An Energy-Efficient Proactive Routing Scheme for MANET: Game Theoretical Approach of Forwarding with Selfish Nodes

In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, nodes exchange packets with each other using intermediate nodes as relays. Since nodes in MANETs are battery powered, energy conservation is a crucial issue. Accepting relay all request may not be in the best interest of a node. But if many nodes prefer not to consume energy in relaying packets on behalf of others, the overall performance of routing in network will be influenced. In this paper we address the energy-efficient routing problem in MANETs with selfish nodes. We modeled this problem as a game-theoretic constraint optimization; we defined the utility of each node as a weighted difference between a performance metric and some transmission costs. A motivate mechanism is proposed in order to induce nodes to forwarding cooperation. Each node independently implements the optimal equilibrium strategy under the given constraints. Simulation results by NS3 simulator show that our proposed approach can improve system performance in network lifetime and packet delivery ratio

A Coalition-Formation Game Model for Energy-Efficient Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Network

One of the most routing problems in Mobile Ad-hoc Network is the node’s selfishness. Nodes are generally selfish and try to maximize their own benefit; hence these nodes refuse to forward packet on behalf of others to preserve their limited energy resources. This selfishness may lead to a low efficiency of routing. Therefore, it is important to study mechanisms which can be used encourage cooperation among nodes, to maintain the network efficiency. In this paper, we propose a cooperative game theoretic model to support more energy-aware and available bandwidth routing in MANET. We introduce a novel framework from coalitional-formation game theory, called hedonic coalition-formation game. We integrate this model to OLSR protocol that is an optimization over the classical link state protocol for the MANETs. Within each coalition, a coalition coordinator acts as a special MPR node to improve the energy efficient and the packet success rate of the transmission. Simulation results show how the proposed algorithm improve the performance in terms of the percentage of selected MPR nodes in the network, the percentage of alive nodes by time, and the Packet Delivery Ratio. Which prove that our proposed model leads, to better results compared to the classical OLSR

EEPR-OLSR: an Energy Efficient and Path Reliability protocol for proactive MANET routing

Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks has received a lot of attention due to the challenges posed by the self-organizing nature of the network, the dynamic topology, and the unreliable wireless medium. One of the most critical issues for MANETs is how to increase network lifetime, since nodes are typically battery powered. In this paper we consider the proactive MANET protocol OLSR to improve the network lifetime, we propose a novel multiple metric routing scheme for MANET, based on energy efficient and path reliability metrics, integrating it to standard OLSR, named Energy Efficient and Path Reliability OLSR (EEPR-OLSR), in which we investigate cross layer parameters that effect the network lifetime and a prediction-based link availability estimation is introduced. Simulation results, by NS3 simulator, show that the proposed EEPR-OLSR provides significant performance gains in both the network lifetime and packet delivery ration (PDR), compared to the standard OLSR