New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) у детей с острым лимфобластным лейкозом]

Currently, the researchers from various countries have demonstrated that COVID-19 in children is diagnosed less frequently, and the course and severity of the pathological process is less pronounced than in adults. Children with COVID-19 often have asymptomatic and mild forms. However, the risk of developing severe course of COVID-19 is typical for children from risk groups. Newborns and young children, congenital malformations and concomitant diseases, primarily accompanied by immunodeficiency states of various etiologies (oncological and autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus) are the risk factors for the development of severe forms of coronavirus infection. The article presents two clinical cases of COVID-19 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is shown that children with concomitant oncohematological pathology often have both mild and severe forms of coronavirus infection. © 2020 National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation. All rights reserved

A NEW APPROACH TO REHABILITATION OF JUVENILES WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

The article gives the efficiency findings of tonsilgon n phytomedication within rehabilitation of juveniles with recurrent respiratory infections. Medication efficiency was appraised by the noninvasive methods of the registration as to the colonization resistance of the oral cavity. It is demonstrated that the application of the phytomedication effectively restores the reserves of the mucosal protection held by the oral cavity, reduces the recurrence of the acute respiratory diseases. The medication is well tolerated and may be recommended for the application as a part of the sanitary actions in the given group of the patients.Key words: adolescent, recurrent respiratory infections, colonization resistance, rehabilitation, phytotherapy

COGNITIVE OPPORTUNITIES AND RATES OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

The study included 101 adolescents with increased blood pressure (BP). They undergo rheoencephalography, which showed considerable disorders of cerebral tissue perfusion, affecting different parts of blood flow, and depending on severity of arterial hypertension (AH). It was detected, that the ability of concentration of attention was lowered in adolescents with stabile AH, which allow considering cognitive abilities of personality as a target function to increased AH.Key words: adolescents, arterial hypertension, cerebral blood flow, cognitive function.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(4):51-55

COGNITIVE OPPORTUNITIES AND RATES OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

The study included 101 adolescents with increased blood pressure (BP). They undergo rheoencephalography, which showed considerable disorders of cerebral tissue perfusion, affecting different parts of blood flow, and depending on severity of arterial hypertension (AH). It was detected, that the ability of concentration of attention was lowered in adolescents with stabile AH, which allow considering cognitive abilities of personality as a target function to increased AH.Key words: adolescents, arterial hypertension, cerebral blood flow, cognitive function.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(4):51-55)</span

Non-pharmacological therapy for infantile colic

Infant colic is an inconsolable cry of unknown cause in healthy babies. Observed in about 20% of infants, the most common reason for seeking medical attention at an early age. Colic is associated with maternal stress and the most significant risk factor for shaken baby syndrome, and can also cause premature breastfeeding termination. Informing and supporting parents with crying babies is increasingly important, and some guidelines recommend it as a cornerstone of intervention in families with a baby with colic. Because of the high quality randomized trials, none of the behavioral, dietary, pharmacological, or alternative interventions can be recommended as the only effective treatment. Unfortunately, many mothers around the world associate their child’s anxiety with “dietary mistakes” in their diets, leading to further dietary restrictions as a preventative measure. At the same time, according to the recommendations of the experts of the IV Rome Criteria, dietary restrictions for infant colic in breastfeeding mothers can be recommended only if there is a suspicion of suspicion of tolerance of cow’s milk protein. It is also possible for any type of feeding to prescribe fennel and chamomile preparations, in particular, in the form of aqueous infusions, and when breastfeeding it is desirable to use a bottle and excessively large volumes, which can reduce the amount of milk in a woman. It is desirable to exclude unreasonable dietary restrictions in breastfeeding mothers by excluding the so-called “gas-forming products” and ineffective therapy, in particular simethicone preparations. © 2021, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved

Timely diagnosis of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in children and young adults with lipid profile abnormalities. Expert opinion

M.V. Ezhov1, E.Yu. Zakharova2, A.A. Avramenko3,4, A.S. Alieva5, I.N. Zakharova6, I.V. Leont'eva7, S.I. Malyavskaya8, I.M. Osmanov9, D.I. Sadykova10, M.L. Stolina11, T.V. Strokova7,12 1National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation 3V.P. Polyakov Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary, Samara, Russian Federation 4Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation 5V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 6Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 7Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 8North State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation 9Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation 10Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation 11Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation 12Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russian Federation Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a monogenic progressive life-threatening condition characterized by abnormal lipid profiles in most patients of all ages. Timely diagnosis and early pathogenetically-oriented treatment (available in Russia) are crucial for children and young adults since abnormal serum levels of lipids are associated with the onset and severity of atherosclerosis in adolescence, young and middle age. The prognosis of LAL-D without pathogenetically oriented treatment is poor. Data on cholesteryl ester storage disease (a variant of LAL-D in children and adults), early atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, aortic calcification, etc., are available. However, early diagnosis of LAL-D is difficult due to long-term latent course and nonspecific clinical signs. In December 2020, a panel of leading Russian experts in the diagnosis and treatment of orphan diseases and lipidologists was held in Moscow. This panel developed an algorithm to optimize the early diagnosis of dyslipidemias in children and young adults and identify patients with LAL-D in a total population of patients with lipid profile abnormalities. Keywords: lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, lipid profile, atherosclerosis, lipid center. For citation: Ezhov M.V., Zakharova E.Yu., Avramenko A.A. et al. Timely diagnosis of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in children and young adults with lipid profile abnormalities. Expert opinion. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):268–276 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-268-276. </p

Contemporary strategy of pulmonary hypertension management in pediatrics

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pediatrics is a polygenic multifactorial condition with extremely adverse prognosis. Selection of optimal management is a severe task. In absence of treatment the mean life duration in children is not higher one year. Last two decades, revolution in approaches to treatment improved the survival of this patients group. Recently, pediatricians and pediatric cardiologists have three drugs groups that act on the main pathogenetic chains of PH: endothelin pathway, nitric oxide pathway and prostacyclin pathway. At the moment, approaches to pediatric PH are based on the data obtained in the trials on adult patients. However, not long ago there were first randomized trials on children performed. The group of authors of current article presents a modern view on the problem of PH in children, and expert recommendations on children management. Class of recommendations and evidence level were set by the data obtained in pediatric population or on adult population with at least 10%of children included. To the strategy, developed by the Russian clinicians, laid the analysis of experience of the pathology treatment in Russian Federation, as the current practics and clinical guidelines on pediatric PH in Europe, and the recent trials published. © 2018 Vserossiiskoe Obshchestvo Kardiologov. All rights reserved

Contemporary strategy of pulmonary hypertension management in pediatrics

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pediatrics is a polygenic multifactorial condition with extremely adverse prognosis. Selection of optimal management is a severe task. In absence of treatment the mean life duration in children is not higher one year. Last two decades, revolution in approaches to treatment improved the survival of this patients group. Recently, pediatricians and pediatric cardiologists have three drugs groups that act on the main pathogenetic chains of PH: endothelin pathway, nitric oxide pathway and prostacyclin pathway. At the moment, approaches to pediatric PH are based on the data obtained in the trials on adult patients. However, not long ago there were first randomized trials on children performed. The group of authors of current article presents a modern view on the problem of PH in children, and expert recommendations on children management. Class of recommendations and evidence level were set by the data obtained in pediatric population or on adult population with at least 10%of children included. To the strategy, developed by the Russian clinicians, laid the analysis of experience of the pathology treatment in Russian Federation, as the current practics and clinical guidelines on pediatric PH in Europe, and the recent trials published. © 2018 Vserossiiskoe Obshchestvo Kardiologov. All rights reserved