Green synthesis and chemical characterization of copper nanoparticles using Allium saralicum leaves and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cutaneous wound healing properties

In recent decades, nanotechnology is growing rapidly owing to its widespread application in science and industry. The aim of the experiment was the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch aqueous extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. These nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to assess the antioxidant properties, which indicated similar antioxidant potentials for CuNPs@Allium and butylated hydroxytoluene. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were specified by macro-broth dilution assay. CuNPs@Allium indicated higher antibacterial and antifungal effects than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, CuNPs@Allium inhibited the growth of all bacteria at 1–8 mg/ml concentrations and removed them at 2–8 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In the case of antifungal properties of CuNPs@Allium, they prevented the growth of all fungi at 1–4 mg/ml concentrations and destroyed them at 2–8 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In vivo experiment, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): untreated control, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3 tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2 CuSO4 ointment, treatment with 0.2 A. saralicum ointment, and treatment with 0.2 CuNPs@Allium ointment. Use of CuNPs@Allium ointment in the treatment groups substantially reduced (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte and remarkably raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared to other groups. The synthesized CuNPs@Allium had high cell viability dose-dependently (Investigating the effect of the plant on HUVEC cell line) and revealed this method was nontoxic. The results revealed the useful non-cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing effects of CuNPs@Allium. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Developing an interesting electrochemical biosensing system from an enzyme inhibition study: Binding, inhibition and determination of catalase by ascorbate

By this article, we are going to report results of one of works which has been performed on investigation of the binding and inhibition of catalase (CAT) by ascorbate (ASC). To achieve this goal, different electrochemical experiments have been performed and their data have been analyzed by conventional and chemometric methods. Conventional methods were including direct analysis of the electrochemical data by observation of them and using simple mathematical equations while chemometric analyses of the electrochemical data helped us to obtain more information which completed the previous information and gave us a new insight to the binding of the ASC with CAT. The next step of our study was devoted to the investigation of the binding of ASC with CAT by molecular docking methods which gave us new information about binding and inhibition of the CAT by ASC. All the steps gave specific information which not only confirmed each other but also gave new information which helped us to better understanding the mechanism of the binding and inhibition of the CAT by ASC. Finally, based on inhibition of the CAT by ASC, we have developed a novel impedimetric method for determination of the CAT. © 2020 The Author(s

Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug formulated by iron nanoparticles for the clinical trial studies

In recent years, the experiments have revealed that plants raise the cytotoxicity and anticancer potentials of iron nanoparticles against several cell lines especially tumor cell lines. In the present study, we formulated a modern drug by iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) containing Glycyrrhiza glabra L leaf for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Characterization of FeNPs was done by TEM, FE-SEM, UV-Vis, and FT-IR. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed an average diameter of 11-18 nm for the nanoparticles. UV-Vis revealed an absorption band at 298 nm that is related to the surface plasmon resonance of FeNPs. FT-IR results offered antioxidant compounds in the nanoparticles were the sources of reducing power, reducing iron ions to FeNPs. MTT assay was used on normal (HUVEC) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-3, CEM/C2, TALL-104, and CCRF-CEM) cell lines for comparing the anti-acute lymphoblastic leukemia properties of FeCl3, G. glabra, and FeNPs. Iron nanoparticles had very low cell viability dose-dependently against MOLT-3, CEM/C2, TALL-104, CCRF-CEM cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the HUVEC cell line. The best result of cytotoxicity property of FeNPs against the above cell lines was seen in the case of CCRF-CEM cell line. These nanoparticles can be administrated in humans for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after confirming in the in vivo and clinical trials