Предоперационное использование прегабалина для предотвращения тошноты и рвоты после лапароскопической холецистэктомии

Background.  Postoperative laparoscopic  cholecystectomy period is often associated  with nausea and vomiting, which is stopped  by an antiemetics injected  intravenously. Meanwhile,  it is known  that  the  oral pregabalin  before surgery  to potentiate the  effect of opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications during anesthesia  also has an antiemetic effect.The objective was to evaluate  the effect of oral pregabalin to reduce the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy  cases.Methods and Materials. Randomized double blind study. One hundred patients of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class1 were tested and divided  into two groups. The first group did not receive any antiemetics preoperatively. The second group received 75 mg of oral pregabalin 30 minutes  before anesthesia.  We followed up patients postoperatively in the recovery room and general surgical ward for 24 hours, recorded  the incidence of nausea and vomiting, prescription of any antiemetics and developing their side effects. We assessed the risk of developing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting by the use of the Koivuranta score.Results. Statistical analysis using SPSS showed a significant  reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting  in the second group (pregabalin) compared with the first group.Conclusion. Preoperative 75 mg of oral pregabalin  has antiemetic effect on postoperative time. No significant  postoperative side effects were noted.Обоснование. После  лапароскопической холецистэктомии часто развивается тошнота  и рвота, которую  купируют  внутривенным введением  противорвотных препаратов.  В то же время  известно,  что прегабалин,  назначаемый перорально  перед  операцией  для потенцирования эффекта  опиоидов  и нестероидных противовоспалительных  средств во время  анестезии,  также обладает  противорвотным действием.Цель: оценить возможность с помощью перорально  назначаемого прегабалина снизить частоту послеоперационной тошноты и рвоты при лапароскопической холецистэктомии.Материалы и методы. Рандомизированное двойное слепое исследование. 100 пациентов I класса по классификации Американского общества анестезиологов были протестированы и разделены на две группы. В 1-й группе никакие противорвотные средства до операции не использовали. Пациенты 2-й группы за 30 минут до начала анестезии получали 75 мг прегабалина перорально. Наблюдение за пациентами после операции осуществляли в послеоперационной палате и в общей хирургической палате в течение 24 часов, фиксируя факт появления тошноты и рвоты, назначения любых противорвотных препаратов  и развивающихся их побочных эффектов. Оценку риска развития частоты послеоперационной тошноты и рвоты проводили  с помощью шкалы Koivuranta.Результаты. Статистический анализ с использованием пакета SPSS показал значительное уменьшение частоты послеоперационной тошноты и рвоты у пациентов 2-й группы (прегабалин) по сравнению с 1-й.Заключение. Предоперационный прием 75 мг прегабалина перорально оказывает противорвотное действие в послеоперационном периоде. Никаких значительных послеоперационных побочных эффектов при этом не отмечено

Оценка боли при применении комбинации фентанил-пропофол: два уровня дозировки

Background. In the field of intravenous anesthesia, propofol is widely utilized as an induction agent. However, Propofol injection pain is a frequent adverse event that may result in discomfort for patients. Various strategies have been investigated to prevent or alleviate this pain, considering the presence of opioid receptors in the primary afferent nerve endings of peripheral tissues, which suggests a potential role of opioids in mitigating propofol-induced pain. Fentanyl, a short-acting pure opioid agonist commonly used for systemic analgesia during intraoperative and postoperative periods, has been found to possess peripherally mediated analgesic properties within its clinical dosage range. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a low dose of fentanyl in the fentanyl-propofol combination for reducing propofol injection pain.The objective of our study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two distinct doses of fentanyl in mitigating the pain associated with propofol injection.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 90 patients classified as ASA I–II who were scheduled for elective surgery. The study spanned over 4 months, from November 2022 to April 2023, and included patients aged 19 to 65 years. Patients were divided into three groups, each comprising 30 patients. The control group received only 5 ml (50 mg) of propofol. The group M1 received only 5 ml of a mixture of fentanyl and propofol, prepared with 20 ml (200 mg) of propofol and 2 ml (100 μg) of fentanyl, while the group M2 received only 5 ml of a mixture of fentanyl and propofol, prepared with 20 ml (200 mg) of propofol and 4 ml (200 μg) of fentanyl, at an injection speed of 0.5 ml/s. After 10 seconds of medication, patients were asked a standard question about the comfort of the injection, and a verbal rating scale (VRS) was used to assess propofol injection pain. Anesthesia induction was then continued following standard protocols. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses.Results. The three groups were found to be similar in terms of patient characteristics. In the control group, the incidence of severe pain upon propofol injection was 46.7%, whereas it was 0% in both groups M1 and M2 (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The combination of fentanyl and propofol has been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of propofol injection pain. Interestingly, in this study, no significant difference was observed between the two different doses of fentanyl used in the mixture. This suggests that a low dose of fentanyl may be sufficient in achieving a pain-free environment during propofol induction, thereby offering a cost-effective approach in clinical practice.Актуальность. Пропофол широко используется в качестве средства для вводной анестезии. Однако частым побочным эффектом является боль при его инъекции, которая может привести к дискомфорту у пациентов. Были исследованы различные стратегии предотвращения или облегчения этой боли, учитывая наличие опиоидных рецепторов в первичных афферентных нервных окончаниях периферических тканей, что позволяет предположить потенциальную роль опиоидов в смягчении боли, вызванной пропофолом. Было обнаружено, что фентанил, чистый опиоидный агонист короткого действия, обычно используемый для системной анальгезии во время интраоперационного и послеоперационного периодов, обладает периферически опосредованными анальгетическими свойствами в пределах его клинической дозировки. Таким образом, задачей данного исследования было оценить эффективность низкой дозы фентанила в комбинации «фентанил–пропофол» для уменьшения боли при инъекции пропофола.Цель – оценить и сравнить эффективность двух различных доз фентанила в облегчении боли, связанной с инъекцией пропофола.Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 90 пациентов, имеющих риск по шкале ASA I–II, которым была назначена плановая операция. Исследование длилось более 4 месяцев с ноября 2022 г. по апрель 2023 г. и включало пациентов в возрасте от 19 до 65 лет. Пациенты были разделены на 3 группы, каждая из которых состояла из 30 пациентов. Контрольная группа получала только 5 мл (50 мг) пропофола. 1 группа получала только 5 мл смеси фентанила и пропофола, приготовленной из 20 мл (200 мг) пропофола и 2 мл (100 мкг) фентанила, в то время как 2 группа получала только 5 мл смеси фентанила и пропофола, приготовленной из 20 мл (200 мг) пропофола и 4 мл (200 мкг) фентанила со скоростью инъекции 0,5 мл/с. После 10 секунд введения препарата пациентам задавали стандартный вопрос о комфортности инъекции и словесную оценочную шкалу (VRS). Результаты. Было установлено, что статистически значимых различий между пациентами этих групп не было, т. е. группы были однородны. В контрольной группе частота возникновения сильной боли при инъекции пропофола составила 46,7%, тогда как в 1 и 2 группах она составила 0% (р < 0,05).Вывод. Было показано, что комбинация фентанила и пропофола эффективно снижает частоту возникновения боли при инъекции пропофола. Интересно, что в этом исследовании не наблюдалось существенной разницы между 2 различными дозами фентанила, использованными в смеси. Это говорит о том, что низкой дозы фентанила может быть достаточно для купирования боли во время введения пропофола, тем самым предлагая экономически эффективный подход в клинической практике

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ZILEUTON AND MK-866 AGAINST HEPATIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY DOXORUBICIN

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Zileuton and MK-886 against hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin. Methods: A total of 30 healthy adult male albino rats were randomized and rats were divided into five groups, six animals in each: Control negative group, Vehicle group: Rats were given ethanol i.p., Dx group: Doxorubicin (15 mg/kg), Mk group: Mk-886-treated rats given 0.6 mg/kg of Mk-886 i.p, and Z group: Zileuton-treated rats given zileuton 10 mg/kg i.p. Biochemical tests of the serum for ASAT and ALAT level were estimated. Serum glutathione (GSH) concentrations (μg/ml) were determined using GSH ELISA Kit, while serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (ng/ml) were determined using MDA ELISA Kit. Livers were removed from each rat and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin for histopathological studies. Results: MK- and zileuton-treated groups showed higher GSH levels and lower MDA levels as compared with Dx-treated group. MK-886 associated with significant p<0.05 decreased the liver enzymes in comparison with doxorubicin-treated rats. Zileuton showed insignificant (p>0.05) changes. The liver tissues that treated with Dx only showed several histopathological changes such as moderate sinusoidal dilation, vacuolation, mild-to-moderate hepatocyte necrosis/degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe congestion. Liver tissues that treated by zileuton with Dx showed sinusoidal dilation, vacuolation, mild congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration, while those treated with Mk-886 plus Dx showed nearly normal liver pathophysiology. Conclusion: It has been concluded that Zileuton and MK-886 have protective effects against hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin

Behavioral analysis on IPV4 Malware in both IPV4 and IPv6 Network Environment

Malware is become an epidemic in computer net-work nowadays. Malware attacks are a significant threat to networks. A conducted survey shows malware attacks may result a huge financial impact. This scenario has become worse when users are migrating to a new environment which is Internet Protocol Version 6. In this paper, a real Nimda worm was released on to further understand the worm beha-vior in real network traffic. A controlled environment of both IPv4 and IPv6 network were deployed as a testbed for this study. The result between these two scenarios will be analyzed and discussed further in term of the worm behavior. The ex-periment result shows that even IPv4 malware still can infect the IPv6 network environment without any modification. New detection techniques need to be proposed to remedy this prob-lem swiftl

Optimization of polyurethane foam cube in enhancing the attachment of microalgae biomass

Attachment of microalgae biomass to polyurethane foam material is believed could reduce the cost and time needed for harvesting process in making it reliable to be used in industry for biodiesel production. This paper aim to optimize the usage of polyurethane for higher attachment of microalgae biomass yield in term of it sizes and packing volume. The investigation revealed that 1.0 cm3 polyurethane foam yield highest attached biomass (0.812 g) and it has best performance compared to 0.125 cm3, 8 cm3 and 27 cm3 with attached biomass yield 0.666 g, 0.546 g, and 0.368 g respectively. For packing volume, 6% is the best since has highest attached microalgae biomass with yield 0.753 g, compared with 2%, 4%, 8% and 10% with yield 0.426 g, 0.577 g, 0.687 g and 0.644 g attached biomass respectively.Keywords: microalgae; chlorella vulgaris, polyurethane; attached biomass.

Behavioral Analysis on IPv4 Malware in both IPv4 and IPv6 Network Environment

Malware is become an epidemic in computer net-work nowadays. Malware attacks are a significant threat to networks. A conducted survey shows malware attacks may result a huge financial impact. This scenario has become worse when users are migrating to a new environment which is Internet Protocol Version 6. In this paper, a real Nimda worm was released on to further understand the worm beha-vior in real network traffic. A controlled environment of both IPv4 and IPv6 network were deployed as a testbed for this study. The result between these two scenarios will be analyzed and discussed further in term of the worm behavior. The ex-periment result shows that even IPv4 malware still can infect the IPv6 network environment without any modification. New detection techniques need to be proposed to remedy this prob-lem swiftly

Using LAPER Quadcopter Imagery for Precision Oil Palm Geospatial Intelligence (OP GeoInt)

Maintaining consistent productive health of perennial crop such an oil palm is challenging, yet crucial for sustaining optimum yield. Oil palm production requires precision farming (PF) solution which conventionally makes use satellite remote sensing techniques to capture agricultural data. Nevertheless, such techniques suffer from constraints due to low spatial and temporal resolution as well as autonomy issues. Proliferation of micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has made production of digital aerial imagery (DAI) become cheaper and easier. DAI conjugated with advances in photogrammetry workflow and analytics post-processing enable powerful geovisualization manipulation. Advance geovisualization manipulation of DAI has promising potentials to leverage precision oil palm (POP) farming. The study reported in this paper aims to adapt UAV-based personal remote sensing (PRS) techniques in producing DAI geovisualization and mapping to accommodate POP provisioning. A Study were carried out using Low Altitudes Personal Remote Sensing (LAPER), a customized micro UAV quadcopter, for acquiring oil palm DAI, and extensive postprocessing workflow in producing oil palm explorative geovisualization and actionable base maps. Various simple yet insightful and actionable oil palm base maps were generated from the workflow. The paper concludes that LAPER is capable of adequately supplying temporal geospatial data for provisioning POP and oil palm geospatial intelligence (GeoInt) and oil palm planters can make use of LAPER imagery for geovisualization tasks for suggesting systematic actions in plantation management

Applying of No-fines concretes as a porous concrete in different construction application

Recently, the demands on the concretes with no fines aggregate has been increased as a results of the industry revolution. Many researchers are trying to recycle the concretes and rubble. In addition, the increase in noise in the surrounding environment as a result of the growing population and cars has generated an urgent need to produce concretes characterized by good sound insulation. No-fines concretes is considered as a kind of porous lightweights concretes, gained by removing the sand from the ordinary concretes mixture. The aim of this study is replace the coarse aggregate by waste ceramics in order to reduce the wastes as well as investigate strengths against compression s, density and porosity of No-fines concretes before and after substitution the coarse aggregate by waste ceramics. The methodology of this research paper has been mainly depending on strengths against compression s test and the measured ultrasonic pulse velocity as well as the density. The investigational research has been implemented by 54 samples cast by six various blending proportion consisting of (cement, coarse aggregate, water) utilizing ceramic wastes (CWs) as a substation ratio of coarse aggregates in making concretes free of fine aggregate, so that the proportions of ceramic residues are (0, 10%, 20, 30, 40, 50) as a partial substation of the coarse aggregates and examined at the ages of (7, 28 and 90) days. The mechanism of failure has been detected and categorized beside the concrete’s density and void percentage have been collected. The results show that, the increasing the substitution ratio for waste ceramic within the no-fine mixtures cause a decrease in the density with increasing the strengths against compression s for the specimens

The health and toxic adverse effects of Fusarium fungal mycotoxin, fumonisins, on human population.

Problem statements: Fumonisin was a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in various foods and feeds. They occurred worldwide and were found predominantly in corn and in corn-based animal feeds and also can be found in other crops. Contamination of food and feed with fumonisins has been implicated in and associated with a number of diseases in both livestock as well as human beings. Approach: A review was done on the effect of fumonisins on animal and human and detoxification method for the prevention. ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google and Yahoo were used in the preparation of this review. Results: This review clarified that the major forms of fumonisins found in food were the B series, fumonisin B1, B2 and B3. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was the most common and the most thoroughly studied. FB1 caused toxicities in animals including Equine Leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), Porcine Pulmonary Edema (PPE) in pigs and nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic in rats. Furthermore, FB1 had been implicated to be associated with high rates of human esophageal cancer. In addition to their natural occurrence in corn-based animal feeds and in home-grown corn used for food, fumonisins were frequently found in commercial corn-based foods. Methods for prevention and detoxification for fumonisins included prevention of plants contamination at the field level and harvest and post-harvest control of fumonisins. Furthermore, the diseases occurred in livestock will pose the additional economic losses in livestock farmers. Conclusion: Due to economic losses engendered by fumonisin, several strategies for detoxifying and preventing contaminated foods and feeds had been described in the literature including physical and biological process. However these methods still in demonstrated. Awareness of fumonisin-related animal diseases, contamination of fumonisin in foods and feeds and adherence to guidance recommendation in prevention methods were important for reducing fumonisin-induced diseases in agriculturally important species

Time Based Intrusion Detection on Fast Attack for Network Intrusion Detection System

In recent years network attack are easily launch since the tools to execute the attack are freely available on the Internet. Even the script kiddies can initiate a sophisticated attack with just a basic knowledge on network and software technology. To overcome this matter, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been used as a vital instrument in defending the network from this malicious activity. With the ability to analyze network traffic and recognize incoming and ongoing network attack, majority of network administrator has turn to IDS to help them in detecting anomalies in network traffic. The gathering of information and analysis on the anomalies activity can be classified into fast and slow attack. Since fast attack activity make a connection in few second and uses a large amount of packet, detecting this early connection provide the administrator one step ahead in deflecting further damages towards the network infrastructure. This paper describes IDS that detects fast attack intrusion using time based detection method. The time based detection method calculates the statistic of the frequency event which occurs between one second time intervals for each connection made to a host thus providing the crucial information in detecting fast attack