As Vivências de um Grupo de Pacientes com Transtornos Alimentares: A Relação com o Espelho e a Imagem Corporal

A incidência de transtorno alimentar (TA) na população vem aumentando progressivamente. Dentre os diferentes problemas relacionados à alimentação, destacam-se a anorexia nervosa (AN) e a bulimia nervosa (BN). O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar como pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de saúde mental vivenciaram o aparecimento de sintomas de TA. Foram convidados a participar voluntariamente deste estudo dez pacientes em atendimento junto ao Hospital das Clínicas de uma cidade do oeste paulista. Seis concordaram em participar. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada. Os depoimentos revelam dois fatores que favoreceram o aparecimento de TA, segundo a ótica das entrevistadas: conflitos em relacionamentos interpessoais e pressão social para emagrecimento/estigmatização. Possivelmente, influências socioculturais permeiam as significações atribuídas pelas pacientes à sua imagem refletida no espelho, contribuindo para o aparecimento de distorções na percepção do peso e forma corporal. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem ainda que, muitas vezes, a tomada de consciência do problema demora a ocorrer. Assim, o envolvimento de familiares e o fornecimento de informações e orientações sobre a natureza do transtorno são essenciais no escopo das intervenções para tratamento do problema. Supõe-se que programas de natureza preventiva, destinados à melhoria do funcionamento interpessoal dos adolescentes, poderiam minimizar o risco do aparecimento de TA. Este estudo pretende contribuir com ações dessa natureza, além de subsidiar equipes multiprofissionais no atendimento aos pacientes

Switching from oral risperidone to flexibly dosed oral paliperidone extended-release: core symptoms, satisfaction, and quality of life in patients with stable but symptomatic schizophrenia: the RISPALI study

Objective:The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of switching from oral risperidone to flexibly dosed oral paliperidone extended-release (ER) in Brazilian adults with schizophrenia because of lack of efficacy, intolerability, or nonadherence after a minimum trial of 30 days on adequate (labeled) doses of oral risperidone, according to individual clinical judgment.Research design and methods:Subjects with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores above 78, and/or intolerable adverse effects, with risperidone received open-label paliperidone ER 3 to 12 mg daily for 26 (main phase) to 52 (extension phase) weeks.Clinical trial registration:Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01010776.Results:The intent-to-treat (efficacy) populations comprised 213 subjects in the main phase and 159 in the extension phase. of 213 subjects with baseline and post-baseline efficacy data, 154 (72.3%) switched from risperidone to paliperidone ER because of a lack of efficacy and 59 (27.7%) because of tolerability issues, according to individual clinical judgment. Paliperidone ER significantly (p < 0.0500) improved a broad spectrum of efficacy endpoints from baseline, as early as the first post-baseline visit (Visit 2; 4 weeks) and persisting through 26 to 52 weeks. On most efficacy endpoints, function improved from baseline to the first post-baseline visit (week 4) and remained significantly improved compared to baseline at each visit for paliperidone ER treatment, at weeks 8, 13, 26, 39, 26, and 52; data are reported herein mainly for 26 and 52 weeks compared to baseline. Significant improvements from baseline were observed for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score and subscale scores (each p < 0.0001 at 26 and 52 weeks vs. baseline); and personal and social functioning (p < 0.0001 at 26 and 52 weeks). Paliperidone ER also significantly improved health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36) from baseline, particularly on the Mental Component Summary (p = 0.0011 at 26 weeks and p = 0.0019 at 52 weeks). Treatment with paliperidone ER also significantly improved (vs. baseline) sleep quality (according to decreases on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; p < 0.0001 at each visit vs. baseline) and disease severity (Clinical Global Impression-Severity; p < 0.0001 at each visit vs. baseline). Paliperidone ER was well tolerated. Adverse events occurring in at least 10% of subjects in either phase were insomnia (14.9% in the main phase and 8.8% in the extension phase); increased body weight (10.7% and 12.6%, respectively); and anxiety (10.7% and 2.5%). Most of these adverse events were: 1) rated as mild or moderate; 2) did not prompt interventions such as paliperidone ER dose adjustment or interruption; and 3) decreased in frequency from the main to the extension phase.Conclusions:Oral paliperidone ER is a rational treatment alternative for patients with schizophrenia whose antipsychotic regimens are switched because of unsuccessful treatment with oral risperidone according to individual clinical judgment. Study limitations included the open-label study design, lack of placebo, and use of subjective clinical judgment to determine lack of efficacy, intolerability, or nonadherence with oral risperidone.Janssen-Cilag Farmaceutica Ltda., São Paulo, BrazilFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Janssen-CilagNovartisRocheEMS Pharmaceuticals, BrazilMoksha8Eli LillyBristol-Myers SquibbServierLundbeckQuintilesTevaCPPSSUniv São Paulo, Sch Med, Dept & Inst Psychiat, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Sch Med, Lab Neurosci LIM27, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Dept Psychiat, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilInst Psychiat Prof Andro Teixeira Lima, Sorocaba, SP, BrazilCtr Psychiat & Res SR, Ctr Psychiat & Res, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Dept Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Salvador, BA, BrazilInst Social Secur Civil Servants Minas Gerais IPS, Dept Psychiat, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilHosp Bom Retiro, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilFac Med Marilia, Marilia, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Psychiat, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Southern Santa Catarina, Neurosci Lab, Criciuma, SC, BrazilUniv Southern Santa Catarina, Natl Inst Translat Med INCT TM, Criciuma, SC, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Fac Med, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilFac Med ABC, Santo Andre, SP, BrazilJanssen Cilag Farmaceut Ltda, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Psychiat, BR-21941 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc