An empirical investigation to analysis the dimensions of cultural security: A case study of educational system

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of cultural security and its practical implications in a case study of educational system. There are several definitions of culture, which describe different aspects of cultural security. In fact, cultural security tends to show various behaviors, thinking, beliefs and other people’s perspectives in a society, which represents the overall circumstances. Cultural security and its issues make it possible to have a clear image of a society or community. This paper aims to identify the important dimensions of cultural security in terms of basic components of cultural security identified in a framework. Therefore, after identifying the components, using a questionnaire, required data are gathered from the universities of the city of Ilam, Iran and they are analyzed by SPSS18.0 software and its appropriate statistical tests

The study of TAAAA polymorphism in p53 gene and its association with colorectal cancer

زمینه و هدف: تغییرات ژنتیکی در ژن p53 با تومورزایی به­خصوص تومورهای جامد مانند کولون، ریه و پستان در ارتباط می باشند. تاکنون مطالعه ای در مورد ارتباط تعداد تکرارهای TAAAA واقع در اینترون 1 ژن p53 و سرطان کولورکتال صورت نگرفته است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی پلی مورفیسم TAAAA واقع در اینترون 1 ژن p53 در بین مبتلایان به سرطان کولورکتال و افراد سالم و ارتباط آن با سرطان کولورکتال می باشد. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش، نمونه خون 151 فرد مبتلا به سرطان کولورکتال و 180 فرد سالم جمع آوری و بررسی شد. پس از استخراج DNA ژنومی از خون محیطی و تکثیر توالی مورد نظر، تعداد تکرار و توالی TAAAA به­وسیله الکتروفورز بر روی ژل پلی آکریل آمید و تعیین توالی به­دست آمد. یافته ها: در این مطالعه، 5 آلل متفاوت از تکرار TAAAA بین 6 تا 10 تکرار و 13 ترکیب آللی (ژنوتیپ) مختلف در بین افراد شاهد و مورد مشاهده شد. بیشترین فراوانی آللی در میان افراد مورد و شاهد مربوط به آلل 8 تکرار بود. تعداد ژنوتیپ های هموزیگوت مساوی یا کوچک تر از 8 در افراد شاهد بیشتر از بیمار می باشد. بر عکس تعداد ژنوتیپ های مساوی و بزرگ تر از 9 (9/9 و 1/9) در افراد بیمار بیشتر است. به­علت تعداد کم نمونه ها محاسبات آماری ارتباط معنی داری را نشان نمی دهد. هیچ ارتباطی بین این ژنوتیپ ها با متاستاز و سن فرد مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گیری: مطالعات ما ارتباط معنی داری را بین پلی مورفیسم تکرار TAAAA در ژن p53 و خطر ابتلا به سرطان کولورکتال نشان نداد

Evaluation of intoxication in patients with acute impaired consciousness using rapid urine test tape; a diagnostic accuracy study

Objective: Determining the exact underlying etiology of loss of consciousness (LOC) can become a real challenge for physicians due to the broadness of differential diagnoses. The current study aimed to assess the accuracy of a commercially available strip for urine drug screening, in patients presenting with LOC. Methods: One hundred fifty patients with LOC were enrolled in the current cross-sectional study. The diagnostic accuracy of a multidrug urinary strip rapid test was evaluated in comparison to blood analysis as the reference test, and the screening performance characteristics of the rapid test for each substance were estimated. Results: The average age of patients was 46.21±18.59 years (72.67% male). The most frequent false positive results of the test were related to Benzodiazepine (21.5%), Methamphetamine (7.5%), and Tramadol (5.4%), respectively. The screening performance characteristics of the test tape were the best in detection of Amitriptyline with 100.0% (95% CI: 30.99 – 100.0) sensitivity, Cocaine with 100.0% (95% CI: 5.46 – 100.0) sensitivity, and Methadone with 91.54% (95% CI: 81.88 – 96.51) sensitivity, respectively. Conclusion: The current study reveals that employing a urinary strip test for detecting drug intoxication in the setting of emergency department can lead to significant false positive and negative results. Accordingly, relying on a urine drug screen to determine the underlying etiology of LOC should be done with caution

Bacterial Contamination of Sanandaj Azad Dam Lake in Kurdestan Province in 2015-16

Background and objective: Biological assessment of water resources is of particular importance and the presence of pathogens in these resources affects the health of consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial contamination of water including total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in the Azad dam lake.   Methods and Materials: In this study, Sanandaj Azad dam water was evaluated for the indicator bacteria during one year (from May 2015 to June 2016). Sampling was performed from five stations in the areas of lake, transients and river. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was accomplished by ANOVA and Duncan tests using SPSS 18 software (

Poly[aqua­(dimethyl sulfoxide)(μ4-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxyl­ato)calcium(II)]

In the polymeric title compound, [Ca(C7H3NO4)(H2O)(C2H6OS)]n, the CaII ion is coordinated in a distorted penta­gonal–bipyramidal CdNO6 geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions between the aromatic rings of pyridine-2,5-dicarb­oxy­late with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6166 (13) Å

Assessment of Dysregulation of HERC6 and Essential Biological Processes in Response to Laser Therapy of Human Arm Skin

Introduction: The widespread application of lasers in medicine, especially in the treatment of diseases implies more investigations to understand the precious molecular mechanism of the laser effect on the human body. In the present study, the prominent role of HERC6 in response to CO2 Laser therapy of human skin is investigated.Methods: The numbers of 16 gene expression profiles before and after the treatment with the CO2 laser are downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) are analyzed to find the significant DEGs. Gene ontology analysis revealed that HERC6 and a set of its neighbors played a significant role in response to laser application.Results: The expression changes of 52 significant DEGs were compared via heat map analysis and 27 significant DEGs were introduced as the critical genes which are involved in response to laser irradiation. “Thymidylate kinase activity” among 9 clusters of biological terms was highlighted as an important biological process related to the identified DEGs. HERC2 was proposed as a critical DEG which was related to several essential cellular processes in response to laser application.Conclusion: The findings from the present study indicate that HERC6 and the numbers of its first neighbors are involved in the essential cellular response to laser therapy of human skin

Investigation of the Volume of Food Waste in Qaem and Imam Reza Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran

Objective: Food waste is a progressive concern and is contributed to reduce energy and protein intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the amount of food waste in different wards of Qaem and Imam Reza hospitals of Mashhad. Design and subjects: This cross-sectional study was performed during one week in the Imam Reza and Qaem hospitals. The study population consisted  of 425 patients in some wards of two hospitals. We selected participants non-randomly from patients who are hospitalized in two hospitals. The rate of food waste was measured just in lunch meal by using the food residual observational check list. All statistical analyses were done through SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistic was used to define baseline characteristics. Independent sample T-test was used for comparison of food waste between main course and appetizer, crosstab and chi-square test for comparing the main course and appetizer waste based on sex, hospitals and wards and ANOVA used for comparison of age between different degrees of food waste. Results: In this study 13.9% of the patients left their food in plate entirely. Food wastage in appetizer was significantly higher than main course (P < 0.001). Also less patients in Qaem hospital than Imam Reza left all of their food (27.84 vs 22%) (p=0.003). Food wastage in the Heart ward was significantly higher than other wards (P=0.006). Conclusion: Food waste vary by the different hospitals and wards, so in order to decrease the food waste, serving meals based on the wards and patient requirements is a good solution

Nutritional requirements and actual dietary intake of adult burn patients

Background: Nutritional support of the burn patient is essential to optimize, host immune defenses and to promote prompt wound healing. Furthermore, the increased needs in calorie requirement of burned patients, the composition of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in their diet is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake and comparing with Reference Daily Intake (RDI) in adult burn patients. Methods: Sixty thermally injured patients who were hospitalized in a burn care Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad, Iran, were included in this cross-sectional study. Information about actual intake was collected by ‘nutrient intake analysis (NIA) through direct observation. Individual nutritional intakes were assessed with the use of nutritionist 4 software and Data was analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: The mean of energy, carbohydrate and protein intake was significantly lower than the mean total energy requirement and carbohydrate and protein RDA (

Effects of Hip Exercises on the pain Severity in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Introduction: Patellofemoral pain syndrome is associated with a decrease in hip muscles strength, especially abductor and external rotator muscles. Hip abductors with femoral control have an effect on the frontal plane on the knee valgus, and the increased hip abduction capacity helps these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of abductor and adductor exercises in addition to the knee exercises in knee joint pain in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Method: This is a clinical trial study conducted on patients suffering from patellar-femoral pain syndrome who visited the Sports Medicine department of the Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinic. The NRPS questionnaire was used to evaluate the patients’ pain severity SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The mean age of the patients in abductor group was 33.4±6.1 and in adductor group was 33.7±7.3, but this difference was not significant (P=0.1). The results of this study showed that in the abductor and adductor group, the results of all of the statistical tests on the change in the Scores of the questionnaires and tests after 6 weeks of training exercises were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). the comparison of the scores between the two groups showed only the difference between the mean scores of Step down between the two groups of adductor and abductor, which was statistical significance after exercises (P=0.03). Conclusion: Based on the presented study, 6 weeks of abductor and adductor muscle exercises, and specially abductor muscles, helps reduce pain and the improve joint function in patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome