Att skola propra subjekt: en feministisk studie av entreprenörskap i skolan

This study explores entrepreneurship discourses in literature about entrepreneurial learning in Swedish elementary school and what subjects these aim to shape. The aim is to examine what motivates changes to entrepreneurship, how it is defined, and what political notions of the social and gender it establishes by using feminist theoretical premises, analytic categories of hegemony and subject formation. The empirical material is literature used in courses for school staff, and the method is textual analysis. The study shows that the entrepreneurial subjects are idealistically depicted, without flaws or material conditions, and built upon a successful neo-narrative about alignment to global market changes. The primary object is to foster an entrepreneurial epistemology, specific ways of thinking and acting in the world based upon a middle class masculinist ideal about individual and outgoing approaches and capabilities. The empirical material relies on the liberal notions of people as independent and without differences, which becomes problematic in their conceptions of gender equality that rely on the ontological notion of difference. Entrepreneurship in schools aims to create neoliberal proper subjects, project managers and bureaucrats, for constant growth. Gender equality is merged into the discourse as a positive value, while issues of power is absent

Arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis and intermittency in solar wind density fluctuations

The properties of inertial and kinetic range solar wind turbulence have been investigated with the arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis method, applied to high-resolution density measurements. Due to the small sample size, and to the presence of strong non-stationary behavior and large-scale structures, the classical structure function analysis fails to detect power law behavior in the inertial range, and may underestimate the scaling exponents. However, the Hilbert spectral method provides an optimal estimation of the scaling exponents, which have been found to be close to those for velocity fluctuations in fully developed hydrodynamic turbulence. At smaller scales, below the proton gyroscale, the system loses its intermittent multiscaling properties, and converges to a monofractal process. The resulting scaling exponents, obtained at small scales, are in good agreement with those of classical fractional Brownian motion, indicating a long-term memory in the process, and the absence of correlations around the spectral break scale. These results provide important constraints on models of kinetic range turbulence in the solar wind

Asymmetric Magnetosphere Deformation Driven by Hot Flow Anomaly(ies)

We present a case study of a large deformation of the magnetopause on November 26, 2008. The investigation is based on observations of five THEMIS spacecraft located at the dawn flank in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath, on Cluster measurements at the dusk magnetosheath, and is supported by ACE solar wind monitoring. The main revelation of our study is that the interaction of the IMF discontinuity with the bow shock creates either one very elongated hot flow anomaly (HFA) or a pair of them that is (are) simultaneously observed at both flanks. Whereas the dusk HFA is weak and does not cause observable deformation of the magnetopause, the pressure variations connected with the dawn HFA lead to a magnetopause displacement by approx. = 5 R(sub E) outward from its nominal position. This is followed by a rapid inward motion of the magnetopause approx. = 4 R(sub E) inward with respect to the model location. The surface deformation is so large that the outermost THEMIS spacecraft was in the magnetosphere, whereas the spacecraft located 9 R(sub E) inbound entered into the magnetosheath at the same time. The whole event lasted about 5 minutes

Decay of Solar Wind Turbulence behind Interplanetary Shocks

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Overview of APEX Project Results

The APEX mother-daughter project (Active Plasma EXperiments) was launched into an elliptical polar orbit (440–3,080 km) in December 1991. It consisted of the main Russian Interkosmos–25 (IK–25) satellite and the Czech MAGION–3 subsatellite, both with international scientific payloads. The mission used intensive modulated electron beam emissions and xenon plasma or neutral releases from the main satellite for studies of dynamic processes in the magnetosphere and upper ionosphere. Its main scientific objectives were to simulate an artificial aurora and to study optical and radio emissions from the aurora region, and to investigate the dynamics and relaxation of modulated electron and plasma jets, artificially injected into the ionospheric plasma. The experiments studied the Critical Ionization Velocity phenomenon and a diamagnetic cavity formation during the xenon releases, local and distant effects of the electron beam injection, spacecraft charging and potential balance, and plasma-wave interactions during the artificial emissions. Attempts were performed to utilize the modulated electron beam as an active transmitting antenna in the space. The theory of ballistic wave propagation across plasma barrier was tested in a joint active experiment with the Dushanbe ionospheric heater facility. In the paper, we give a short overview of the IK–25/MAGION–3 scientific instrumentation and methodology of experiments with artificial beam injections and we provide a review of the main APEX active experiments results, many of which have been published only in the Russian language so far. From a historical 25-years-long perspective, we try to put the results of the APEX experiments into the context of other active experiments in the space plasma