Green Computing: Save Power, Save Environment

In today’s world computers are most important part of human life. Because of speed, storage capacity & programming ability computers are used in everywhere in human life. But more use of computer creates harm to environment.Computer consumes more electricity.Toxit, carbon dioxide produce by computer material. But use of computer is necessary in human life. Existence of Green Computing toovercome negative effect of computer to environmentGreen computer provides way to lower the power consumption of computer system. It also provides way to minimize pollution by computer material. This paper gives idea of saving energy & environment which helps to save money. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15069

A Baseline Assessment Of Environmental, Health, And Safety Aspects And Impacts Associated With Lithographic And Digital Printing Operations Performed Under Ideal Work Conditions

This work examined various environmental, health, and safety aspects of two comparable printing technologies i.e. offset lithographic and electrophotographic digital printing, and evaluated their impacts on the environment and health & safety of the workers. It also studied the environmental behavior of these technologies with respect to print volume, and provides information to print manufacturers on the same so that they can use this information while deciding on technological selection. An effort has been made to bring attention of the print manufacturers towards the key environmental, health, and safety issues that will help them understand the importance of pollution prevention and safe work operations

Development of CIGS2 Thin Films on Ultralightweight Flexible Large Area Foil Sunstrates

The development of thin film solar cells is aimed at reducing the costs for photovoltaic systems. Use of thin film technology and thin foil substrate such as 5-mil thick stainless steel foil or 1-mil thick Ti would result in considerable costs savings. Another important aspect is manufacturing cost. Current single crystal technology for space power can cost more than $300 per watt at the array level and weigh more than 1 kg/sq m equivalent to specific power of approx. 65 W/kg. Thin film material such as CuIn1-xGaxS2 (CIGS2), CuIn(1-x)Ga(x)Se(2-y)S(y) (CIGSS) or amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) may be able to reduce both the cost and mass per unit area by an order of magnitude. Manufacturing costs for solar arrays are an important consideration for total spacecraft budget. For a medium sized 5kW satellite for example, the array manufacturing cost alone may exceed$ 2 million. Moving to thin film technology could reduce this expense to less than $ 500K. Earlier publications have demonstrated the potential of achieving higher efficiencies from CIGSS thin film solar cells on 5-mil thick stainless steel foil as well as initial stages of facility augmentation for depositing thin film solar cells on larger (6 in x 4 in) substrates. This paper presents the developmental study of achieving stress free Mo coating; uniform coatings of Mo back contact and metallic precursors. The paper also presents the development of sol gel process, refurbishment of selenization/sulfurization furnace, chemical bath deposition (CBD) for n-type CdS and scrubber for detoxification of H2S and H2Se gases

High Grade Muscle-Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in A 36 Year Old Male Patient: A Case Report & Review of Literature

We are reporting a case of urothelial bladder cancer in a 36 year old male patient with no history or exposure to any risk factors. The incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is very low in young individuals i.e. below 40 years of age with reported rate of incidence around 0.1-0.4 %. Most of the times, these young individuals present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with low grade and low stage. As the age increases, the incidence of high grade bladder cancer increases along with it. The index case presented with high grade muscle invasive bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis without any known risk factors. The 5-year survival of urothelial bladder cancer is better in young patients (93.8 %) as compared to older people(85.1 %). Cigarette smoking is responsible for development of bladder cancer in majority of patients followed by exposure to occupational carcinogens. Role of genetic alterations in development of bladder cancer is still under research and process of urothelial bladder carcinogenesis is unanswered in young individuals

POST COVID-19 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FORMICRO SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Micro small medium enterprises (MSME) are considered to be the backbone of the Indian economy. Its contribution to the Indian economy's GDP has been significant in the past decade. They have an important role in the development of rural and backward areas, thus reducing regional imbalances, Ensure a fairer distribution of national income and wealth. The unprecedented outbreak ofCOVID-19 in Wuhan province - China during December 2019 turned out to be pandemic that affects the whole world and paralyzes economic activities. The impact of this has It has seriously affected the MSME sector. This article examines the current MSME scenario. Based on above the background, the researcher tried to analyze the challenges and development forward for the post COVID 19 MSME secto

Knowledge-Aware Semantic Communication System Design

The recent emergence of 6G raises the challenge of increasing the transmission data rate even further in order to break the barrier set by the Shannon limit. Traditional communication methods fall short of the 6G goals, paving the way for Semantic Communication (SemCom) systems. These systems find applications in wide range of fields such as economics, metaverse, autonomous transportation systems, healthcare, smart factories, etc. In SemCom systems, only the relevant information from the data, known as semantic data, is extracted to eliminate unwanted overheads in the raw data and then transmitted after encoding. In this paper, we first use the shared knowledge base to extract the keywords from the dataset. Then, we design an auto-encoder and auto-decoder that only transmit these keywords and, respectively, recover the data using the received keywords and the shared knowledge. We show analytically that the overall semantic distortion function has an upper bound, which is shown in the literature to converge. We numerically compute the accuracy of the reconstructed sentences at the receiver. Using simulations, we show that the proposed methods outperform a state-of-the-art method in terms of the average number of words per sentence.Comment: Accepted for publication in ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications, Rome, Italy, May 2023. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2301.0346

IMPACT OF INTERNET USE RISK, ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE SECURITY OF THE WEBSITE, CONVENIENCE OF ONLINE PURCHASES IN INTENTION TO BUY ONLINE

The last decade has seen phenomenal growth in online sales around the world. This paper studies the impact of the risk associated with using the Internet, attitudes towards a website's security features and the convenience associated with online shopping, and how the three together affect the intention to shop online. Multiple regression was used to conduct the study. Cronbach's alpha and other tools to verify the reliability and validity of the data were applied correctly and the values ​​were satisfactory. Attitude towards website security was found to have the greatest impact on online purchase intent, followed by the convenience of online shopping. It also appears that the risk associated with internet use is negatively linked to the intention to shop online. It is suggested to highlight the security features of online stores and mitigate the risk associated with the use of the Internet. Online stores should emphasize the convenience of browsing and ordering from online stores

Semantic Communication-Empowered Traffic Management using Vehicle Count Prediction

Vehicle count prediction is an important aspect of smart city traffic management. Most major roads are monitored by cameras with computing and transmitting capabilities. These cameras provide data to the central traffic controller (CTC), which is in charge of traffic control management. In this paper, we propose a joint CNN-LSTM-based semantic communication (SemCom) model in which the semantic encoder of a camera extracts the relevant semantics from raw images. The encoded semantics are then sent to the CTC by the transmitter in the form of symbols. The semantic decoder of the CTC predicts the vehicle count on each road based on the sequence of received symbols and develops a traffic management strategy accordingly. An optimization problem to improve the quality of experience (QoE) is introduced and numerically solved, taking into account constraints such as vehicle user safety, transmit power of camera devices, vehicle count prediction accuracy, and semantic entropy. Using numerical results, we show that the proposed SemCom model reduces overhead by $54.42\%$ when compared to source encoder/decoder methods. Also, we demonstrate through simulations that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) and QoE.Comment: Submitted to a journal, under revie

Knowledge-Aware Semantic Communication System Design and Data Allocation

The recent emergence of 6G raises the challenge of increasing the transmission data rate even further in order to overcome the Shannon limit. Traditional communication methods fall short of the 6G goals, paving the way for Semantic Communication (SemCom) systems that have applications in the metaverse, healthcare, economics, etc. In SemCom systems, only the relevant keywords from the data are extracted and used for transmission. In this paper, we design an auto-encoder and auto-decoder that only transmit these keywords and, respectively, recover the data using the received keywords and the shared knowledge. This SemCom system is used in a setup in which the receiver allocates various categories of the same dataset collected from the transmitter, which differ in size and accuracy, to a number of users. This scenario is formulated using an optimization problem called the data allocation problem (DAP). We show that it is NP-complete and propose a greedy algorithm to solve it. Using simulations, we show that the proposed methods for SemCom system design outperform state-of-the-art methods in terms of average number of words per sentence for a given accuracy, and that the proposed greedy algorithm solution of the DAP performs significantly close to the optimal solution.Comment: Accepted for publication at IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. It is an expanded version of the conference paper, which was presented at the IEEE ICC 2023. DOI: 10.1109/ICC45041.2023.1027877