Pre-assessment of microbiology quality and antibiotic resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus from cockle (Anadaragranosa) in Malaysia.

Introduction Vibrio species has shown one of the most important bacterial diseases in marine cultured organisms, affecting a large number of species of fish and shellfish. Among well known species is Vibrio parahaemolyticus which associated with cockle and reported as one of the important foodborne diseases in developing countries. Objectives The study was conducted to determine the microbiology quality of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in cockles (Anadaragranosa) in Selangor, Perak, Melaka and Negeri Sembilan. Methods A total of 12 cockle samples were purchased from wet market throughout 3 weeks in September 2009. Out of the 12 cockle samples, 120 isolates were randomly produced and tested for microbiology quality of V. parahaemolyticus by growing onto Thiosulphate Bile-Salt Sucrose (TCBS) agar. Tentative colonies of V. parahaemolyticus were then examined for biochemical test and antibiotic resistance patterns towards bacitracin, vancomycin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, amikacin, enrofloxacin and cifrofloxacin. Results The highest mean colony counting value for Vibrio grown onto TCBS agar was from Melaka with 4.19 x 105cfu per gm, followed by Perak (4.15 x 105cfu per gm), Negeri Sembilan (3.72 x 105cfu per gm) and Selangor with 1.58 x 105 cfu per gm. Biochemical tests showed 75 isolates were positive for V. parahaemolyticus with 29.3% (22/30) isolates were from Perak, 26.3% (20/30) isolates were from Selangor, 22.6% (17/30) isolates were from Melaka and 21.2% (16/30) isolates were from Negeri Sembilan. As for antibiotic resistance pattern, all V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant toward one or more antibiotic tested with 100% (75/75) isolates resistant toward bacitracin, 99% (74/75) toward vancomycinand 92% (69/75) toward penicillin. Inspite of this, none of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant toward chloramphenicol, amikacin, enrofloxacin and cifrofloxacin. Conclusion The presence of V. parahaemolyticus in all cockle samples with their antibiotic resistance properties was alarming. More samples should be studied in obtaining an accurate view of microbiology quality and antibiotic resistance of V. parahaemolyticusin cockle samples in Malaysia

Chemical and chemometric methods for halal authentication of gelatin: an overview

The issue of food authenticity has become a concern among religious adherents, particularly Muslims, due to the possible presence of nonhalal ingredients in foods as well as other commercial products. One of the nonhalal ingredients that commonly found in food and pharmaceutical products is gelatin which extracted from porcine source. Bovine and fish gelatin are also becoming the main commercial sources of gelatin. However, unclear information and labeling regarding the actual sources of gelatin in food and pharmaceutical products have become the main concern in halal authenticity issue since porcine consumption is prohibited for Muslims. Hence, numerous analytical methods involving chemical and chemometric analysis have been developed to identify the sources of gelatin. Chemical analysis techniques such as biochemical, chromatography, electrophoretic, and spectroscopic are usually combined with chemometric and mathematical methods such as principal component analysis, cluster, discriminant, and Fourier transform analysis for the gelatin classification. A sample result from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, which combines Fourier transform and spectroscopic technique, is included in this paper. This paper presents an overview of chemical and chemometric methods involved in identification of different types of gelatin, which is important for halal authentication purposes

Volatile Compounds and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Spontaneous Fermented Sourdough

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to identify the predominating lactic acid bacteria (LAB

Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles (Anadara granosa): antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis

Abstrak Daripada 148 sampel kerang (Anadara granosa) dan 433 sampel udang (Paneus indicus) yang dikaji, 27% dan 6.9% masing-masing didapati positif mengandungi Vibrio vulnificus. Sebanyak 29 pencilan daripada kerang dan 21 pencilan daripada udang dikaji untuk kerintangan terhadap antibiotik. Semua pencilan menunjukkan kerintangan kepada satu atau lebih antibiotik yang diuji. Dalam ujian transkonjugasi, tiada kaitan didapati antara plasmid dengan berat molikul yang tinggi (35.8 Mda) yang dikesan di dalam beberapa pencilan, dengan fenotip kerintangan. Ini menunjukkan kerintangan antibiotik adalah berasaskan kromosom. Profil plasmid dan corak kerintangan antibiotik digunakan sebagai pendekatan awal untuk mencirikan, pada tahap pencilan, kesemua pencilan daripada kerang dan udang yang dikaji. Analisis corak kerintangan antibiotik menunjukkan polimorfisma fenotipik yang tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun oleh sebab banyak pencilan yang tidak ada plasmid, teknik ini kurang berguna dalam pencirian. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa pencilan V. vulnificus yang mempunyai kerintangan pelbagai dan mempamerkan variasi genotip dan fenotip, amat mudah diperoleh daripada kerang dan udang. Keadaan ini berpotensi membahayakan kesihatan awam. Abstract Of the 148 cockle (Anadara granosa) and 433 shrimp (Paneus indicus) samples examined, 27% and 6.9% were positive for Vibrio vulnificus, respectively. Twenty-nine and 21 isolates from cockles and shrimps were examined for their antibiotic resistance. All isolates showed resistance to one or more of the antibiotics tested. In transconjugation tests, no relationship was found between the high molecular weight plasmid (35.8 MDa) detected in several isolates and their resistance phenotypes, indicating that their antibiotic resistance is chromosomal. Plasmid profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns were used as a preliminary approach to type, at strain level, the isolates from cockles and shrimps. Analysis by antibiotic resistance patterns showed a high phenotypic polymorphism. However, the high number of isolates devoid of plasmid rendered this technique less useful. These results indicate that multiresistant V. vulnificu

Comparison ofArbitrarily Primed PCR, Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profiling for Differentiating Salmonella enteritidis Isolated from Fish

A total of 28 isolates of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) were investigated through arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprinting using three primers, plasmid profiling and their antibiotic resistance patterns. All 28 isolates carried at least one plasmid ranging in size from 1.4 to 38 megadalton that enabled the S. enteritidis to be grouped into nine plasmid profiles. Isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (21.1%), penicillin (39.3%) and streptomycin (71.4%), and were susceptible to carbenicillin, cephalothin,kanamycin, rifampicin and tetracycline. Seventeen isolates (60.7%) were resistant to a single antibiotic and eleven (39.3%) were resistant to two antibiotics; thus separating the isolates into six antibiotic resistance patterns. The AP-PCR results showed that the collection of isolates were genetically very heterogenous. AP-PCR enabled us to differentiate the isolates into 28 AP-PCR types. Analysis derived from these data in combination (AP-PCR, plasmid profiling and antibiotic resistance patterns) showed that all 28 isolates were distinct and were grouped into 28 individual groups. Our results demonstrate that AP-PCR fingerprinting method is more sensitive than plasmid profiling and antibiotic resistance patterns with respect to the individualization of the isolates used in this study

73 Typing of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from tomato by antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid profiling and PCR-based techniques of RAPD and ERIC (Pentaipan Ralstonia solanacearum yang diasingkan daripada tomato menggunakan kaedah pengaruhan antibiotik,

Abstract The epidemiological characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from tomato plants in Sarawak and Selangor were studied. The epidemiological analysis of the strains was carried out through antibiotic resistant pattern, plasmid profiles, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) methods. Six strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, whereas the 10 strains that were resistant to one or more antibiotics were grouped into six antibiotic resistance patterns. Small single plasmid of 7.2 Mda and 9.2 Mda were detected among the nine plasmid containing strains, enabling them to be grouped into only two plasmid patterns. In the polymerase chain reaction, based methods using RAPD and ERIC, two strains were untypable by RAPD, whereas all were typable by ERIC. In this study, a wide diversity of R. solanacearum strains was examined. ERIC analysis demonstrated the clonal relationship between isolates from tomato plants in Sarawak and Selangor. The existence of similar R. solanacearum strains in tomato plants from two very distant locations should be considered if tomato strain fingerprint results were to be used to help trace the vehicles for transmission