-dimensional model for any hydrocarbon fuel based on Wiebe heat release function has been implemented in Simulink to test the performance of spark ignition engine. Annand's model for convective heat losses is taken for modeling of engine cycle. The Simulink results are validated with experimental results from literature. The peak pressure during combustion drops with decrease in intake pressure which is similar to the experimental trend. With increase in speed from 1000rpm to 4000rpm, the brake thermal efficiency drops from 25% to 17% while the indicated efficiency is seen to be almost constant (32%). Two dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic model using FLUENT of experimental test engine is prepared for axi- symmetric flow in the combustion chamber. It is a setup for closed cycle simulation that can predict pressure, mass burn fraction. CFD Simulation is carried out on an experimental engine set up at rated rpm of engine (1.8 HP @3600rpm). The CFD results with the validated Simulink model for this engine configuration shows that at low speeds (1000rpm), the maximum cylinder pressure prediction is about 8% higher for CFD analysis while this deviation is seen to be about 3% at higher speed (3600rpm). The Simulink model is subsequently used to test the predications of brake power and subsequently compared with the experimental results and CFD studies. Both the predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results

Farmer Interest Groups: Paving Its Path Towards Profitability

The current study entailed to ascertain the role that Farmers' Interest Groups played in knowledge transfer as well as in increasing agricultural production, productivity, and in turn leading to profitability for the farm sector in the Boudh district of Odisha. For the impact assessment, six FIGs from a range of villages in the Boudh district, including Baghiapada, Saleising, and Palijhar, were randomly selected. The results of this study depicted that member of Farmer Interest Groups adopted scientific agricultural practices and goatery technologies at a greater mean rate (80.63 MPS and 79.63 MPS, respectively) than non-members (59.12 MPS and 60.12 MPS). The aggregate differences in the adoption of crop and goatery farming technology between FIG members and non-members were calculated to be 21.5 and 19.5 MPS, respectively. It was also found that the crop and goatery production under FIG produced a higher yield than the agricultural practices now employed by farmers. The members became more active in meetings and the adoption of new and scientific farm and goatery technology after learning about the benefits of the FIGs. In addition to enhancing agriculture and animal production, this will also benefit the socioeconomic conditions of the farming community

Farmer Interest Groups: Paving Its Path Towards Profitability

The current study entailed to ascertain the role that Farmers' Interest Groups played in knowledge transfer as well as in increasing agricultural production, productivity, and in turn leading to profitability for the farm sector in the Boudh district of Odisha. For the impact assessment, six FIGs from a range of villages in the Boudh district, including Baghiapada, Saleising, and Palijhar, were randomly selected. The results of this study depicted that member of Farmer Interest Groups adopted scientific agricultural practices and goatery technologies at a greater mean rate (80.63 MPS and 79.63 MPS, respectively) than non-members (59.12 MPS and 60.12 MPS). The aggregate differences in the adoption of crop and goatery farming technology between FIG members and non-members were calculated to be 21.5 and 19.5 MPS, respectively. It was also found that the crop and goatery production under FIG produced a higher yield than the agricultural practices now employed by farmers.  The members became more active in meetings and the adoption of new and scientific farm and goatery technology after learning about the benefits of the FIGs. In addition to enhancing agriculture and animal production, this will also benefit the socioeconomic conditions of the farming community