The Relationship Between Types Of Paragraphs And Topic Progression Used In Paragraphs Written By Iranian EFL Students

Using Lautmattis (1978) framework, this study examines the types of topic progression techniques used in 120 paragraphs written by 40 Iranian undergraduate students. Each student was asked to write three types of paragraphs; namely, those of comparison and contrast, cause-effect, and chronology. The present study investigates the relationship between the types of paragraphs and types of topic progression techniques used in them. As the results of the Chi-square test show, there is a relationship between types of paragraphs and types of topic progression techniques. In paragraphs of comparison and contrast, sequential progression (38.44%); in paragraphs of cause-effect, sequential progression (34.72%); and in paragraphs of chronology, extended parallel progression (35.52%) were the most frequently used types of topic progression

Comparing the Effectiveness of Brain-based Learning and Cognitive Rehabilitation on Inhibition and Attention Shifting Functions in 10-12 Year-old Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of brain-based learning and cognitive rehabilitation interventions on the inhibition and attention shifting functions in 10-12 year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research employed an experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design, with a control group. Participants were selected by random sampling and assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (with 15 members in each group) using the random assignment method. Data was collected using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Brain-based learning and cognitive rehabilitation interventions were carried out in the experimental groups, while no intervention was performed in the control group. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 26. The MANCOVA analysis for the scores of inhibition and attention shifting functions showed there was a significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The results indicated a significant difference between the effectiveness of brain-based learning and cognitive rehabilitation interventions in terms of inhibition and attention shifting. Therefore, it was found that the effectiveness of brain-based learning was significantly greater than cognitive rehabilitation intervention. Based on these findings, it is suggested to prioritize brain-based learning intervention in order to increase the functions of inhibition and attention shifting

Differential Expression Profile of miR-27b, miR-29a and miR-155 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Breast Cancer Patients

Over the past decade, studies on microRNA (miRNA) and cancer quickly became known. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a vital role in regulation of gene expression. In the present study, the expression of miR-27b, miR-29a, and miR-155, their prognostic roles, and their potential targets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and breast cancer (BC) by qRT-PCR were investigated. In two case-control studies, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the peripheral blood serum of 15 CLL patients and tissue samples of 15 BC patients for the expression of miR-27b, miR-29a, and miR-155. miRNA expression levels were calculated using the qRT-PCR method. The results revealed a significant increase in the expression of all miRNAs in patients with BC and CLL compared with respective healthy groups (p <0.001). In BC patients, there was a significant difference between the expression of miR-155 and miR-29a (p <0.05), miR-155 and miR-27b (p <0.01), and miR-27b and miR-29a (p <0.001). In CLL patients, a significant difference between expression of both miR-27b and miR-29a compared with expression of miR-155 (p <0.001) was found. Furthermore, a significant association between miR-155 and prevascular invasion was found. Significantly, elevated circulating miRNAs were shown to be BC specific and could differentiate BC tissues from the controls. It was demonstrated that miRNAs used in this study and their expression profiles can be developed as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CLL and BC. Further studies utilizing a larger test group of patients would provide identification of miRNAs as key players in intercellular interactions

The fluctuation of APC gene in WNT signaling with adenine deletion of adenomatous polyposis coli, is associated in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most important malignancies in the classification of gastrointestinal cancers. One of the predisposing factors at molecular level for this cancer is via WNT signaling which is associated with the vast numbers of different genes. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene (APC) mutation of rs41115in two locations such as 132.002 and 131.989 acts as a trigger or cause of colorectal cancer. Relatively, 30 blood samples of colorectal cancer patients and 30 normal blood samples as control group after colonoscopy and also confirmation of pathology report at Rohani Hospital in Babol (Iran) were investigated. The primers were designed in order to be included the rs41115 to identify the particular polymorphisms of gene. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR direct sequencing method) was used. Conclusively, deletion of adenine in two specific locations such as 131.989 and 132.002 has been identified, but there was no relationship between rs41115 polymorphisms located in adenomatous polyposis coli gene and colorectal cancer. Resumo: O câncer colorretal é uma das neoplasias malignas mais importantes na classificação dos cânceres gastrointestinais. Um dos fatores predisponentes no âmbito molecular para esse câncer é através da via de sinalização WNT, que está associada a um grande número de genes diferentes. Portanto, neste estudo, objetivamos investigar se a mutação rs41115 do gene da polipose adenomatosa do cólon (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli – APC) em dois locais como 132.002 e 131.989 atua como gatilho ou como causa do câncer colorretal. Relativamente, 30 amostras de sangue de pacientes com câncer colorretal e 30 amostras de sangue normal (grupo controle) foram analisadas após a colonoscopia, bem como a confirmação do laudo da patologia no Rohani Hospital em Babol (Irã). Os primers foram projetados de modo a incluir o rs41115 para identificar os polimorfismos particulares do gene. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (método de sequenciamento direto por PCR) foi utilizada. Conclusivamente, a deleção de adenina em dois locais específicos, como 131.989 e 132.002, foi identificada, mas não houve relação entre o polimorfismo rs41115 localizado no gene da polipose adenomatosa do cólon e o câncer colorretal

Cancer signaling pathways with a therapeutic approach: An overview in epigenetic regulations of cancer stem cells

One of the most important issues in cancer progression is caner stem cells (CSCs) which have illustrated that the bulk tumors can arise from a special combination of cells. Remarkably, it has been proposed to be a notable and strong factor in carcinogenesis and tumorogenesis and also is a key parameter of therapeutic resistance. In this way, recent findings have shown the key roles of epigenetic regulations in cancer development.Considerably, epigenetic regulations of gene expression is an active and dynamic process including histone modification, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling with a reversible trait.Meaningly, recent and novel findings have described the significance of epigenetic regulatory proteins from divers features comprising tumorogenesis,stem cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Evidently, abnormal epigenetic regulations is directly related with many serious disorders particularly different cancers. We here review a discussion of how the deregulation of eclectic pathways containing Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), WNT, Beta catenin and NOTCH can help to carcinogenesis specially focusing to survival and maintenance of CSCs in therapeutic approach