Evaluation of effective indicators on formation of informal settlements of SHAHR GHODS

Iran has faced with the growing urbanization in recent years and if we do not adopt effective planning and efficiency in the face of this sudden change these challenges will become irreparable consequences. Informal settlements are one of the symbols of this change. But with a good understanding of the phenomenon of the change in attitude it can be turned into opportunities. The purpose of this study is identifying and prioritizing effective indicators on formation of informal settlements of SHAHR GHODS and tries to some extent know the situation in these settlements and by studying main factors creating and expanding these settlements, a few suggestions are given. Effective indicators of Informal settlements can be divided in three general categories, cultural - social, economic and physical – services. Thus the survey method was used and for statistical population the residents of SHAHR GHODS informal settlements have chosen by random sampling. The required information was collected using a questionnaire and factor analysis method was examined by SPSS21 software.The results indicate that the social - cultural aspects and physical infrastructure – service are the most influential factors in the formation and development of SHAHR GHODS informal settlements.Keywords: informal settlements, SHAHR GHODS, Factor Analysi

Engaging in the good with technology: a framework for examining positive technology use

The focus on the negative side of technology has become a prominent factor in the understanding of the interactions between humans and technology. However, there is a positive side to technology use that has been less investigated in scientific research. Well-being researchers have determined that it is not just the absence of negative emotions or experiences, but rather the presence and frequency of positive ones that matter most. Therefore, despite the scarcity of research on the positive side of technology, the present conceptual paper focuses on how technology may be used for the good to produce psychological benefits (e.g., greater happiness, lower loneliness, higher peer endorsement). Based on existing literature, we posit at least three directions for good interactions with technology: (1) “seeing good” by focusing on positive visual cues through technology use; (2) “feeling good” by focusing on good feelings that arise from technology use; and (3) “doing good” by focusing on positive actions that can be enacted via technology use. Based on the synthesis of these three components, we propose a framework for technology laden engagement in the good, dubbed as, the Engagement in the Good with Technology (EGT) Framework. Through this framework, we explain how these three distinct aspects of seeing, feeling, and doing good can co-occur and be interrelated, and in turn potentially lead to upward spirals of positive outcomes

Actions Speak Louder Than Words: How Should Attributional Feedback be Communicated to Students in Classrooms for the Most Achievement Gain in Mathematics?

While the role of attributional feedback on student learning and achievement has been previously studied in laboratory settings, the importance of these types of feedback in real-time classroom settings is yet to be examined. This study attempted at exploring whether attributional feedback is present in interactions between teachers and students in natural classroom settings and how much they contribute to students' achievement in mathematics. Using an observational coding system, 55 one hour mathematics classrooms were coded for three different types of attributional feedback: direct attributional feedback, indirect attributional feedback, and strategy feedback. Direct attributional feedback consisted of explicit statements that were effort-oriented, ability- oriented, or knowing-oriented. Indirect attributional feedback consisted of teacher behavior that implicitly conveyed attributional messages to students. Behaviors such as unsolicited offers of help, giving credit to students, abandoning students, and calling out student name publicly were coded as indirect attributional behavior in this study. In addition, "why", "how", "what" strategy questions and strategy statements were coded as strategy feedback in this study. The results of this study indicated that while both direct and indirect attributional feedback are present in natural classroom settings, there is a significant difference between the number of times each type occurs. Teachers are more likely to convey attributional messages to students through indirect behavior compared to explicit attributional statements. When these types of feedback were examined in a model predicting students' mathematics achievement scores, the results showed that attributional feedback on their own significantly predicted student achievement but when it was combined with strategy feedback a stronger association with achievement scores occurred. Amazingly, it should be noted that in this model, direct attributional feedback indicated a negative association with mathematics achievement whereas indirect attributional feedback and strategy feedback indicated a positive association. These findings reveal that attributional feedback play an important role in student achievement in mathematics and the most effective way to present students with these types of feedback is to convey them indirectly and in combination with strategy feedback

Integrating Multiple Time-Scales to Advance Relationship Science

It is widely acknowledged that social relationships unfold across multiple time-scales. For example, social interactions that take place over moments, hours, or days also shape relationship change and outcomes over months, years, and even decades. These processes likely unfold in the reverse direction as well: experiences over longer-term timeframes may shape how people interact on a moment-to-moment basis. The increasing availability of intensive longitudinal data and measurement burst designs, as well as creativity in the contexts and modes of data collection--including social media, text messages, and event-contingent sampling--have exploded the possibilities for advancing knowledge on social relationships across multiple time-scales. The aim of this issue is to forward methodological innovations, empirical findings, and future directions in relationship science through the study of social and personal relationships across multiple time-scales

Dyadic Cancer-Related Distress and The Role Of Mindfulness and Spiritual Well-Being in Couples with Cancer: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

The present study draws attention to the significance of considering mindfulness and spiritual well-being on cancer-related distress among couples with cancer during the pandemic. Dyadic data was analyzed among couples with cancer (80 couples; N=160) to examine the within-person (actor effects) and between-partner (partner effects) associations among links between mindfulness, spiritual well-being, and cancer-related distress through the use of the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000). Significant actor and/or partner effects were found for mindfulness and spiritual well-being in couples with cancer, a factor that predicted cancer-related distress. Spirituality seemed to only play an important role in patients’ own cancer-related distress (actor effect), with patients’ higher levels of spiritual well-being predicting patients’ lower levels of distress. On the other hand, mindfulness was not only significantly related to the cancer patient and partner’s own distress (actor effect), partner’s mindfulness was also significantly associated with the patient’s distress (partner effect). The findings underscore the need to adopt a systemic perspective that accounts for multiple, simultaneous adaptive processes including mindfulness and spiritual well-being as influences on cancer-related distress in the time of COVID-19

I Feel Loved When Other People Feel Loved: Cultural Congruence in Beliefs on Love is Related to Well-Being

Cultural conformity in psychological constructs has been shown to play a critical role in people’s health and well-being. The more people’s individual beliefs about a construct aligns with the cultural norms, their cultural identity is more cultivated, leading to higher levels of well-being. Considering feeling loved in everyday contexts as a social construct that people indicate shared beliefs and cultural consensus for, in the current study, we explored congruency in cultural beliefs on love and its association with well-being in the United States. 495 participants in the United States evaluated everyday life scenarios in terms of whether they elicit loving feelings or not. We examined the correspondence between people’s beliefs about what makes themselves (i.e., self) feel loved compared to what they think makes others feel loved and the cultural consensus on indicators of love. We then explored how individual differences in these correspondence measures are associated with people’s well-being. We reported evidence for the lack as well as for the existence of these associations using Bayes Factors in the Bayesian statistical framework. Results indicated that both self-other and self-consensus agreements are meaningfully associated with individuals’ well-being. Furthermore, when examining disagreements in self vs. other ratings of love, we found that one type of disagreement (believing other people feel loved in scenarios that I don’t), is associated with lower levels of well-being. This meaningful relationship to well-being was not visible in the case where a person would report feeling loved in a scenario while believing that others would not. Implications for well-being interventions are further discussed

Bibliometric Review of Well-Being Psychological Research

A comprehensive overview of the field and its future trajectories is needed to gain insight into how psychological research on well-being has progressed over time and what needs to be addressed. Previous reviews on well-being tend to have limited scope or contain subjective inferences about the state of research on well-being, resulting in fragmented insights and a lack of a comprehensive view of the research on well-being. To address this limitation, we used bibliometric methods to map the intellectual structure of the entire field of well-being science and provide a more comprehensive view of the research. We used a database of over 30,000 primary documents downloaded from Web of Science and leveraged three bibliometric methods: historiography, document co-citation analysis, and bibliographic coupling. The findings shed light on the (1) evolution of well-being science over time, (2) the underlying structure of the intellectual field and its current state, and (3) the future trajectory of the field and emerging topics. Based on our findings, we provide three future directions for well-being science: (i) embracing diversity and broadening the scope of well-being scholarship, (ii) transcending beyond dichotomous perspectives of well-being, and (iii) harnessing advanced methods and measures for a stronger scientific foundation. By offering objective insights and interpretations derived from multiple analyses of well-being research, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. It provides guidance and direction in addressing the challenges related to defining, measuring, and advancing our understanding of well-being, fostering progress in the field. Paper submitted for publication

Mapping the History, Anatomy, and Trajectory of Research on Well-Being: A Bibliometric Review of the Psychological Sciences

We used bibliometric methods to comprehensively map the intellectual structure of well-being research in the psychological sciences. We used a database of over 30,000 primary documents downloaded from Web of Science and leveraged three bibliometric methods: historiography, document co-citation analysis, and bibliographic coupling. The findings shed light on the (1) evolution of well-being science over time, (2) the underlying structure of the intellectual field and its current state, and (3) the future trajectory of the field and emerging topics. Based on our findings, we provide three future directions for well-being science: (i) embracing diversity and broadening the scope of well-being scholarship, (ii) transcending beyond dichotomous perspectives of well-being, and (iii) harnessing advanced methods and measures for a stronger scientific foundation. This paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners and provides guidance and direction in addressing the challenges related to well-being scholarship

Bibliometric Review of Love in Psychological Sciences

Project page for Bibliometric Review of "Love" research published in psychological sciences. Plan to use two bibliometric methods: historiography and bibliographic coupling