125 research outputs found
Sorptive removal of short‑chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during drinking water treatment using activated carbon and anion exchanger
Laboratory tests and column tests were carried out in a waterwoks to investigate the removal of short- and longchain
PFAS using activated carbon filtration and ion exchange treatment. For all adsorbents, the sorption affinity of
short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) was significantly lower than that of long-chain PFAS or
short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA). In the PFAS-polluted groundwater matrix, the short-chain
PFCA PFBA and PFPeA could only be sufficiently removed with activated carbon over short run times of 6000 and
11,000 bed volumes (BV), respectively. Longer PFCA with a chain length of C6 or more were removed over longer run
times.
The removal of short-chain PFCA using ion exchange media could also only be achieved over relatively short run
times of 5000 BV for PFBA, 10,000BV for PFPeA and 18,000 BV for PFHxA. These are sometimes significantly longer than
those of activated carbon. Due to the higher material costs for ion exchange media, there are nevertheless no lower
operating costs when the ion exchangers are used in single-use mode. However, ion exchangers can be regenerated
and then reused which can result in economic advantages compared to activated carbon filtration. However, for the
extensive regeneration, especially for the elution of the long-chain PFAS, the additional use of ethanol is needed in
the process. In contrast, the short-chain PFBA and PFPeA can be extracted without organic solvent from a weakly
basic ion exchanger
Erratum to: Biodegradability and ecotoxicity of commercially available geothermal heat transfer fluids
Tierarten und GroĂźpilze der Lebensraumtypen des Anhangs I der FFH-Richtlinie
Die Zusammenstellung der Liste der charakteristischen Tierarten erfolgte analog der vom LAU (2002) geschilderten Vorgehensweise. Inzwischen konnten durch die vom LAU in den FFH-LRT Sachsen-Anhalts durchgeführten intensiven faunistischen Untersuchungen ein besseres Bild der charakteristischen und regional typischen Artengemeinschaften vermittelt werden. Allerdings stehen für einige der neu aufgenommenen FFH-LRT solche Untersuchungen noch aus. Deshalb werden hier in naher Zukunft verstärkte Anstrengungen nötig sein, die Wissenslücken zu schließen
SchussenAktivplus: reduction of micropollutants and of potentially pathogenic bacteria for further water quality improvement of the river Schussen, a tributary of Lake Constance, Germany
The project focuses on the efficiency of combined technologies to reduce the release of micropollutants and bacteria into surface waters via sewage treatment plants of different size and via stormwater overflow basins of different types. As a model river in a highly populated catchment area, the river Schussen and, as a control, the river Argen, two tributaries of Lake Constance, Southern Germany, are under investigation in this project. The efficiency of the different cleaning technologies is monitored by a wide range of exposure and effect analyses including chemical and microbiological techniques as well as effect studies ranging from molecules to communities
245 Prevalence and prognosis role of various conduction disturbances in patients with Brugada syndrome
Microcantilever-integrated photonic circuits for broadband laser beam scanning
Laser beam scanning is central to many applications, including displays,
microscopy, three-dimensional mapping, and quantum information. Reducing the
scanners to microchip form factors has spurred the development of
very-large-scale photonic integrated circuits of optical phased arrays and
focal plane switched arrays. An outstanding challenge remains to simultaneously
achieve a compact footprint, broad wavelength operation, and low power
consumption. Here, we introduce a laser beam scanner that meets these
requirements. Using microcantilevers embedded with silicon nitride nanophotonic
circuitry, we demonstrate broadband, one- and two-dimensional steering of light
with wavelengths from 410 nm to 700 nm. The microcantilevers have ultracompact
~0.1 mm areas, consume ~31 to 46 mW of power, are simple to control, and
emit a single light beam. The microcantilevers are monolithically integrated in
an active photonic platform on 200-mm silicon wafers. The
microcantilever-integrated photonic circuits miniaturize and simplify light
projectors to enable versatile, power-efficient, and broadband laser scanner
microchips
Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) reliably stratifies octogenarians in German ICUs: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Background: In intensive care units (ICU) octogenarians become a routine patients group with aggravated therapeutic and diagnostic decision-making. Due to increased mortality and a reduced quality of life in this high-risk population, medical decision-making a fortiori requires an optimum of risk stratification. Recently, the VIP-1 trial prospectively observed that the clinical frailty scale (CFS) performed well in ICU patients in overall-survival and short-term outcome prediction. However, it is known that healthcare systems differ in the 21 countries contributing to the VIP-1 trial. Hence, our main focus was to investigate whether the CFS is usable for risk stratification in octogenarians admitted to diversified and high tech German ICUs.
Methods: This multicentre prospective cohort study analyses very old patients admitted to 20 German ICUs as a sub-analysis of the VIP-1 trial. Three hundred and eight patients of 80Â years of age or older admitted consecutively to participating ICUs. CFS, cause of admission, APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA scores, use of ICU resources and ICU- and 30-day mortality were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.
Results: Patients had a median age of 84 [IQR 82–87] years and a mean CFS of 4.75 (± 1.6 standard-deviation) points. More than half of the patients (53.6%) were classified as frail (CFS ≥ 5). ICU-mortality was 17.3% and 30-day mortality was 31.2%. The cause of admission (planned vs. unplanned), (OR 5.74) and the CFS (OR 1.44 per point increase) were independent predictors of 30-day survival.
Conclusions: The CFS is an easy determinable valuable tool for prediction of 30-day ICU survival in octogenarians, thus, it may facilitate decision-making for intensive care givers in Germany.
Trial registration: The VIP-1 study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03134807 ) on May 1, 2017
Methodik
Die vegetationskundliche und strukturelle Zuordnung der Lebensraumtypen erfolgt nach der vorrangig von Braun-Blanquet entwickelten Vegetationsklassifizierung, einer hierarchischen Gliederung der Vegetationstypen (Syntaxonomie), die die Ebenen der Assoziation, des Verbandes, der Ordnung und der Klasse umfasst. Hierbei ist die Assoziation die grundlegende Einheit, in der die Pflanzengesellschaften zusammengefasst werden, die sich durch gleiche charakteristische Arten(gruppen)kombinationen auszeichnen. Der Verband vereinigt ähnliche Assoziationen. Das sind bereits umfassendere, jedoch standörtlich noch recht einheitliche Vegetationseinheiten. In Ordnungen werden ähnliche Verbände zusammengefasst. Die Klasse vereinigt ähnliche Ordnungen
Acute physical exercise can influence the accuracy of metacognitive judgments
Acute exercise generally benefits memory but little research has examined how exercise
affects metacognition (knowledge of memory performance). We show that a single bout of
exercise can influence metacognition in paired-associate learning. Participants completed 30-
min of moderate-intensity exercise before or after studying a series of word pairs (cloudivory), and completed cued-recall (cloud-?; Experiments 1 & 2) and recognition memory tests
(cloud-? spoon; ivory; drill; choir; Experiment 2). Participants made judgments of learning
prior to cued-recall tests (JOLs; predicted likelihood of recalling the second word of each pair
when shown the first) and feeling-of-knowing judgments prior to recognition tests (FOK;
predicted likelihood of recognizing the second word from four alternatives). Compared to noexercise control conditions, exercise before encoding enhanced cued-recall in Experiment 1
but not Experiment 2 and did not affect recognition. Exercise after encoding did not influence
memory. In conditions where exercise did not benefit memory, it increased JOLs and FOK
judgments relative to accuracy (Experiments 1 & 2) and impaired the relative accuracy of
JOLs (ability to distinguish remembered from non-remembered items; Experiment 2). Acute
exercise seems to signal likely remembering; this has implications for understanding the
effects of exercise on metacognition, and for incorporating exercise into study routines
Generierung und phänotypische Analyse von Proteinkinase Cd/e-doppeldefizienten Mäusen.
[no abstract
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