Using ChatGPT in HCI Research -- A Trioethnography

This paper explores the lived experience of using ChatGPT in HCI research through a month-long trioethnography. Our approach combines the expertise of three HCI researchers with diverse research interests to reflect on our daily experience of living and working with ChatGPT. Our findings are presented as three provocations grounded in our collective experiences and HCI theories. Specifically, we examine (1) the emotional impact of using ChatGPT, with a focus on frustration and embarrassment, (2) the absence of accountability and consideration of future implications in design, and raise (3) questions around bias from a Global South perspective. Our work aims to inspire critical discussions about utilizing ChatGPT in HCI research and advance equitable and inclusive technological development

An Observation and Analysis the role of Convolutional Neural Network towards Lung Cancer Prediction

يعد سرطان الرئة من أخطر الأمراض وأكثرها انتشارًا ، حيث يتسبب في العديد من الوفيات كل عام. على الرغم من أن صور التصوير المقطعي المحوسب تستخدم في الغالب في تشخيص السرطان ، إلا أن تقييم عمليات الفحص يعد مهمة معرضة للخطأ وتستغرق وقتًا طويلاً. يمكن للنموذج القائم على التعلم الآلي والذكاء الاصطناعي تحديد أنواع سرطان الرئة وتصنيفها بدقة تامة ، مما يساعد في الكشف المبكر عن سرطان الرئة الذي يمكن أن يزيد من معدل البقاء على قيد الحياة. في هذا البحث ، تُستخدم الشبكة العصبية التلافيفية لتصنيف السرطانة الغدية وسرطان الخلايا الحرشفية وصور المسح المقطعي المحوسب للحالة العادية من مجموعة بيانات صور مسح الصدر بالأشعة المقطعية باستخدام مجموعات مختلفة من الطبقة المخفية والمعلمات في نماذج CNN. تم تدريب النموذج المقترح على 1000 صورة مسح مقطعي للخلايا السرطانية وغير السرطانية للعثور على أفضل مزيج من المعلمات في CNN للتنبؤ بسرطان الرئة بدقة. سجل النظام المقترح أعلى دقة بلغت 92.79٪. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تتناول الورقة 192 ملاحظة تمت باستخدام نموذج CNN.Lung cancer is one of the most serious and prevalent diseases, causing many deaths each year. Though CT scan images are mostly used in the diagnosis of cancer, the assessment of scans is an error-prone and time-consuming task. Machine learning and AI-based models can identify and classify types of lung cancer quite accurately, which helps in the early-stage detection of lung cancer that can increase the survival rate. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Network is used to classify Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and normal case CT scan images from the Chest CT Scan Images Dataset using different combinations of hidden layers and parameters in CNN models. The proposed model was trained on 1000 CT Scan Images of cancerous and non-cancerous cells to find the best combination of parameters in CNN to predict lung cancer accurately.  The proposed system recorded the highest accuracy of 92.79%. In addition to that, the paper addresses 192 observations made using the CNN model.

An e-Commerce portal for online Medicine trading

E-commerce short for electronic commerce is trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet. The proposed e marketing model here is an e-commerce portal for online medicine trading and searching providing customers the list of nearby medical shops where the particular medicine is available and also online purchasing facility for that medicine. This model is basically proposing a new idea in E-marketing to supply medicines online and the customer can search the medicinersquos availability in nearby medical shops. The purpose behind making such e-commerce portal is providing customers a 24*7 availability of medicines. The shopkeepers will register over the portal and will let their medicine to be sold online. This will play a very important role in providing rare medicines at remote places where there is unavailability of medicines and also there will be a detailed list of medicines available in the stock. After implementing the proposed model, B2B and B2C transactions and sales would be increasing in coming years and it has a major impact of USAbility on e-marketing strategy of electronic business

Uncovering the nature of transient and metastable non-equilibrium phases in 1TT-TaS2_2

Complex systems are characterized by strong coupling between different microscopic degrees of freedom. Photoexcitation of such materials can drive them into new transient and long-lived hidden phases that may not have any counterparts in equilibrium. By exploiting femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we probe the photoinduced transient phase and the recovery dynamics of the ground state in a complex material: the charge density wave (CDW)-Mott insulator 1$T$-TaS$_2$. We reveal striking similarities between the band structures of the transient phase and the (equilibrium) structurally undistorted metallic phase, with evidence for the coexistence of the low-temperature Mott insulating phase and high-temperature metallic phase. Following the transient phase, we find that the restoration of the Mott and CDW order begins around the same time. This highlights that the Mott transition is tied to the CDW structural distortion, although earlier studies have shown that the collapse of Mott and CDW phases are decoupled from each other. Interestingly, as the suppressed order starts to recover, a long-lived metastable phase emerges before the material recovers to the ground state. Our results demonstrate that it is the CDW lattice order that drives the material into this metastable phase, which is indeed a commensurate CDW-Mott insulating phase but with a smaller CDW amplitude. Moreover, we find that the long-lived state emerges only under strong photoexcitation and has no evidence when the photoexcitation strength is weak

PREUČEVANJE ULTRA HITRE DINAMIKE ELEKTRONOV V KORELIRANIH SISTEMIH S POMOČJO ČASOVNO LOČLJIVE FOTOEMISIJE

Complex systems in condensed matter are characterized by strong coupling between different degrees of freedom constituting a solid. In materials described by many-body physics, these interactions may lead to the formation of new ground states such as excitonic insulators, Mott insulators, and charge and spin density waves. However, the inherent complexity in such materials poses a challenge to identifying the dominant interactions governing these phases using equilibrium studies. Owing to the distinct timescales associated with the elementary interactions, such complexities can be readily addressed in the non-equilibrium regime. Additionally, these materials might also show the emergence of new, metastable “hidden“ phases under non-equilibrium. The thesis investigates the ultrafast timescales of fundamental interactions in candidate systems by employing time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in the femtosecond time domain. In the (supposed) excitonic insulator model system Ta2NiSe5, the timescale of band gap closure and the dependence of rise time (of the photoemission signal) on the photoexcitation strength point to a predominantly electronic origin of the band gap at the Fermi level. The charge density wave (CDW) - Mott insulator 1T-TaS2 undergoes photoinduced phase transition to two different phases. The initial one is a transient phase which resembles the systems’s high temperature equilibrium phase, followed by a long-lived “hidden“ phase with a different CDW amplitude and is primarily driven by the CDW lattice order. For the spin density wave system CaFe2As2 where multiple bands contribute in the formation of Fermi surfaces, selective photoexcitation was used to disentangle the role played by different electron orbitals. By varying the polarization of photoexcitation pulses, it is observed that dxz/dyz orbitals primarily contribute to the magnetic ordering while the dxy orbitals have dominant role in the structural order. The findings of the present study provide deeper perspectives on the underlying interactions in complex ground phases of matter, therefore, initiating further experimental and theoretical studies on such materials.Za kompleksne sisteme v kondenzirani snovi je značilna močna sklopitev med različnimi prostostnimi stopnjami, ki to snov tvorijo. V materialih, ki jih opisuje fizika več teles, lahko takšne interakcije vodijo v nastanek novih osnovnih stanj, kot so ekscitonski in Mottovi izolatorji ter valovi gostote naboja in spina. Zaradi zapletene narave takšnih sistemov lahko z ravnovesnimi študijami le stežka prepoznamo prevladujoče interakcije v omenjenih fazah. Po drugi strani pa lahko zaradi prisotnosti različnih karakterističnih časovnih skal kompleksne materiale lažje obravnavamo z nerovnovesnimi tehnikami. Poleg tega lahko v neravnovesju v omenjenih materialih pride do pojava novih, metastabilnih t.i. skritih stanj. V disertaciji smo raziskali ultra hitre časovne skale osnovnih interakcij v omenjenih sistemih z uporabo femtosekundne kotno ločljive fotoemisijske spektroskopije. V (domnevnem) ekscitonskem izolatorju Ta2NiSe5 karakteristični čas, v katerem se zapre energijska vrzel, ter odvisnost karakteristi čnega časa dviga fotoemisijskega signala od jakosti svetlobnega vzbujanja kažeta na to, da je energijska vrzel v omenjenem materialu elektronskega izvora. V Mottovem izolatorju 1T-TaS2, v katerem so prisotni valovi gostote naboja (ang. charge density wave - CDW) pride pri fotovzbujanju do prehoda v različne neravnovesne faze in sicer najprej v neravnovesno stanje, ki je podobno visoko temperaturnem ravnovesnem stanju in nato v dolgoživo “skrito“ stanje z manjšo CDW amplitudo, pričemer je gonilna sila teh prehodov kristalni red CDW. V vzorcih CaFe2As2, za katere so značilni valovi gostote spina in kjer več energijskih pasov prispeva k nastanku Fermijeve površine, smo s selektivnim fotovzbujanjem ugotavljali kakšna je vloga različnih orbital. S spreminjanjem polarizacije vzbujevalnih sunkov smo opazili, da dxz/dyz orbitale primarno prispevajo k magnetnemu urejanju, medtem ko imajo dxy orbitale glavno vlogo v strukturnem redu. Ugotovitve te študije ponujajo nov vpogled v temeljne interakcije v kompleksnih materialih in predstavljajo osnovo za nadaljnje eksperimentalne in teoretične raziskave

Psoriasis and psychiatric morbidity: a profile from a tertiary care centre of Eastern India

Context: Psoriasis has an impact on psychology of the patients. There is a dearth of studies regarding this field in eastern India. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis and secondary objective is to assess the morbidity in all eight dimensions of psychosocial and physical aspects, i.e. cognitive, social, discomfort, limitations, depression, fear, embarrassment and anger. Settings and Design: Institutional based case control study. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients of psoriasis and equal number of healthy controls were included in the study. Self-reporting questionnaire-24 (SRQ-24) and skindex (A 61-item survey questionnaire) were used to assess the psychiatric morbidity in both groups. Statistical Analysis Used: "MedCalc version 10.2.0.0" (by Acacialaan 22, B-8400, Ostend, Belgium) was used as statistical software. Chi-square test was used as a test of significance. Results: The SRQ assessed psychiatric morbidity in the study group was 62.5%, compared with 18.5% in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Guttate psoriasis had maximum association with psychiatric morbidity (100%), followed by plaque type (63.6%) and palmoplantar type (42.8%). According to the skindex, the most common psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis patients was anger (58.3%), followed by discomfort (52.08%), social problem (52.08%), cognitive impairment (50%), embarrassment (50%), physical limitation (47.91%), fear (47.91%) and depression (43.75%). The skindex observed psychiatric morbidity among the case and control group was statistically significant for all the parameters (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Psoriasis has a high degree of psychiatric morbidity and the extent of this co-morbidity is even greater than hitherto thought of

Orbital selective dynamics in Fe-pnictides triggered by polarized pump pulse excitations

Quantum materials display exotic behaviours related to the interplay between temperature-driven phase transitions. Here, we study the electron dynamics in one such material, CaFe$_2$As$_2$, a parent Fe-based superconductor, employing time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. CaFe$_2$As$_2$ exhibits concomitant transition to spin density wave state and tetragonal to orthorhombic structure below 170 K. The Fermi surface of this material consists of three hole pockets ($alpha$, $beta$ and $gamma$) around $Gamma$-point and two electron pockets around $X$-point. The hole pockets have $d_{xy}$, $d_{yz}$ and $d_{zx}$ orbital symmetries. The $beta$ band constituted by $d_{xz}$/$d_{yz}$ orbitals exhibit a gap across the magnetic phase transition. We discover that polarized pump pulses can induce excitations of electrons of a selected symmetry. More specifically, while $s$-polarized light (polarization vector perpendicular to the $xz$-plane) excites electrons corresponding to all the three hole bands, $p$-polarized light excites electrons essentially from ($alpha$,$beta$) bands which are responsible for magnetic order. Interestingly, within the magnetically ordered phase, the excitation due to the $p$-polarized pump pulses occur at a time scale of 50 fs, which is significantly faster than the excitation induced by $s$-polarized light ($sim$ 200 fs). These results suggest that the relaxation of different ordered phases occurs at different time scales and this method can be used to achieve selective excitations to disentangle complexity in the study of quantum materials

Dissecting Mott and charge-density wave dynamics in the photoinduced phase of 1T-TaS[sub]2

The two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide 1T−TaS2 is a complex material standing out for its puzzling low temperature phase marked by signatures amenable to both Mott-insulating and charge-density wave states. Electronic Mott states, coupled to a lattice, respond to coherent optical excitations via a modulation of the lower (valence) Hubbard band. Such dynamics is driven by strong electron-phonon coupling and typically lasts for tens of picoseconds, mimicking coherent structural distortions. Instead, the response occurring at the much faster timescale, mainly dominated by electronic many-body effects, is still a matter of intense research. By performing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigated the photoinduced phase of 1T−TaS2 and found out that its lower Hubbard band promptly reacts to coherent optical excitations by shifting its binding energy towards a slightly larger value. This process lasts for a time comparable to the optical pump pulse length, mirroring a transient change of the onsite Coulomb repulsion energy (U). Such an observation suggests that the correction to the bare value of U, ascribed to the phonon-mediated screening which slightly opposes the Hubbard repulsion, is lost within an interval of a few tens of femtoseconds and can be understood as a fingerprint of electronic states largely decoupled from the lattice. Additionally, these results enforce the hypothesis, envisaged in the current literature, that the transient photoinduced states belong to a sort of crossover phase instead of an equilibrium metallic one

Electronic band structure in pristine and Sulfur-doped Ta2_2NiSe5_5

We present an angle-resolved photoemission study of the electronic band structure of the excitonic insulator Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$, as well as its evolution upon Sulfur doping. Our experimental data show that while the excitonic insulating phase is still preserved at a Sulfur-doping level of 25$\%$, such phase is heavily suppressed when there is a substantial amount, $\sim$ 50$\%$, of S-doping at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Moreover, our photon energy-dependent measurements reveal a clear three dimensionality of the electronic structure, both in Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$ and Ta$_2$Ni(Se$_{1-x}$S$_x$)$_5$ ($x=0.25, 0.50$) compounds. This suggests a reduction of electrical and thermal conductivities, which might make these compounds less suitable for electronic transport applications