Islanding technique in power systems to avoid cascading failure

In order to increase the reliability of the power system and to make use of trapped generation potential from renewable sources due to lack of transmission availability, the interconnection of modern day power systems is increasing day by day. Lack of timely response to the ramping load and high degree of interconnection can lead to cascading failures. Upon inception, these can spread through the system within seconds and may result in a total system blackout. Natural calamities and erroneous operations of components are often the causes of system disturbances. The type and the location of these disturbances determine it\u27s impact on the system. Cascading failures spread through the system rapidly and pose a serious threat to system stability. Recent examples of such disturbances are the major blackouts that occurred in India on 30th and 31st July 2012. A loss of load of several thousands of megawatts was observed. Blackouts not only result in inconvenience to the residential customers but also cause a heavy monetary loss to the industry and to the nation as a whole. Depending upon the current system conditions, generation rescheduling or load shedding can be employed to combat system disturbances. System islanding is usually the last resort if none of the above produces desired results. The aim of this thesis to develop a program for identification of line outages that can initiate a cascading failure in the system. Development of generation rescheduling and load shedding algorithms to curb overloads in these lines. It also includes development and implementation of islanding procedure on a IEEE 118 Bus system, if the generation rescheduling and load shedding does not work. The system will be split into 3 independent stable islands as a preventive measure to avert the cascading failures --Abstract, page iii

Fake Malware Classification with CNN via Image Conversion: A Game Theory Approach

Improvements in malware detection techniques have grown significantly over the past decade. These improvements have resulted in better security for systems from various forms of malware attacks. However, it is also the reason for continuous evolution of malware which makes it harder for current security mechanisms to detect them. Hence, there is a need to understand different malwares and study classification techniques using the ever-evolving field of machine learning. The goal of this research project is to identify similarities between malware families and to improve on classification of malwares within different malware families by implementing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on their executable files. Moreover, there are different algorithms through which we can resize images. Classifying these malware images will help us understand effectiveness of the techniques. As malwares evolve continuously, we will generate fake malware image samples using Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (AC-GANs) and jumble the original dataset to try and break the CNN classifier

Procurement, Storage and Distribution of Foodstuff in the Armed Forces

The problem of procuring, storing and distributing foodstuffs to the Armed Forces in India is a stupendous task because of the wide variations interrains and climatic conditions and the varied food habits of the people. It is all the more exacting as the processed food industry is still in its infancy. Because of the stringent quality control requirements of the Armed Forces, the food processing industry in India is not willing to undertake supplies to the Defence services. The problems and how they are handled are briefly reviewed

Decomposition of q-commuting contractions

In the literature, we have several results associated with canonical decomposition of commuting contractions. In this paper, we generalize a few of these results to q-commuting contractions. Here we mainly deal with doubly q-commuting contractions when $|q|=1$ or when $q$ is a unitary operator.Comment: Contains 25 pages. This is just a first draft. It will be revised soon and some more results will be added to it. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2202.0130

Modelling Non-Linear Consensus Dynamics on Hypergraphs

The basic interaction unit of many dynamical systems involves more than two nodes. In such situations where networks are not an appropriate modelling framework, it has recently become increasingly popular to turn to higher-order models, including hypergraphs. In this paper, we explore the non-linear dynamics of consensus on hypergraphs, allowing for interactions within hyperedges of any cardinality. After discussing the different ways in which non-linearities can be incorporated in the dynamical model, building on different sociological theories, we explore its mathematical properties and perform simulations to investigate them numerically. After focussing on synthetic hypergraphs, namely on block hypergraphs, we investigate the dynamics on real-world structures, and explore in detail the role of involvement and stubbornness on polarisation

Rapid online buffer exchange for screening of proteins, protein complexes and cell lysates by native mass spectrometry

It is important to assess the identity and purity of proteins and protein complexes during and after protein purification to ensure that samples are of sufficient quality for further biochemical and structural characterization, as well as for use in consumer products, chemical processes and therapeutics. Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has become an important tool in protein analysis due to its ability to retain non-covalent interactions during measurements, making it possible to obtain protein structural information with high sensitivity and at high speed. Interferences from the presence of non-volatiles are typically alleviated by offline buffer exchange, which is time-consuming and difficult to automate. We provide a protocol for rapid online buffer exchange (OBE) nMS to directly screen structural features of pre-purified proteins, protein complexes or clarified cell lysates. In the liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach described in this protocol, samples in MS-incompatible conditions are injected onto a short size-exclusion chromatography column. Proteins and protein complexes are separated from small molecule non-volatile buffer components using an aqueous, non-denaturing mobile phase. Eluted proteins and protein complexes are detected by the mass spectrometer after electrospray ionization. Mass spectra can inform regarding protein sample purity and oligomerization, and additional tandem mass spectra can help to further obtain information on protein complex subunits. Information obtained by OBE nMS can be used for fast (<5 min) quality control and can further guide protein expression and purification optimization

Mucoadhesive carbamazepine gel for in situ olfactory delivery

Purpose: To formulate mucoadhesive carbamazepine gel for delivery to the brain via the olfactory mucosa. Methods: Carbamazepine transfersomes were formulated using Lipoid S 100 and sodium cholate. The transfersomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, in vitro release transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, polydispersity index. The transfersomes were then incorporated into gellan gum gel, and the in situ gel formulation was evaluated for drug content, gel strength, in vitro release and mucoadhesive force. Transfersomes were also evaluated for bioanalytical study in rats. Result: TEM analysis showed good regular spheres. The negative zeta potential ensures resistance to aggregation. The gel strength of the formulations was in the range of 0.6 to 7.4 g. In vitro diffusion study of transfersomal gel showed Fickian diffusion mechanism. Formulation F6 was optimized depending for gel strength (6.4 g) , drug content (99.47 ± 0.25 %), and good mucoadhesive force (50.24 ± 0.76 dyne/cm2). Bioanalytical study of F6 showed increased drug concentration in brain. Conclusion: Mucoadhesive carbanmazepine gel can be used effectively to achieve increased concentration of drug in the brain via olfactory mucosal rout

A novel form of actin in Leishmania: molecular characterisation, subcellular localisation and association with subpellicular microtubules

To study the occurrence and subcellular distribution of actin in trypanosomatid parasites, we have cloned and overexpressed Leishmania donovani actin gene in bacteria, purified the protein, and employed the affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti-recombinant actin antibodies as a probe to study the organisation and subcellular distribution of actin in Leishmania cells. The Leishmania actin did not cross react with antimammalian actin antibodies but was readily recognized by the anti-Leishmania actin antibodies in both the promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite. About 106 copies per cell of this protein (Mr 42.05 kDa) were present in the Leishmania promastigote. Unlike other eukaryotic actins, the oligomeric forms of Leishmania actin were not stained by phalloidin nor were dissociated by actin filament-disrupting agents, like Latrunculin B and Cytochalasin D. Analysis of the primary structure of this protein revealed that these unusual characteristics may be related to the presence of highly diverged amino acids in the DNase I-binding loop (amino acids 40-50) and the hydrophobic plug (amino acids 262-272) regions of Leishmania actin. The subcellular distribution of actin was studied in the Leishmania promastigotes by employing immunoelectron and immunofluorescence microscopies. This protein was present not only in the flagella, flagellar pocket, nucleus and the kinetoplast but it was also localized on the nuclear, vacuolar and cytoplasmic face of the plasma membranes. Further, the plasma membrane-associated actin was colocalised with subpellicular microtubules, while most of the actin present in the kinetoplast colocalised with the k-DNA network. These results clearly indicate that Leishmania contains a novel form of actin which may structurally and functionally differ from other eukaryotic actins. The functional significance of these observations is discussed