Overseas Employment and Remittance Inflow in Bangladesh

Bangladesh met with regular and enormous labor migration to overseas from 1960s and it is still one of the most remittance gaining countries among the developing ones in Asia. Like overseas employment, remittances flow has been increasing every year with its increased share in GDP and export earnings which becomes vital elements for accelerating economic growth in Bangladesh. In this study, we found that there is a significant relationship between inflows of foreign remittances and overseas employment. Our analysis also reveals that unskilled manpower, insufficient government initiatives for exploring new overseas market for labor, employees’ reluctance to use legal channel for sending money are some of the reasons that inhibits the remittance inflows in Bangladesh. In this context, we think proper training, raising awareness and government active role will be suffice in ensuring inflows of foreign remittances. Keywords: Migration, Employment, Overseas, Remittance, Development

Jute and Jute Products of Bangladesh: Contributions and Challenges

Jute is one of Bangladesh’s main cash crops. The contribution of the jute sector to the economy of Bangladesh is enormous. In Bangladesh, Jute is a vital sector from economical, agricultural, industrial, and commercial perspectives. Different kinds of jute products are made in Bangladesh and the products are environmentally friendly as well. Every year Bangladesh earns an amount of foreign currency by exporting jute and jute products in different countries all over the world. That contributes to the national income of Bangladesh. Jute was once called Bangladesh's 'Golden Fibre. But this industry's present and future prosperity and growth are vulnerable. There exist many problems in the jute industry of Bangladesh, such as; lack of scientific knowledge and modern tools, market tools, unavailability of quality seeds, low productivity, inappropriate market forecasting, land fragmentation, natural calamities, conflicts and economic crisis in the world market, etc. Based on the existing problems, we will try to give some policies that may help to eradicate the problems and improve the present conditions of the jute industry in Bangladesh

The Livelihood Strategies and Food Management of the Small-Scale Fishing Communities: A Case Study from Inland Open Water Area of Bangladesh

Fisheries sectors are contributing significantly to a community from their livelihoods and food security perspective. Though, fisheries sector is supporting about 11% of the total population’s livelihood of Bangladesh but fisherman is one of the most vulnerable communities in Bangladesh. However, the livelihood of Small Scale Fishers (SSFs) especially who do fishing in the inland open water area are undervalued both in the global and national scale by the scholars.  Using a primary data survey on 352 SSF households, this study discussed the livelihood strategies and the food management behavior of SSFs of the inland open water area of Bangladesh. This study found that SSFs do fishing on average for 7.4 months in a year, and rest of the months they are involved in other income generating activities. Moreover, 61.93% stated that they have conflicts over fish catching. Besides fishing, 88.54% SSFs do agriculture labor as their part time income generating activities.  On the other hand, most of the households (71.6%) grow their primary food from their family firm, but 41.2% households struggle for their food on average 2.7 months in a year. Furthermore, 44.6% households reported that their daily food items are decreasing over the years. Additionally, 89.95% households reported that more than 50 percent of their annual income come from fishing. Keywords: Small Scale Fishing, Inland Open Water, Fishing Community, Livelihood Strategy, Food Managemen

Impact of Poverty and Inequality on Economic Growth of Bangladesh

The radiation of poverty in Bangladesh is one of the highest in the world and millions of people suffer from the anguish of poverty. The country’s poverty rose to 29.5 percent as of June, 2020 due to Covid-19, which was 20.5 percent in the last fiscal year 2019. Moreover, inequality make bad the persistence of poverty. This study attempts to focus on the poverty trends, economic growth and inequality in Bangladesh. Poverty is a multi-faced problem in the developing world and it is much more complex in rural setting. This study is also focused on to decompose inequality and poverty by rural, urban and national level household. The study is based on the analysis of secondary data which have been collected from different sources. The incidence of poverty has decreased to 20.5 percent from 31.5 percent in 2010. From the study, it is evident that, the incidence of poverty is higher in rural areas than that of the urban areas. This study tries to find the relationship among poverty inequality and growth. This study analysis GINI Index for income, Gini coefficient of per capita income of different survey years. The analysis shows a clear picture of the trend of poverty and inequality in Bangladesh. Using the Household Income and Expenditure survey of different years. This study attempt to figure out the relationship between inequality and per capita income. This study focusses on some problems of poverty and inequality and also mention some policy to eradicate of poverty and inequality. Keywords: Covid-19, Household Survey, Inequality, Per Capita Income, Poverty DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-10-10 Publication date:May 31st 202

Micro-Credit as a Tool for Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh

Poverty has remained a global phenomenon and has defied various endeavors at curbing it especially in developing countries. The high and unacceptable number of people within its grip around the world gave it a pride of place as one of the major goals of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted in 2000. Poverty alleviation was a prime target of the MDGs and micro-credit was recognized as a veritable tool for tackling it. Since the 1970s, especially during the new wave of microfinance in the 1990s, micro-credit has come to be seen as an important development policy and a poverty reduction tool.  In this paper, we examined empirically the effect of micro-credit on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh using secondary data.  The results of the study show that poverty level is still high among the rural populace; but those that have access to micro-credit seems to have managed better than those who have no access to micro-credit. In other words, access to micro-credit has positive but not significant impact on poverty alleviation among the rural populace. The study recommends that government should intensify effort in its recent financial inclusion strategy to ensure that the rural populace has greater access to micro credits. Government should also ensure that interest rate on micro credits are affordable, the terms of the credits flexible and the conditions attached to the credit well liberalized. Keywords: Microcredit, Microfinance, Poverty, Eradication, Challenge

Performance Appraisal of Selected Islamic Banks in Bangladesh

The banking system in Bangladesh plays a vital role in the progress of economic development. It works as the backbone of our economic progress and prosperity. In this paper, our attempt is to analyze the performance, development and growth of selected Islamic Banks of Bangladesh. The time span used for the study was elaborated from 2008 to 2012. For assessment, statistics were composed from five Islamic banks of Bangladesh i.e. Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd., Al-Arafa Islami Bank Ltd., Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd., Export Import Bank Ltd., and Social Islami Bank Ltd. There were following variables used in this research to compose statistics i.e. No. of Branches, No. of Employees, Total Deposits, Total Investments, Total Remittance, Net Income and Earning per Share. It is observed that all sample banks are achieved the strong growth of employees, branches, deposits, investments, remittance, net asset per value share, net income and earnings per share. The different activities of Islamic Banks have been tested by eight trend equations. Among them the trend value of branches, employees, deposits and net income are positive in case of all the selected banks. Square of correlation coefficient (r2) has also been tested for all trend equations. The r2 of branches, deposits and net income is more than 0.5. It indicates that the future of the Islamic Banks in Bangladesh is very bright. Keywords: [Islamic Banking System, Deposit, Investment

The Impact of Packaging on Customer’s Buying Decision

The aim of our study is to show the impact of packaging and on customer’s buying decision. By observing various literature, I construct a proposed model and to justify the model accuracy is used PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Models) SmartPLS 3.2.8. The outcome of my study revels, there is a very significant relationship between on consumer’s buying decision. Now a day’s consumers are very conscious and it is very critical to influence their buying decision. Packaging has that ability to affect the buying decision. Packaging also has a very significant impact on consumer’s buying decision.Keywords: Customers’ Buying Decision, Innovation, Packaging, Package Color, Package Design, Package Materials, Printed Information, Typography.DOI: 10.7176/DCS/11-5-04Publication date:May 31st 202

The quality of affording gain of tobacco farming and the decisive health condition of tobacco farmers in Tangail District, Bangladesh

Although cultivation of tobacco has a decisive health problem known as Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) for long lasting contract of green-leaves, it’s a well-known cash crop in LMICs. Sometimes, farmers face economic loses, when they cultivate tobacco plant under the whole agricultural land. It is minimized the qualities of leaf. For the reason is that farmers cannot endeavor the tobacco plant properly. This study explores the questions by an interpretive description methodology. The primary data are collected by using a well-structured questionnaire method interviewed randomly and unstructured interviews for the qualitative and quantitative data. The selected study area is Mokhna union at Nagarpur upazila in Tangail. Most of the farmers cultivate tobacco only for profit, health problems are not considered. The evidence suggests that farmers cultivate tobacco in a small proportion of their land and the other remnant area fulfill by producing other food crops like onion, tomato, wheat, corn, mustard and other winter grain. First of all, it will be reduced food indemnity. Secondly, tobacco farming augments are the probability of crux for health. This evidence also identifies that farmers cannot use personal protection equipment (PPE) The Quality of Affording Gain of Tobacco Farming and the Decisive Health Condition of Tobacco Farmers in Tangail District, Bangladesh http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 133 [email protected] as a fortification from GTS. That is why, they think that the profitability of tobacco farming is higher than the other crops produced in the same period of time

Impacts of climate change on the livelihood of small scale inland open water fishing communities in Chalan Beel area of Bangladesh

Small scale fishing communities (SSF) at the inland open water are among the vulnerable communities in Bangladesh. In addition, fishing activities could provide support to nutrition and food security, poverty alleviation as well as to maintain the sustainable living. However, their contribution is not being recognized by the scholars either nationally or globally. This study assessed the impact of climate change on the small scale fishing communities (SSF) in Chalan Beel area of Bangladesh from the vulnerability perspective, by using two livelihood vulnerability indices. First, by using the method of ‘Livelihood Vulnerability Index’ (LVI), and second on the method of Vulnerability Framework Approach of IPCC (LVI-IPCC method). The main objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability status of the SSF communities due to the climate change. In order to achieve the research objective, data on SSF households from three districts namely Chatmohor, Gurudaspur and Tarash were randomly collected. A total of 352 SSF households were interviewed. Results from the analysis of LVI and LVI-IPCC showed that the SSFs in Tarash faced higher vulnerability than the SSFs in Chatmohor and Gurudaspur. Besides that, this research also found that the SSFs are surrounded by various pressures such as food insufficiency, cash shortage, chronic illness, unsafe water supply, insufficiency of physical asset, lack of access to cash, unable to receive early warning systems on incoming disaster (EWS), and lack of involvement in social networking. Initiatives must be undertaken by the government to help improve the quality of life among the SSF communities, several changes in food policy, health services, informal credit facilities, training and creating more efficient EWS