Physiological responses of sub1A QTL under induced dehydration stress for varying days in rice

This study analysed the rice genotype with sub1A quantitative trait loci that may interact with ongoing exposure of dehydration. cv. Swarna Sub1 had more nutrients efficiency with increased membrane permeability than cv. Swarna. sub1A QTL with its expression to water / osmotic deficit, however, indirectly to impede the oxidative stress under dehydration might help cv. Swarna Sub1. At maximum dehydration cv. Swarna Sub1 had 1.12 fold excess electrolyte leakages than cv. Swarna under dehydration. cv. Swarna Sub1 had better Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malic enzyme activity to secure carbon dioxide exchange. A proportional increase in enzyme activity all through dehydration stress maximize under light in cv. Swarna Sub1. At maximum dehydration cv. Swarna Sub1 at saturating substrate concentration was increased by 1.12 fold than other cultivar. The ratio of glutathione (GSH:GSSG) more depleted in cv. Swarna Sub1 through the dehydration period. cv. Swarna could be more promising to retrieve the activity by 1.80 fold than cv. Swarna Sub1 under maximum dehydration. Dehydroascorbate reductase activity was also maintained in cv. Swarna with 1.20 fold ahead than cv. Swarna Sub1 under same condition. As a biomarker of oxidative stress cv. Swarna Sub1 appeared to be less sensitive with the loss of protein oxidation, however, recorded with 25% less carbonyl content than cv. Swarna. Both the genotypes had scored a significant sensitivity with tissue specific distribution for reactive oxygen species as detected by histochemical assay

Socio-economic Structure & Sustainable Development of Indigenous Society: A Study on the Munda Community

The main aim of this research is to determine how to develop sustainable development for the Munda community based on their current socio-economic structure in view of their current condition The study is mainly quantitative in nature Koira and Dumuria upazilas of Khulna district and Shyamnagar Debhata and Tala upazilas of Satkhira district were selected through convenient sampling techniques for the purpose of collecting primary data because a large part of the Munda community lives in these areas A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 respondents from five preselected areas The respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique The data was analyzed in terms of statistical indicators of frequency and percentage The results of the study show that social indicators economic indicators and cultural factors are very weak among the Munda community Among the social indicators Munda women and men have very little interest in following hygiene rules sanitation birth control Economic indicators show income sources and job opportunities The Munda community has been facing many challenges recently Many educated boys and girls in the Munda community spend their days in agony due to a lack of suitable jobs which has a negative impact on everyone in the community Cultural factors show that the Munda community which is plagued by poverty can celebrate its cultural events in a grand manner so that other communities or ethnic groups do not get any idea about their culture This research will be of great help to those who work with the indigenous communities of Bangladesh especially the various ministries of the government NGOs policymakers and government and private research organization

Modalities of NADP-malic enzyme activities under light and darkness indicate its regulation with reference to C4 weed

NADP –ME is the key enzyme for decarboxylation reactions in C4 CO2 concentration pathways. So, Amaranthus viridis has been evaluated with regards to photosynthetic NADP-malic enzyme for its response under light and darkness. Illumination (1000–1200 µEm-2s-1) for 40 minutes under 2 mM bicarbonate (HCO3-) sensitivity increased activity by 1.97 & 3.77-fold over darkness under 4.0 mM and 0.01 mM malate respectively. Limiting (0.01 mM) and saturated (4.0 mM) malate concentration had significant changes in enzyme activities. The different kinetic parameters indicated had the feedback inhibition under illumination. The activity with the inducer (citrate and succinate) and inhibitor (pyruvate and oxalate) was significant with substrate concentrations. Dithiol had reduced the activity by inhibition of the diminishing effect of light activation treatment. Therefore, NADP-ME is stringently regulated by redox changes with illumination as a key factor. Moreover, the pattern of polymorphic gene expression may be supportive in molecular modulation under light/darkness. This study may support the role of NADP-ME as a biomarker for C4 weed species under oxidative stress through light/darkness

Cellular response of oxidative stress when sub1A QTL of rice receives water deficit stress

In this experiment, sub1A quantitative trait loci (sub1A QTL) of rice were evaluated for dehydration responses through different aspects of cellular responses. Through variations of dehydration exposure, rice seedlings recorded a significant increase in superoxide (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the former by 1.80 fold and the latter by 2.10 fold. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity fairly correlated with lipid peroxidation (r = 1.96). Both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) had similar IC50 values over the control at p ? 0.05. Reducing power of the extract had 1.31 fold increase. The antioxidant moieties like total phenolics and flavonoids were 1.04 and 1.23 fold upregulated under stress. On the other hand anthocyanin and glutathione (GSH) did not vary much under stress except at maximum duration of stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was initially stable but maximized at 8 days by 1.30 fold increase. On the contrary, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) was seen to be downregulated by 40.94% all through the days of stress. Catalase (CAT) activity followed a similar trend, but was not significant as compared to control

The direct and indirect impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on neonates: a series of 26 cases in Bangladesh

Background: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on neonates remains largely unknown in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We provide an epidemiologic and clinical report of SARS-CoV-2 infections in neonates hospitalized in Bangladesh. Methods: Outborn neonates admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital, a tertiary-care referral hospital, between 29 March and 1 July were screened for SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed clinical data, including chest radiograph and laboratory reports, and conducted SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing. Patients were followed-up for 27–75 days. A subset of caregivers was also tested. Results: Of 83 neonates tested, 26 were positive (median age 8 days). Most neonates were admitted with diagnosis unrelated to SARS-CoV-2: 11 presented with serious non-communicable diseases, 7 with early-onset sepsis, 5 with late-onset sepsis and 2 with pneumonia. In 3 of 5 chest radiograph, infiltrates and ground-glass or patchy opacities were noted. Two neonates developed metabolic acidosis, one developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Most SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates were referred to government-designated COVID-19 hospitals, leading to gaps in treatment. Twenty-three neonates could be followed-up: 12 were healthy, 8 died and 3 were still seeking medical care. Of 9 caregivers tested, 8 were positive. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 may have serious adverse effects on children born in LMICs. The virus likely contributed directly to two deaths, but the remaining 6 neonates who died had serious comorbidities. Positive SARS-CoV-2 test results led to gaps in immediate clinical care for other morbidities, which likely contributed to adverse outcomes. This case series emphasizes the need to understand COVID-19 in neonates in LMICs and its indirect impacts

Developing Global Leaders for Research, Regulation, and Stewardship of Crop Protection Chemistry in the 21st Century

To provide sufficient food and fiber to the increasing global population, the technologies associated with crop protection are growing ever more sophisticated but, at the same time, societal expectations for the safe use of crop protection chemistry tools are also increasing. The goal of this perspective is to highlight the key issues that face future leaders in crop protection, based on presentations made during a symposium titled “Developing Global Leaders for Research, Regulation and Stewardship of Crop Protection Chemistry in the 21st Century”, held in conjunction with the IUPAC 13th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry in San Francisco, CA, USA, during August 2014. The presentations highlighted the fact that leaders in crop protection must have a good basic scientific training and understand new and evolving technologies, are aware of the needs of both developed and developing countries, and have good communication skills. Concern is expressed over the apparent lack of resources to meet these needs, and ideas are put forward to remedy these deficiencies.Keywords: sustainable agriculture, developing regions, training leaders, smart systems, stewardship, women in agriculture, crop protection, universities, nanopesticides, communications, GM crop

Incorporating Density and Temperature in the Stretched Exponential Model for Predicting Stress Relaxation Behavior of Polymer Foams

This paper discusses an approach to incorporate density and temperature terms in the well-known stretched exponential (SE) model for predicting the stress relaxation behavior of polymer foams. We have developed this approach for closed-cell polyurethane foams (PUFs) and verified using experimental data for accuracy. The SE model was first examined using short-term experimental data to predict long-term stress relaxation behavior of PU solid (PUS). The corresponding model parameters were then extracted for PUS and two PUFs with different densities (PU404 and PU415) at three different test temperatures. Finally, an expression was developed in conjunction with the modified Gibson-Ashby relationship and the Arrhenius equation and validated for other foam density (PU420) and test temperatures. The predictions were found to be reasonably good with more than 90% accuracy