Fabrication of a highly selective and sensitive CrO4 sensor based on a N,N'Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminocobolt(II)hydrate.

In this work a membrane was prepared by use of N,N′Bis(salicylidene) ethylenediamino cobalt(II) hydrate (Co(SALEN)2) as an ion carrier, polyvinylchloride (PVC) as matrix, and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2NPOE) as a plasticizer for an ion-selective electrode used in the measurement of CrO42-anions in solution. The amounts of (Co(SALEN)2) and PVC were optimized in the preparation of the membrane. The response of the electrode was Nernstian within the concentration range 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-1 M. This sensor displays a drift in Nernstian response for this anion changes with the amount of ionophore and PVC. The effects of various parameters such as pH, different anion interferences, the amounts of ionophore and PVC and time on response of the coated ion-selective electrode were investigated. The response of the fabricated electrode at concentration range from 1.0× 10-6 to 1.0× 10-1 M is linear with a Nernstian slope of -28.33 mV

Association of Insulin Resistance with Lipid Profile, Metabolic Syndrome, and Hormonal Aberrations in Overweight or Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This cross-sectional study was aimed to better clarify the associations of insulin resistance (IR) with endocrinometabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Anthropometric measurements, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and the presence of IR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were assessed in 63 overweight or obese PCOS patients subdivided into insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) groups. Fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR were higher (p<0.001), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), glucose-to-insulin ratio (p<0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.012) were lower in IR group. MetS (p=0.034) and obesity (p=0.038) were more prevalent in IR group. For all PCOS patients, significant correlations of total cholesterol (TC) with dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) (r=-0.27, p=0.031), HDL-C with QUICKI (r=0.26, p=0.036) were found. Partial correlations also showed significant associations between TG and BS2h (r=0.30, p=0.026) as well as TC and LH/FSH ratio (r=0.30, p=0.032). When the patients were divided into IR and IS groups, significant correlations of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with luteinizing hormone (LH) (r=0.50, p=0.017) as well as TC (r=0.42, p=0.043) and LDL-C (r=0.50, p=0.016) with LH/FSH ratio were observed in IR group. However, partial correlation suggested significant associations of HDL-C with testosterone (r=-0.35, p=0.049) as well as serum LDL-C (r=0.38, p=0.033), HDL-C (r=-0.32, p=0.047), and TC (r=0.34, p=0.056) with progesterone level only in the IS group. The findings of this study indicated that lipid abnormalities may occur in PCOS, irrespective of IR

Development of a sensory-motor intervention program (proximal) and Effectiveness study on improvement of social profile and social interest of children with high performance autism disorder.

The aim of this study was to develop a psychosocial intervention program (proximal) and its effectiveness in improving the social profile and social interest of children with high-grade autism disorders. The research method in terms of information gathering is semi-experimental and in terms of its purpose. The statistical population included all children with high-grade autism disorder in Tehran during year of 96-97. Twelve children aged 6 to 12 years were selected from the center of autism center on April 2, and randomly assigned to control and test groups. The sensory motor intervention program was run for two months and a week for two sessions and each session lasted for 60 minutes for the group to perform. Social interest questionnaire and social skill profile were used for information gathering. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance analysis. The results showed that interventional program was effective in improving social interest and social profile of children. Due to the effectiveness of the sensory intervention program, the training of this program is recommended for all levels of children with autism disorder

Internet Dependence and Sensation Seeking in Youth With Moderate Cerebral Palsy

Objectives: The present study examined excessive internet use of youths with moderate Cerebral Palsy (CP) and their psychological states in Sensation Seeking (SS).  Methods: This study followed descriptive and correlation research design. Individuals aged 15 to 25 years with CP who were referred to Tehran rehabilitation centers were considered in the study. The study sample (n=150) was randomly divided into two groups of internet dependents (n=75; boys=45 and girls=30) and non-dependents (n=75; boys=45 and girls=30). Internet Addiction Test and Sensation Seeking Scale have been used for data gathering. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariable regression, x2 and T tests. Results: Compared to non-dependents, the internet dependent group reported significantly more negative internet influences on daily routines such as clinical problems, poor school performance, regular nutrition, and relation with friends and family members. Both the groups pointed that internet use enhanced virtual peer relationships and provided up-to-date information. Internet dependents (both gender) scored significantly higher on disinhibition sensation seeking subscale than the internet non-dependents. However, these two groups (both gender) did not demonstrate significant differences in life experience seeking and thrill and adventure seeking subscales, but their differences were sizable.  Discussion: It seems that internet applications direct or indirectly motive users to be online for more hours than necessary. This is true for CP patients given their motor impairment. Based on this research result, it seems that persons with CP because of lack of physical activities, motive by internal stimulus and seeking their sensation from external stimulus like internet application as well as for person with CP surfing in internet world and spent too much time on the internet is leisure time not activity time

Effectiveness of Play Therapy Based on Social Cognition in Children With Internalized Behavioral Disorders

Objectives: Internalizing disorders include disorders, such as major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and somatic disorders. In the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is recognized as a distinct group, but anxiety is a common symptom. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy programs based on social cognition in children with internalized behavioral disorders. Methods: This study was an experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The subjects were screened based on the inclusion criteria, then 20 children with internalized behavioral disorders were selected after the matching process, and they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (10 persons in each group). The intervention program was implemented in 10 sessions over 3 months. In this research, the Achenbach questionnaire (teacher report form) was used to assess students’ behavioral problems. Results: The results showed that play therapy with the social cognition method decreased the behavioral problems in children with the internalizing disorder (P≤0.05).  Discussion: It suggested that this supportive program can be implemented in a community of children with internalizing behavioral disorders

the study of role of motor skills for predicting social skill and challenging behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders

The present study is aimed to determine the relationship between motor skills with social skills and challenging behaviors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Descriptive- correlation research method has been used in this study. Statistical population includes all of boy children with ASD were accepted Autistic centers located in Tehran in1395-1396. A total of 50 boy children with ASD between the ages 5-14 years were selected as a sample by cluster sampling method. The participants completed Test of Social Skills Rating Scale teacher's form Gresham and Elliot (1999), Repetitive behavior scale from Bodfish (2000) and Ulrich Gross Motor Development (2000). Pearson's coefficient of correlation, regression and T statistical tests used to analysis of data. The result revealed that there were a positive significant relationship (P<0/05) between motor skills and social skills and there were a negative significant relationship (P<0/05) between motor skills and challenging behaviors. The result of Regression Analysis have been showed loco motor and control subject subtests could predict 48 percent of social skill and 24 percent of challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder. Considering, the result have been showed motor skills as a predictor of social skills and challenging behavior .It can be an effective factor in interventions for increasing social skills and decreasing challenging behaviors

Development of a Multimedia Training Program with Neuropsychological Approach and Evaluation of its Effectiveness in Social Skills of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders are group of neuropsychiatric disorders that occur in childhood and cause disruption in the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system in children. According to research results, children with neurodevelopmental disorders are weak in physical, cognitive, emotional, and social skills. This study aimed to develop a multimedia educational program with a neuropsychological approach and evaluate its effectiveness in the social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Material & Methods: In this study, initially, a multimedia educational program with neuropsychological approach was designed, and the content validity of the tool was confirmed by experts. The statistical population of this study included male students aged 7-11 years old with neurodevelopmental disorder in Tehran, Iran. Using the purposefully convenience sampling method, and after administering Stanford-Binet Test of Intelligence (Fifth Edition), 100 children with neurodevelopmental disorder and natural IQ level and above were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was subjected to 90-min 24 multimedia educational sessions with neuropsychological approach. On the other hand, the control group received no intervention. They were then followed-up after one month and a half. The required data were collected using Social Skills Rating System (Gresham and Elliot, 1999) as pre-test, post-test, and the follow-up. Findings: The results of repeated measurement MANCOVA showed the effectiveness of the multimedia educational program with neuropsychological approach in the improvement of social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorder (P˂0.01; Effect Size 0.35). Furthermore, it was shown that the effect of this program with neuropsychological approach on the social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorder was constant even after one month and a half. Discussion & Conclusion: A multimedia educational program with neuropsychological approach can be used to increase and strengthen the social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Effectiveness of the Integrated Rehabilitation Program Based on Vibroacoustics and Virtual Reality on the Visual Processing of Children with Autism: Treatment Reports of Five Patients

The visual processing disorder is broadly observed among individuals with autism. This study was conducted to develop an integrated rehabilitation program based on vibroacoustics and virtual reality and to assess its effectiveness on the visual processing of autistic children. This experimental case report was conducted using an Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) design on 5 children with autism referred to Zehnara Rehabilitation Clinic in the second half months of 2021. First, the integrated program was implemented for ten 30-minute sessions on 2 subjects randomly selected from among the samples. After determining the program validity, 3 more subjects were entered into the study. The sensory profile questionnaire-2 was used. The questionnaires were filled out at the baseline stage, at the end of each intervention session, and at the one-month follow-up stage. The visual analysis, the percentage of recovery, the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), and the percentage of overlapping data (POD) were used for data analysis. The implemented intervention was evaluated to be effective for all five subjects so that for Subjects No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the PND rates were obtained to be 90%, 90%, 70%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the integrated sensory rehabilitation program could be used to improve the visual processing of children with autism