Automated detection of actinic keratoses in clinical photographs

Backgroun

Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory findings, and outcomes of disseminated tuberculosis in Tehran, Iran

Background: Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 1 to 3% of all TB cases. This retrospective study reviews the clinical, radiological, laboratory findings and Outcome in patients with disseminated tuberculosis in an endemic area. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for patients with disseminated TB admitted to two tertiary centers in Tehran, Iran between 1999 and 2006. Results: Fifty patients were found to have disseminated TB. A miliary pattern was documented in the chest x-ray of 34 patients. Hematologic abnormalities including anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were frequently observed. Death Occurred in nine of the cases. The mortality rate was significantly higher in diabetic patients, injection drug users, and patients with hematologic abnormalities; however, steroid usage and human immunodeficiency virus infection were not significantly associated with a higher mortality rate. Clinical improvement occurred in 41 patients following treatment. Conclusion: Disseminated TB could have different manifestations. Hematologic abnormalities are common and are considered poor prognostic signs in these patients

Comparison of automatically detected lesions with dermatologist circumscribed lesions for each body site.

<p>Each point represents the total count for each method from one clinical photograph in the severe photodamage group. Labelled points correspond to photographs shown. White outlines are automatically detected regions, blue/green outlines are dermatologist annotations. A) Automatically counted lesions on each face photograph compared with dermatologist count, and number of co-localized lesions. B) Dermatologist second count on faces compared with first count, and number of co-localized lesions. C-D) Example of automated output compared with dermatologist on two foreheads. E) Automatically counted lesions on each arm photograph compared with dermatologist count, and number of co-localized lesions. F) Dermatologist second count on arms compared with first count, and number of co-localized lesions. G-H) Example of automated output compared with dermatologist annotation on forearm and hand. </p

Confusion between automated/dermatologist assessment and the first and second dermatologist assessments on the face and arms.

<p>Confusion between automated/dermatologist assessment and the first and second dermatologist assessments on the face and arms.</p

Overview of analysis steps in automated actinic keratosis detection, as applied to the dorsum of hand with the contrast adjusted for visualization.

<p>A) Input image. B) YCbCr transform of input image. C) Mean of Cb and Cr channels shows distinct hotspots for erythema. D) Guided filtering to remove unneeded texture. E) Distinct peaks extracted by morphological analysis. F) Hysteresis thresholding to identify erythematic areas. G) Boundaries of automatically detected lesions (white) compared with the dermatologist’s annotations (blue). </p