Marine collagen as a source of bioactive molecules. A review.

Skins, scales and bones are the major by-products of the fish-processing industry. These by-products are not regarded as ordinary saleable products and are usually discarded causing a heavy environmental impact. However, marine by-products are a good source of collagen that could be extracted and further enzymatically hydrolyzed to liberate interesting bioactive peptides. Collagen-derived peptides may exhibit interesting antioxidant activity, potent antihypertensive activity, antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria, protective effect on cartilage, capacity to stimulate bone formation, and also other interesting activities (e.g., satiety, calciotropic, or opioid). The bioactive properties of collagen-derived peptides, and also their resistance to protein digestion, make them potential ingredients of health promoting foods.Peer Reviewe

Altered expression of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins in chronic hepatitis C virus infection-1

and 4 (F4) (Mayer hematoxylin, magnification 400×).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Altered expression of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins in chronic hepatitis C virus infection"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/8/133</p><p>BMC Microbiology 2008;8():133-133.</p><p>Published online 5 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2518161.</p><p></p

Altered expression of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins in chronic hepatitis C virus infection-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Altered expression of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins in chronic hepatitis C virus infection"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/8/133</p><p>BMC Microbiology 2008;8():133-133.</p><p>Published online 5 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2518161.</p><p></p

Altered expression of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins in chronic hepatitis C virus infection-3

Was observed principally in sinusoidal lining cells (arrow) and rarely in hepatocytes (arrow head), b) Bcl-2 staining observed in inflammatory cells, (magnification 400×).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Altered expression of cell cycle and apoptotic proteins in chronic hepatitis C virus infection"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/8/133</p><p>BMC Microbiology 2008;8():133-133.</p><p>Published online 5 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2518161.</p><p></p

Management of chronic Hepatitis C at a primary health clinic in the high-burden context of Karachi, Pakistan

<div><p>Background</p><p>The burden of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in Pakistan is among the highest in the world, with a reported national HCV prevalence of 6.7% in 2014. In specific populations, such as in urban communities in Karachi, the prevalence is suspected to be higher. Interferon-free treatment for chronic HCV infection (CHC) could allow scale up, simplification and decentralization of treatment to such communities. We present an interim analysis over the course of February-December 2015 of an interferon-free, decentralised CHC programme in the community clinic in Machar Colony, Karachi, Pakistan.</p><p>Design</p><p>A retrospective analysis of a treatment cohort.</p><p>Results</p><p>There were 1,089 patients included in this analysis. Aspartate to platelet ratio index score was used to prioritize patients in terms of treatment initiation, with 242 patients placed in high priority for treatment and 202 starting treatment as scheduled. 169 patients started HCV treatment with Sofosbuvir-Ribavirin regimen according to HCV genotype over the course of 2015: of these, 35% had Hemoglobin reductions below 11.0 g/dl during the treatment course. Among the 153 patients (85%) with genotype 3 HCV infection, 84% of patients achieved sustained virologic response at 12 weeks following treatment completion (SVR 12).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Outcomes of HCV treatment with all oral combination in an integrated, decentralized model of care for CHC in a primary care setting, using simplified diagnostic and treatment algorithms, are comparable to the outcomes achieved in clinical trial settings for Sofosbuvir-based regimens. Our results suggest the feasibility and the pertinence if including interferon-free treatment regimens in the national programme, at both provincial and national levels.</p></div

Sociodemographic and characteristics of chronic Hepatitis C patients enrolled in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan; February to December 2015.

<p>Sociodemographic and characteristics of chronic Hepatitis C patients enrolled in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan; February to December 2015.</p

Conditions for treatment ineligibility and treatment deferral in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan.

<p>Conditions for treatment ineligibility and treatment deferral in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan.</p

Percentage of chronic Hepatitis C patients who developed anemia while on treatment in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan; February to December 2015.

<p>¹ WHO. Hemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anemia and assessment of severity.</p

Flowchart for treatment among chronic Hepatitis C patients in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan; February to December 2015.

<p>¹ Sofosbuvir 400mg/day + weight-based Ribavirin 800–1200 mg/day + Pegylated interferon 180 μg/week Subcutaneous for 12 weeks ² Sofosbuvir 400 mg/day +weight based Ribavirin 800–1200 mg/day ³ Sustained virological response (cure)</p

Characteristics of patients in the priority list for Hepatitis C treatment and risk factors for delayed start of treatment in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan; February to December 2015.

<p>Characteristics of patients in the priority list for Hepatitis C treatment and risk factors for delayed start of treatment in a primary health care-based program for management of chronic Hepatitis C, Karachi, Pakistan; February to December 2015.</p