An Integrative Decision Support Model for Smart Agriculture Based on Internet of Things and Machine Learning

The Internet of Things (IoT) has achieved an upset in a considerable lot of the circles of our current lives, like automobile, medical services offices, home automation, retail, ed-ucation, manufacturing, and many more. The Agriculture and Farming ventures signifi-cantly affect the acquaintance of the IoT with the world. Machine learning (ML) is a part of artificial intelligence (AI) that permits software applications to turn out to be more precise at foreseeing results without being expressly customized to do as such. It uses historical data as input to predict new result values. In the event, a specific industry has sufficient recorded information to help the machine "learn", AI or ML can create out-standing outcomes. Farming is likewise one such important industry profiting and ad-vancing from machine learning at large. ML can possibly add to the total lifecycle of farming, at all phases. This incorporates computer vision, automated irrigation, and harvesting, predicting the soil, weather, temperature, moisture values, and robots for picking off the crude harvest. In this paper, I'll work on a smart agricultural information monitoring framework that gathers the necessary information from the IoT sensors set in the field, measures it, and drives it, from where it streams to store in the cloud space. The information is then shipped off the prediction module where the necessary analysis is done using ML algorithms and afterward sent to the UI for its corresponding applica-tion

Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns and caries in adjacent teeth

OBJECTIVE: To assess the discrepancies in marginal integrity and contact points of Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) crowns and its association with caries in adjacent teeth. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dental Section of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January to August 2009. METHODOLOGY: Ninety six (96) patients with PFM crowns on maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were included in this study. Single unit PFM crowns that were part of fixed bridge with at least one natural adjacent tooth were studied. PFM crown with no adjacent tooth or badly broken down teeth were excluded. Marginal integrity, contact points of PFM crowns and caries in adjacent teeth were assessed clinically and radiographically. The data was collected on a structured Proforma. Fisher\u27s exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Marginal overhang and marginal gaps on the mesial surfaces of PFM crowns were observed in 17.7% and 13.5% respectively. Tight contact points and open contacts of PFM crowns with adjacent teeth were 15.6% and 17.8% respectively on mesial surfaces. Caries were present in 33.3% and 20% of teeth present mesial and distal to PFM crowns respectively. The association of faulty contact points of PFM crowns with caries in adjacent teeth was found significant (p \u3c 0.001). The association of marginal discrepancy with caries in adjacent teeth was found significant (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: A significant association of faulty contact points and margins of PFM crowns with caries in adjacent teeth was found

The Portrayal Of Women In Advertisements: A Critical Analysis Of The Role, Participation, And Empowerment

The study qualitatively explores several past and recent advertisements that have evolved, conflicting and defeating women's roles in society. The study further discusses how advertisements have accelerated the concept of 'emphasized femininity' (Patterson et al., 2009) through the inevitable maledominated population discussed by Brule (2020). It contributes to an ever-expanding challenge of gender disparity, stereotyping women and docile responsibilities, thereby propagating inequalities through the digital and printed advertising world. The objective of the research is to purposely select regular advertisements and their symbolic representation that might have promoted women's engagement, their struggle, either responsible for identity stagnation or an expansive identity. The paper has strategically reviewed popular content that uncovers to transform societal myth and women objectification in restoring their equal natural existence. The study concludes the usage and abuses of advertisement concordant to inter-disciplinary inquiry into the laws, policies, and sociopolitical activities within a democratic state

A Critical Analysis of Policy Initiatives for Empowering the Other Gender

Women account for almost 50 % of the populace of any nation; therefore, their contribution to growth cannot be overlooked. Females are unquestionably the foundation of every civilization, performing numerous tasks every day. They have, nevertheless, been a marginalized section of the community in many areas of the globe. Female’s roles in India have always been much larger than their social definitions, which reflect the overall gender prejudice. A country cannot achieve its long-term goals without trained women since women are the moms who write a generation’s destiny. Chetan Sanghi, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Women and Child Development, once said: “We would like to change the paradigm to women-led development”. In India, female rights have improved dramatically in the past several years. In India, a significant number of females are leaving their homes to pursue education. To restore their rightful and dignified status, governments, NGO’s, various agencies have initiated empowerment programmes that deliver a powerful basis to raising the internal solid point in addition to self-worth for the rural females. The Indian government has proclaimed 2001 to be the year of female liberation. The Rajya Sabha approved the Female’s Quota Bill on March 9, 2010, one day after International Women’s Day, guaranteeing 33 % seats for women in parliament and state parliaments. Now is the moment to recognize the importance of women’s empowerment via knowledge and leadership advancement in a fast-growing nation like India. This article aims to examine problems connected to female liberation and to provide solutions in the form of different government policies to achieve this goal.Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number (PSAU/2023/R/1444

Study on Non-Carious cervical lesions

Objective: To determine factors associated with Non-Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCLs) and the teeth most commonly involved in such lesions. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Section of Dentistry at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2005 to January 2006. Methodology: A total number of 95 patients with 671 teeth were evaluated using a pre-coded questionnaire. Subject of evaluation was teeth. Patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic NCCLs and permanent dentition were included. Patients exhibiting active, untreatable periodontal disease, rampant uncontrolled caries, xerostomia, primary dentition, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment or bleaching procedure were excluded from the study. Data analysis was done using Spearman’s correlation, Mann Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Mean age of patients was 50.3 years (r=0.22, p=0.028); males (73%) had more NCCLs than females (23%). Majority (45.3%) of them brushed their teeth twice a day, with medium type of brush (48.4%) and horizontal (73.7%) brushing technique. Most of the patients were non-bruxists (90.5%), with Angles Class 1 occlusion (48.4%) and canine guidance (50.5%). Majority (74.7%) of the patients did not have sensitivity. Conclusion: First premolars in all the quadrants were the most frequently involved teeth in NCCLs. More males had NCCLs. Middle aged patients were more involved. A weak positive correlation was found between age and NCCLs. No association was observed between hand used and site of NCCLs, between wear facets and NCCL, Excursive guidance and NCCL, Angles classification and NCCL

A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: THE MODERATING ROLE OF INDIVIDUALISM

The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors which affect the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of the university students of Gilgit-Baltistan. This research study mainly focuses on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and Hofstede national culture dimension of individualism. The quantitative research method was applied for the data analysis. The data were collected from the public sector universities of Gilgit-Baltistan with the total number of 362 final year students. Moreover, to test the hypothesis of the study structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) version 4.0 software were used for the data analysis and interpretation. The findings of the research are follows: i) attitude towards behaviour positively influence the entrepreneurial intention of the university students ii) subjective norms also significantly affect the entrepreneurial intention iii) perceived behaviour control has a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention of the university students. However, the moderating variable of individualism does not moderate the relationship between TPB and EI. Moreover, this research study provides a comprehensive research model which includes the behavioural, and culture factors that were analyzed and validated through empirical evidence. It is also one of the pioneer research conducted in the rural areas i.e. Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan

Educational Use of Smartphone among University Students: A survey of world-ranked universities in Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of smartphones in achieving educational goals. Moreover, this study also explores the required library services that should be accessible via smartphone. A quantitative research approach was adopted and a self-administered questionnaire was distributed among those students who currently using smartphones to answer the survey. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the purpose of the students in relation to use their smartphones. The findings indicate that the university students had a positive attitude to use the smartphone for academic purposes on average and across the board. They used the smartphones on the basis of priority to prepare class assignments, searching and reading course-related material, watching online lectures and sharing information with their classmates. They recommended that Information about new arrivals of books, e-journals, library events, e-books, online tutorials, OPAC, and e-databases are preferred services that should be accessible via smartphone. This study provides useful insights for academic institutions to offer the online learning platform supported via smartphone and also helpful for librarians to offer smartphone-based library services to the library patrons

Potential Use of Agro/Food Wastes as Biosorbents in the Removal of Heavy Metals

The production of large quantities of agro/food wastes from food processing industries and the release of pollutants in the form of heavy metals from various metallurgical industries are the grave problems of the society as well as serious threats to the environment. It is estimated that approximately one–third of all food that is produced goes to waste, meaning thereby that nearly 1.3 billion tonnes of agro/food wastes are generated per year. This readily available and large amount waste can be utilized for the removal of toxic metals obtained from metallurgical industries by converting it into the adsorbents. For example, mango peel showed adsorption capacity of 68.92 mg/g in removing cadmium II ions. Similarly, coconut waste showed a higher adsorption capacity of 285 and 263 mg/g in removing cadmium and lead ion, respectively. Biosorption and bioaccumulation are recommended as novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and less costly alternative technologies over the conventional methods such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and membrane filtration, etc. for the removal of toxic metal ions. Because of the presence of metal-binding functional groups, the industrial by-products, agro-wastes and microbial biomass are considered as the potential biosorbents. Thus they can be used for the removal of toxic metal ions. This chapter highlights the available information and methods on utilizing the agro/food waste for the eradication of toxic and heavy metal ions. Furthermore, this chapter also focuses on the sorption mechanisms of different adsorbents as well as their adsorbing capacities

Clinico-pathological profile of female breast cancer in Kashmir: an institutional experience

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and one of the most important causes of death among them. The present study tries to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and pathological profile of female breast cancer patients in Kashmir Methods: This study was done in government medical college Srinagar, department of radiation oncology. A retrospective review of 84 patients of breast cancer treated between January 2021 and March 2023 was done. Results: A total of 84 patients were taken for this study. Most patients presented in the 4th and 5th decade of life with a mean age of 45.5± 8.58. 50% of the patients were having T2 followed by 19.04% having T4 and 16.66% having T1 while 14.28 % had T3 stage. 32.1% of patients were having N0 nodal status, 25.0% were having N3 followed by 23.80% had N1 and 19.04% had N2 nodal disease.52.38% were having stage II and 36.90% were having stage III and 4.76% were having stage IV. 85.71% were having invasive ductal carcinoma, 9.52% were having invasive lobular carcinoma and 4.76% were having medullary carcinoma. 23.80% of patients were Triple +, 27.38 % of patients were Triple Negative, 25.0% were ER+/ PR+. Conclusions: The incidence of female breast cancer was more in the age group of 41–50 years. Stage II was more followed by Stage III. The most common histopathology type was invasive ductal carcinoma. Triple negativity was seen more in our patients.

Dichloridobis(N,N,N′,N′-tetra­methyl­thio­urea-κS)mercury(II)

In the title compound, [HgCl2(C5H12N2S)2], the HgII atom is located on a twofold rotation axis and is bonded in a distorted tetra­hedral coordination mode to two chloride ions and to two tetra­methyl­thio­urea (tmtu) mol­ecules through their S atoms. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯N and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds