Efficiency of augmented designs for selection

Each of two populations of 529 F(,3)-derived lines of oats (Avena sativa L.) in the F(,5\u27) one (W2) developed by interspecific (A. sativa(\u273) x A. sterilis) hydridization and the other (C2) developed by cultivar hybridization, and five oat cultivars used as check entries, were tested in each of four environments in Iowa. They were evaluated in an augmented randomized complete block (ARCBD), a randomized complete block (RCBD), and a simple lattice design (LD) with a field arrangement such that one set of plots in a replication accommodated all three designs. Each of two replications for a population tested in an environment also was used as the basis for studying the efficiency of three unreplicated experimental designs for plant breeding. These were the NOADJ, in which unadjusted phenotypic values for grain yield (GYLD) were used to judge the worth of the oat lines, and the ARCBD and NOCH unreplicated designs in which the phenotypic value of a line was adjusted by subtracting the corresponding block effect estimated from check and entry means, respectively;To compare the efficiencies of the unreplicated and replicated experimental designs for selection for GYLD, the genotypic yielding abilities of the lines were evaluated by calculating means (called genotypic values) for GYLD from data collected from these lines in previous experiments;Among the replicated experimental designs, LD was the most efficient for controlling intra-site error variance and ARCBD was the least efficient. This superiority of LD, however, was not very great, and there was little difference among the replicated designs when efficiency of selection for GYLD was the judgment criterion. The use of experimental designs, either unreplicated or replicated, that used plot yield adjustments, in general, was not better for selection than were NOADJ or RCBD, respectively, neither of which entailed plot adjustment. All replicated and unreplicated designs were successful for selection according to every criterion used, but making a choice among either unreplicated or among replicated designs for efficiency for selection was relatively unimportant. All criteria used to evaluate replicated and unreplicated designs indicated that success from selection was highly dependent upon the genetic material being used

Variabilidad genética, diversidad fenotípica e identificación de poblaciones sobresalientes de maíz cacahuacintle

En el año 2001 se hizo un estudio con el objetivo de estimar variabilidad genética, diversidad fenotípica e identificar poblaciones sobresalientes de Cacahuacintle. El material genético, consistente en 34 poblaciones, fue evaluado en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones por localidad. Los resultados indicaron lo siguiente: 1) Hubo poca variabilidad genética entre Cacahuacintles. 2) Hubo cuatro grupos de variables independientes: a) rendimiento de grano, diámetro de mazorca y alturas de planta y mazorca, b) longitud, peso de olote y de grano por mazorca, c) número de hileras de grano, y d) peso volumétrico del grano. 3) El análisis de conglomerados clasificó a los 34 Cacahuacintles en tres grupos; el grupo 3 estuvo integrado por las poblaciones con rendimientos entre 5.04 y 5.38 t ha-1En el año 2001 se hizo un estudio con el objetivo de estimar variabilidad genética, diversidad fenotípica e identiÀcar poblaciones sobresalientes de Cacahuacintle. El material genético, consistente en 34 poblaciones, fue evaluado en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones por localidad. Los resultados indicaron lo siguiente: 1) Hubo poca variabilidad genética entre Cacahuacintles. 2) Hubo cuatro grupos de variables independientes: a) rendimiento de grano, diámetro de mazorca y alturas de planta y mazorca, b) longitud, peso de olote y de grano por mazorca, c) número de hileras de grano, y d) peso volumétrico del grano. 3) El análisis de conglomerados clasiÀcó a los 34 Cacahuacintles en tres grupos; el grupo 3 estuvo integrado por las poblaciones con rendimientos entre 5.04 y 5.38 t ha-1

Efficiency of augmented designs for selection

Each of two populations of 529 F(,3)-derived lines of oats (Avena sativa L.) in the F(,5') one (W2) developed by interspecific (A. sativa('3) x A. sterilis) hydridization and the other (C2) developed by cultivar hybridization, and five oat cultivars used as check entries, were tested in each of four environments in Iowa. They were evaluated in an augmented randomized complete block (ARCBD), a randomized complete block (RCBD), and a simple lattice design (LD) with a field arrangement such that one set of plots in a replication accommodated all three designs. Each of two replications for a population tested in an environment also was used as the basis for studying the efficiency of three unreplicated experimental designs for plant breeding. These were the NOADJ, in which unadjusted phenotypic values for grain yield (GYLD) were used to judge the worth of the oat lines, and the ARCBD and NOCH unreplicated designs in which the phenotypic value of a line was adjusted by subtracting the corresponding block effect estimated from check and entry means, respectively;To compare the efficiencies of the unreplicated and replicated experimental designs for selection for GYLD, the genotypic yielding abilities of the lines were evaluated by calculating means (called genotypic values) for GYLD from data collected from these lines in previous experiments;Among the replicated experimental designs, LD was the most efficient for controlling intra-site error variance and ARCBD was the least efficient. This superiority of LD, however, was not very great, and there was little difference among the replicated designs when efficiency of selection for GYLD was the judgment criterion. The use of experimental designs, either unreplicated or replicated, that used plot yield adjustments, in general, was not better for selection than were NOADJ or RCBD, respectively, neither of which entailed plot adjustment. All replicated and unreplicated designs were successful for selection according to every criterion used, but making a choice among either unreplicated or among replicated designs for efficiency for selection was relatively unimportant. All criteria used to evaluate replicated and unreplicated designs indicated that success from selection was highly dependent upon the genetic material being used.</p

Diversidad fenotípica de variedades e híbridos de maíz en el Valle Toluca-Atlacomulco, México

El conocimiento del origen geográfico y genético de los maíces (Zea mays L.) de Valles Altos del Centro de México podría ser relevante para el estudio y caracterización de su diversidad fenotípica, conservación in situ, mejoramiento genético y generación de tecnología. En el año 2004 se hizo un estudio con el objetivo principal de evaluar la diversidad fenotípica en variedades criollas e híbridos recomendados para siembra comercial en el Valle Toluca- Atlacomulco, en El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas (dos fechas de siembra), Metepec y Jocotitlán, Edo. de México. En las 25 poblaciones se midió el rendimiento de grano y 11 variables morfológícas de planta y mazorca y fenológicas, en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones por ambiente. Los resultados indicaron que la diversidad fenotípica del maíz en el Valle Toluca-Atlacomulco se distribuyó en cinco grupos: Palomero Toluqueño, Cacahuacintle, Chalqueño, Cónico-híbridos Cónico - Chalqueño e híbridos de origen racial complejo. Palomero sobresalió por su precocidad, mayor número de hileras de grano y mayor peso volumétrico. Cacahuacintle se diferenció por su mayor diámetro de mazorca y menor número de hileras de grano. Cónico rindió lo mismo que los híbridos de otras razas; su adaptabilidad histórica al Valle contribuiría a la derivación de poblaciones precoces de mayor rendimiento. La raza Chalqueño presentó las mayores dimensiones de planta, duración del ciclo biológico y rendimiento de grano; rindió igual que los híbridos Cónico-Chalqueño, que presentaron una mazorca por planta y altos pesos de grano por mazorca y volumétricos. Los híbridos de origen racial complejo podrían incrementar la heterosis para rendimiento de grano con Cónico- Chalqueño y disminuir las alturas de planta y mazorca, el acame y la esterilidad en Cacahuacintle, Cónico y Chalqueño

Variabilidad y caracterización de diez variedades de papa en tres localidades del Estado de México

Se evaluaron 10 variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en tres localidades del Estado de México en el verano del 2004 y 2005. Se estimaron los componentes de varianza y la heredabilidad de siete caracteres cuantitativos. Las variedades también se describieron a partir de 21 caracteres cualitativos. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones por ambiente. El análisis estadístico de la serie de experimentos se basó en un modelo de efectos aleatorios para los siete caracteres cuantitativos. Los caracteres cualitativos se describieron de acuerdo con la Guía Técnica para la Descripción Varietal de la Papa, del Servicio Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semillas (SNICS). Los resultados mostraron significancia estadística (P¿0.01) para localidades, genotipos e interacción genotipo x ambiente para cada caracter evaluado. La heredabilidad en sentido amplio fue superior al 61.6 % en Raíces, Metepec y San Francisco Oxtotilpan. El mayor peso de tubérculo se registró en la variedad identificada como 750660 (27.8 t·ha-1), que superó estadísticamente a la variedad Alpha (testigo). La altura de la planta y el número de tallos por planta se correlacionaron negativamente (P¿0.01) con el peso de tubérculo (PTHA), pero el resto de las variables evaluadas contribuyeron a un aumento significativo del PTHA (P¿0.01). Con relación a la estructura del follaje, la variedad identificada como 777091 fue la mejor en Raíces y Metepec, pero 776943 sobresalió en San Francisco

Global Warming and Community Outreach (Semester Unknown) IPRO 331: Global Warming and Community Outreach IPRO331 MidTerm Presentation F09

a. Utilize previous presentations to inform and educate the public about the cause, impact, and responses to global warming. b. Divide the overall issue into major aspects including the ones set by previous IPRO’s while adding our own. c. Present material to larger and more diverse audiences in order to create widespread awareness about global warming. d. Focus on solid, scientific data from credible sources that define why and how global warming is occurring, rather than discussing the politics and economics that surround the issue. e. Add the most recent updates to the presentation such as climate engineering. f. Use previous research and presentations but taking a more systematic approach when creating presentations. g. Devise a creative ways to interact with the audience such as skits and demonstrations. h. Provide surveys at the end of each presentation to receive feedback. i. Update an existing IPRO 331 website and enhance it with updated research. Also to make is more accessible to the general public and make them aware of it. This will allow anyone anywhere to access information on global warming. j. Enhance team members’ public speaking abilities via interactions during class along with mock presentations throughout the semester. k. Each member is expected to organize and present at three different locations per month at least throughout the semester.Deliverable

Global Warming and Community Outreach (Semester Unknown) IPRO 331: Global Warming and Community Outreach IPRO331 Project Plan F09

a. Utilize previous presentations to inform and educate the public about the cause, impact, and responses to global warming. b. Divide the overall issue into major aspects including the ones set by previous IPRO’s while adding our own. c. Present material to larger and more diverse audiences in order to create widespread awareness about global warming. d. Focus on solid, scientific data from credible sources that define why and how global warming is occurring, rather than discussing the politics and economics that surround the issue. e. Add the most recent updates to the presentation such as climate engineering. f. Use previous research and presentations but taking a more systematic approach when creating presentations. g. Devise a creative ways to interact with the audience such as skits and demonstrations. h. Provide surveys at the end of each presentation to receive feedback. i. Update an existing IPRO 331 website and enhance it with updated research. Also to make is more accessible to the general public and make them aware of it. This will allow anyone anywhere to access information on global warming. j. Enhance team members’ public speaking abilities via interactions during class along with mock presentations throughout the semester. k. Each member is expected to organize and present at three different locations per month at least throughout the semester.Deliverable

Global Warming and Community Outreach (Semester Unknown) IPRO 331: Global Warming and Community Outreach IPRO331 Poster F09

a. Utilize previous presentations to inform and educate the public about the cause, impact, and responses to global warming. b. Divide the overall issue into major aspects including the ones set by previous IPRO’s while adding our own. c. Present material to larger and more diverse audiences in order to create widespread awareness about global warming. d. Focus on solid, scientific data from credible sources that define why and how global warming is occurring, rather than discussing the politics and economics that surround the issue. e. Add the most recent updates to the presentation such as climate engineering. f. Use previous research and presentations but taking a more systematic approach when creating presentations. g. Devise a creative ways to interact with the audience such as skits and demonstrations. h. Provide surveys at the end of each presentation to receive feedback. i. Update an existing IPRO 331 website and enhance it with updated research. Also to make is more accessible to the general public and make them aware of it. This will allow anyone anywhere to access information on global warming. j. Enhance team members’ public speaking abilities via interactions during class along with mock presentations throughout the semester. k. Each member is expected to organize and present at three different locations per month at least throughout the semester.Deliverable

Global Warming and Community Outreach (Semester Unknown) IPRO 331: Global Warming and Community Outreach IPRO331 Brochure F09

a. Utilize previous presentations to inform and educate the public about the cause, impact, and responses to global warming. b. Divide the overall issue into major aspects including the ones set by previous IPRO’s while adding our own. c. Present material to larger and more diverse audiences in order to create widespread awareness about global warming. d. Focus on solid, scientific data from credible sources that define why and how global warming is occurring, rather than discussing the politics and economics that surround the issue. e. Add the most recent updates to the presentation such as climate engineering. f. Use previous research and presentations but taking a more systematic approach when creating presentations. g. Devise a creative ways to interact with the audience such as skits and demonstrations. h. Provide surveys at the end of each presentation to receive feedback. i. Update an existing IPRO 331 website and enhance it with updated research. Also to make is more accessible to the general public and make them aware of it. This will allow anyone anywhere to access information on global warming. j. Enhance team members’ public speaking abilities via interactions during class along with mock presentations throughout the semester. k. Each member is expected to organize and present at three different locations per month at least throughout the semester.Deliverable

Global Warming and Community Outreach (Semester Unknown) IPRO 331: Global Warming and Community Outreach IPRO331 Final Presentation F09

a. Utilize previous presentations to inform and educate the public about the cause, impact, and responses to global warming. b. Divide the overall issue into major aspects including the ones set by previous IPRO’s while adding our own. c. Present material to larger and more diverse audiences in order to create widespread awareness about global warming. d. Focus on solid, scientific data from credible sources that define why and how global warming is occurring, rather than discussing the politics and economics that surround the issue. e. Add the most recent updates to the presentation such as climate engineering. f. Use previous research and presentations but taking a more systematic approach when creating presentations. g. Devise a creative ways to interact with the audience such as skits and demonstrations. h. Provide surveys at the end of each presentation to receive feedback. i. Update an existing IPRO 331 website and enhance it with updated research. Also to make is more accessible to the general public and make them aware of it. This will allow anyone anywhere to access information on global warming. j. Enhance team members’ public speaking abilities via interactions during class along with mock presentations throughout the semester. k. Each member is expected to organize and present at three different locations per month at least throughout the semester.Deliverable