Heuristic for the design of fault tolerant logical topology.

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in optical fiber networks is widely viewed as the savior for its potential to satisfy the huge bandwidth requirement of network users. Optical cross connect (OCX) in WDM network facilitates the switching of signal on any wavelength from any input port to any output port. As a result, it is possible to establish ligthpaths between any pair of nodes. The set of lightpaths established over fiber links defines logical topology. In our thesis, we proposed a heuristic approach for the design of fault tolerant logical topology. Our design approach generalizes the design protection concept and enforces wavelength continuity constraint in a multi-hop optical network. In our work, we first designed logical topology for fault free state of the network. We, then, added additional lightpaths for each single link failure scenario. Numerical results clearly show that our approach outperforms Shared path protection and Dedicated path protection. Our simulation result shows that our approach is feasible for large networks. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2005 .S24. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1413. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Cu(I)/Cu(II) templated functional pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes

Threaded complexes like pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes based on Cu(I)/Cu(II) ions have shown to be promising for the construction of mechanically interlocked molecular-level architectures. In this short review, we focus on the synthetic strategies developed to construct pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes using Cu(I)/Cu(II) ions as template. Further, brief discussions on chemical and mechanical properties associated with some of the selected to Cu(I)/Cu(II) based pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes are presented

Strategic integration decision under supply chain competition in the presence of online channel

This study explores the pricing decisions of substitutable products for two competing supply chains in the presence of an online channel. Each supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and an exclusive retailer and one of the manufacturers distributes products through the online channel. We examine optimal decisions under five scenarios to explore how the strategic cooperation between two manufacturers at the upstream horizontal level or with the retailer at the vertical level affects product pricing decisions and the performance of two supply chains? The results reveal that decisions for cooperation with competing manufacturers and opening an online channel are correlated. In the absence of an online channel, cooperation with their respective retailer can lead to a higher supply chain profit. However, if a manufacturer opens an online channel, then cooperation with competing manufacturers can lead to a higher supply chain profit. Under the vertical integration, total supply chain profit might be lower compared to a scenario where members in each supply chain remain independent. Consumers also need to pay more for products

The Causal Nexus between Public Debt and Economic Growth, A Multivariate Time Series Analysis: Experience from a SAARC Nation

This research paper enquires about the topicality of the dependence of Bangladesh s economy on public debt Several authors examined the bearings of public debt and economic growth in different counties and they provided mixed results about the direction of the relation This study is conducted to find out the causal relationship between public debt and growth from the perspective of Bangladesh s economy and we use export as a control variable We excerpted annual time series data from the World Bank website WDI IMF and fiscal year 1986 to2018 data were gathered One can treat budget deficit as the mother of public debt because the incarnation of the former usually precedents to the creation of the later Several econometric tools have been behaved as Augmented Dickey-Fuller ADF Phillips Peron PP Johansen co integration Vector error correction model and Granger casualty to explore short-run causality of public debt on growt

Short Run and Long Run Associationship between Real Exchange Rate and Trade Balance: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh (Johansen Approach and Vector Error Correction Model)

Several studies have tested the j curve phenomenon for Australia Japan South Korea New Zealand and many other countries using non stationary time series data and have provided mixed results They not only suffer from the aggregation bias problem but also the spurious regression problem To overcome this problem in this paper we investigate the short run and long-run effects of real depreciation of the Bangladeshi taka to the trade balance between Bangladesh and her trading partners In this article first we check the stationary of data set and find the stationary applying the Augmented Dickey Fuller test then applying the Johansen co integration test in order to find out the long run co integrated equations and last of all try to investigate the short run and long run relationship among the variables while we use the VECM vector error correction model and found that there is long run associations among the variables and short-run coefficients are statistically insignificant But for Bangladesh j curve concept have not been tested yet That s why we have chosen this topic and we incorporated several others variables to test the linkages on trade balance such as GNI as a proxy of GDP inflation rate NODA net officials development assistance and we have given more priory on the variable real exchange rat

Game-theoretic analysis to examine how government subsidy policies affect a closed-loop supply chain decision

The pros and cons of government subsidy policies in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) setting on optimal pricing, investment decisions in improving product quality, and used product collection under social welfare (SW) optimization goal have not been examined comprehensively. This study compares the outcomes of three government policies under manufacturer-Stackelberg (MS) and retailer-Stackelberg (RS), namely (i) direct subsidy to the consumer, (ii) subsidy to the manufacturer to stimulate used product collection, and (iii) subsidy to the manufacturer to improve product quality. Results demonstrate that the greening level, used product collection, and SW are always higher under the RS game, but the rate of a subsidy granted by the government is always higher under the MS game. Profits for the CLSC members and SW are always higher if the government provides a subsidy directly to the consumer, but productivity of investment in the perspective of the manufacturer or government are less. In a second policy, the government organizations grant a subsidy to the manufacturer to stimulate used product collection, but it does not necessarily yield the desired outcome compared to others. In a third policy, the manufacturer receives a subsidy on a research and development (R&D) investment, but it yields a sub-optimal greening level. This study reveals that the outcomes of subsidy policies can bring benefit to consumers and add a degree of complication for CLSC members; government organizations need to inspect carefully among attributes, mainly product type, power of CLSC members, and investment efficiency for the manufacturer, before implementing any subsidy policies so that it can lead to an environmentally and economically viable outcome