I love being a midwife; it\u27s who I am : A Glaserian Grounded Theory Study of why midwives stay in midwifery

Aims and objectives: To understand why Western Australian (WA) midwives choose to remain in the profession. Background: Midwifery shortages and the inability to retain midwives in the midwifery profession is a global problem. The need for effective midwifery staff retention strategies to be implemented is therefore urgent, as is the need for evidence to inform those strategies. Design: Glaserian grounded theory (GT) methodology was used with constant comparative analysis. Methods: Fourteen midwives currently working clinically area were interviewed about why they remain in the profession. The GT process of constant comparative analysis resulted in an overarching core category emerging. The study is reported in accordance with Tong and associates’ (2007) Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Results: The core category derived from the data was labelled—“I love being a midwife; it\u27s who I am.” The three major categories that underpin the core category are labelled as follows: “The people I work with make all the difference”; “I want to be ‘with woman’ so I can make a difference”; and “I feel a responsibility to pass on my skills, knowledge and wisdom to the next generation.” Conclusion: It emerged from the data that midwives’ ability to be “with woman” and the difference they feel they make to them, the people they work with and the opportunity to “grow” the next generation together underpin a compelling new middle‐range theory of the phenomenon of interest. Relevance to clinical practice: The theory that emerged and the insights it provides will be of interest to healthcare leaders, who may wish to use it to help develop midwifery workforce policy and practice, and by extension to optimise midwives’ job satisfaction, and facilitate the retention of midwives both locally and across Australia

Withanolides-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Death Is Correlated with Their Ability to Inhibit Heat Protein 90

Withanolides are a large group of steroidal lactones found in Solanaceae plants that exhibit potential anticancer activities. We have previously demonstrated that a withanolide, tubocapsenolide A, induced cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, which was associated with the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). To investigate whether other withanolides are also capable of inhibiting Hsp90 and to analyze the structure-activity relationships, nine withanolides with different structural properties were tested in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in the present study. Our data show that the 2,3-unsaturated double bond-containing withanolides inhibited Hsp90 function, as evidenced by selective depletion of Hsp90 client proteins and induction of Hsp70. The inhibitory effect of the withanolides on Hsp90 chaperone activity was further confirmed using in vivo heat shock luciferase activity recovery assays. Importantly, Hsp90 inhibition by the withanolides was correlated with their ability to induce cancer cell death. In addition, the withanolides reduced constitutive NF-κB activation by depleting IκB kinase complex (IKK) through inhibition of Hsp90. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cells, the withanolides also reduced the expression of ER, and this may be partly due to Hsp90 inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that Hsp90 inhibition is a general feature of cytotoxic withanolides and plays an important role in their anticancer activity

Bone Marrow Transplantation Results in Human Donor Blood Cells Acquiring and Displaying Mouse Recipient Class I MHC and CD45 Antigens on Their Surface

Background: Mouse models of human disease are invaluable for determining the differentiation ability and functional capacity of stem cells. The best example is bone marrow transplants for studies of hematopoietic stem cells. For organ studies, the interpretation of the data can be difficult as transdifferentiation, cell fusion or surface antigen transfer (trogocytosis) can be misinterpreted as differentiation. These events have not been investigated in hematopoietic stem cell transplant models. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study we investigated fusion and trogocytosis involving blood cells during bone marrow transplantation using a xenograft model. We report that using a standard SCID repopulating assay almost 100 % of the human donor cells appear as hybrid blood cells containing both mouse and human surface antigens. Conclusion/Significance: Hybrid cells are not the result of cell-cell fusion events but appear to be due to efficient surface antigen transfer, a process referred to as trogocytosis. Antigen transfer appears to be non-random and includes all donor cells regardless of sub-type. We also demonstrate that irradiation preconditioning enhances the frequency of hybrid cell

Comparison of signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction and unstable angina in male and female hospitalizedpatients in coronary care units of Kerman Medical University hospital, 2004-2005

Abstract Background and purpose: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of mortality and disability in the world. The results of some studies show that there are differences in signs and symptoms of CAD between male and female.Materials and Methods: This research was done to compare males and females for these signs and symptoms in 600 hospitalized patients in coronary care units of Kerman Medical University from December 2004 to July 2005. For data collection a questionnaire was used which was designed in five sections: demographic characteristics, disease variables, pictures for determining the points of chest pain, Visual Analog Scale for determining the intensity of pain and measures taken by patients after the beginning the signs and symptoms. This questionnaire was completed by two nurses in different shifts by interviewing the patients. For data analysis T test, χ2, Fisher exact and Man-Whitney U were used.Results: The results showed that the women were older than men (p<0.001). Most women had unstable angina and men had myocardial infarction (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the chest pain in both genders but neck pain, back pain, fatigue, decrease of appetite, flushing, dizziness, tiredness, visual disturbances, suffocation feeling, palpitation and restlessness were experienced in women more than men (p<0.05). Also dyspenea during the heart attack was seen in most women (44.7% vs 29.4%) but there was no significant difference between two genders for intensity of pain.Conclusion: This study showed that atypical signs and symptoms of unstable angina and myocardial infarction were seen in female more than male. Furthermore this may be followed by some problems in diagnosis and then delay in referring the patients to medical centers. On the other hand, health care workers may not pay enough attention to these atypical signs and symptoms, in women with normal ECG so they might not receive nessaceery services

Family achievements in struggling with schizophrenia: life experiences in a qualitative content analysis study in Iran

Background: The challenges of living with and taking care of a patient with schizophrenia can lead to positive changes depending on the experiences and reactions of family caregivers. Such changes may directly affect the family performance and the patient�s recovery stage. Present study aimed to explain the positive experiences reported by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The present study is a qualitative study of content analysis. Data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 15 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia referring to one of the psychiatric hospitals in Zahedan, Southeast part of Iran. Purposive sampling method was applied and data analysis was conducted using conventional content analysis proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Data analysis created a theme entitled �family achievements in struggling with schizophrenia�. This theme included four categories including Developing positive personality traits in family members, Strengthening family ties, developing insight into the life, and social mobility. Conclusions: The results provided insights that the experience of taking care of patients with schizophrenia led to positive consequences for family caregivers. Thus, it is recommended that psychiatrists or consultants help families rely on positive experiences and share these experiences with families with a newly-suffered patient. © 2021, The Author(s)

Organizational Learning: The Missing Link to Promote Nurses' Professional Self-Efficacy

Introduction: Nurses are one of the important sources of organizational learning, and the main elements of knowledge transfer in hospitals. They can play a major role in the process of organizational learning. One of the factors affecting nurses' learning is self-efficacy. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between organizational learning and professional self-efficacy among nurses. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 nurses in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan City, Iran in 2018, selected by simple randomized sampling. Tools used were the Neefe Organizational Learning Questionnaire (Neefe, 2001), and Riggs and Knight's Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1994). Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation (p <0.05) between self-efficacy scores and the organizational learning dimensions of systems thinking, team learning, and shared vision. Linear regression analysis showed that these three dimensions of organizational learning predicted 16.1 of the professional self-efficacy variations. Discussion: Organizational learning has a direct relationship with nurses' professional self-efficacy. Promotion of organizational learning characteristics in hospitals will enhance nurses' self-efficacy. © Copyright 2020 Creative Health Care Management