Gastroesophageal reflux disease in an area with low Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence

The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) prevalence and its risk factors in an area with low Helicobacter pylori prevalence is important to clarify. We analyzed the prevalence of GERD and risk factors in an area of Indonesia with low prevalence of H. pylori infection. We recruited 104 dyspeptic patients who underwent endoscopy in Surabaya. Patients were diagnosed with GERD based on the Los Angeles classification. We evaluated gastric biopsy specimens and measured serum pepsinogen levels. Interleukin polymorphisms were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Of 104 patients, 56 (53.8) were endoscopically found to have GERD, with most categorized as grade A; 48 (46.2) were classified as non-GERD. Higher economic status, smoking, and a history of proton-pump inhibitor use significantly increased the risk of GERD. GERD Questionnaire scores showed a positive correlation with GERD (P < 0.001). An association was found between antral atrophic gastritis and GERD (P = 0.030), and patients with GERD more frequently had severe antral atrophy than nonerosive reflux disease (P = 0.018). We found an association between pepsinogen I/II levels and GERD (P = 0.047), but with low accuracy. IL-1β -511 TT and CT were predominant among the IL-1β -511 genotypes, and IL-8-251 AT and TT were predominant among the IL-8-251 genotypes. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of GERD in an area with low prevalence of H. pylori infection, which could be associated with acid reflux. Smoking, history of proton-pump inhibitor use, and higher economic group significantly increased the risk of GERD. Copyright: © 2018 Miftahussurur et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLIMORFISME IL-1B-511 DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT REFLUKS GASTROESOFAGEAL Penelitian Analisis Observasional Cross-Sectional Di Instalasi Rawat Jalan dan Unit Endoskopi Divisi Gastroenterologi-Hepatologi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penyakit refluks gastroesofageal meningkat lebih dari dua dekade baik di negara Barat maupun Asia dan hal ini juga secara bersamaan menyebabkan insidens Barrett’s esophagus dan adenokarsinoma esofagus juga meningkat sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup dan meningkatkan morbiditas. Penyakit refluks gastroesofageal disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang berperan, salah satunya adalah polimorfisme genetik. Polimorfisme genetik berperan terhadap respon inflamasi host, metabolisme obat dan fungsi sensoris esofagus yang berhubungan dengan derajat beratnya penyakit refluks gastroesofageal dan komplikasinya. Peranan polimorfisme genetik dengan kejadian penyakit refluks gastroesofageal berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian yang ada masih menjadi perdebatan. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan polimorfisme IL-1B-511 dengan kejadian penyakit refluks gastroesofageal. Metode: Penelitian analisis cross-sectional yang melibatkan 52 sampel penderita dispepsia selama periode Desember 2018 hingga Maret 2019. Penentuan polimorfisme IL-1B-511 dengan cara diambil sampel biopsi lambung menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Semua variabel dianalisis dengan menggunakan chi-square dengan keluaran berupa nilai p yang dinyatakan bermakna bila <0,05. Hasil: Didapatkan rerata umur subjek penelitian 43,67 ± 12,15 tahun dengan jenis kelamin didominasi perempuan (58,1%). Distribusi polimorfisme IL-1B-511 dengan genotipe CT 63,2%, genotipe TT 57,1% dan genotipe CC 50% pada penderita penyakit refluks gastroesofageal. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara polimorfisme IL-1B-511 dengan kejadian penyakit refluks gastroesofageal pada subjek penelitian (p=0,539). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa polimorfisme IL- 1B-511 belum dapat dijadikan sebagai faktor risiko kejadian penyakit refluks gastroesofageal

Gastroesophageal reflux disease in an area with low Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence.

The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) prevalence and its risk factors in an area with low Helicobacter pylori prevalence is important to clarify. We analyzed the prevalence of GERD and risk factors in an area of Indonesia with low prevalence of H. pylori infection. We recruited 104 dyspeptic patients who underwent endoscopy in Surabaya. Patients were diagnosed with GERD based on the Los Angeles classification. We evaluated gastric biopsy specimens and measured serum pepsinogen levels. Interleukin polymorphisms were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Of 104 patients, 56 (53.8%) were endoscopically found to have GERD, with most categorized as grade A; 48 (46.2%) were classified as non-GERD. Higher economic status, smoking, and a history of proton-pump inhibitor use significantly increased the risk of GERD. GERD Questionnaire scores showed a positive correlation with GERD (P < 0.001). An association was found between antral atrophic gastritis and GERD (P = 0.030), and patients with GERD more frequently had severe antral atrophy than nonerosive reflux disease (P = 0.018). We found an association between pepsinogen I/II levels and GERD (P = 0.047), but with low accuracy. IL-1β -511 TT and CT were predominant among the IL-1β -511 genotypes, and IL-8-251 AT and TT were predominant among the IL-8-251 genotypes. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of GERD in an area with low prevalence of H. pylori infection, which could be associated with acid reflux. Smoking, history of proton-pump inhibitor use, and higher economic group significantly increased the risk of GERD