1,368 research outputs found
Nonlinear dynamic intertwining of rods with self-contact
Twisted marine cables on the sea floor can form highly contorted
three-dimensional loops that resemble tangles. Such tangles or hockles are
topologically equivalent to the plectomenes that form in supercoiled DNA
molecules. The dynamic evolution of these intertwined loops is studied herein
using a computational rod model that explicitly accounts for dynamic
self-contact. Numerical solutions are presented for an illustrative example of
a long rod subjected to increasing twist at one end. The solutions reveal the
dynamic evolution of the rod from an initially straight state, through a
buckled state in the approximate form of a helix, through the dynamic collapse
of this helix into a near-planar loop with one site of self-contact, and the
subsequent intertwining of this loop with multiple sites of self-contact. This
evolution is controlled by the dynamic conversion of torsional strain energy to
bending strain energy or, alternatively by the dynamic conversion of twist (Tw)
to writhe (Wr).
KEY WORDS Rod Dynamics, Self-contact, Intertwining, DNA Supercoiling, Cable
HocklingComment: 35 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Proceedings of the Royal Society A:
Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science
Current-induced phase control in charged-ordered Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 crystals
Single crystals of Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 show current-induced
insulator-metal transitions at low temperatures. In addition, the
charge-ordering transition temperature decreases with increasing current. The
electroresistive ratio, defined as r0.5/rI where r0.5 is the resistivity at a
current of 0.5 mA and rI the resistivity at a given applied current, I, varies
markedly with temperature and the value of I. Thermal hysteresis observed in
Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 at the insulator-metal transition indicates
that the transition is first-order. The current-induced changes are comparable
to those induced by magnetic fields, and the insulator-metal transition in
Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 is accordingly associated with a larger drop in resistivity.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, first submitted to submitted to J. Phys. D;
applied physics on 18th march 200
Configurational Entropy of Self Propelled Glass Formers
The configurational entropy is an indispensable tool to describe super-cooled
liquids near the glass transition. Its calculation requires the enumeration of
the basins in the potential energy landscape and when available, it reveals a
direct connection with the relaxation time of the liquid. While there are
several reports on the measurement of configurational entropy in passive
liquids, very little is understood about its role in active liquids which have
a propensity to undergo a glass transition at low temperatures. In this paper,
we report a careful calculation of the configurational entropy in a model glass
former where the constituent units are self propelled. We show that unlike
passive liquids, the anharmonic contribution to the glass entropy in these
self-propelled liquids can be of the same order as the harmonic contribution,
and therefore must be included in the calculation of the configurational
entropy. Our extracted configurational entropy is in good agreement with the
generalized Adam-Gibbs relation predicted by the random first order transition
theory enabling us to deduce a scaling relation between the configurational
entropy and the point-to-set length scale in these active systems. Our findings
could be of great utility in conventional active systems such as self-propelled
granules, Janus particles and dense bacterial suspensions, to mention a few
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