Assessment of Interleukin 1-β in Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes has been identified as an immune-mediated disease characterised by poor insulin signaling and selective death of insulin-producing cells, with cytokines playing a key role. Disturbance of the antiinflammatory response could be a key component of the type 2 diabetes-causing chronic inflammation. The cytokine family interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays a key function in endocrinology and the regulation of inflammatory stress responses.Objective: The aim of this work is to assess the role of interleukin 1β, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (controlled and uncontrolled) compared to healthy individuals.Patients and Methods: A case control study was conducted on 80 adults, ranging from 25-60 year old, attending the endocrine or internal medicine clinic in Ain Shams University Hospital. They were divided into 3 groups :Group (1): 30 controlled type 2 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic. Group (2): 30 recently uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients over the last 6 months, on oral hypoglycemic. Group (3): 20 healthy individuals.Results: Serum IL-1β was significantly increased in recently uncontrolled diabetics than controlled diabetics and normal subjects. Serum IL-1β was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hours post prandial (2 hrs PP), glycosylated Hemoglobin (HBA1C), triglycerides (TG) and HOMA IR and there was a negative correlation with high density lipoproteins (HDL). Conclusion: The significant difference in the level of interleukin 1β among the studied groups highlights an implication of interleukin 1β in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic patients

Nonlinear structures: explosive, soliton and shock in a quantum electron-positron-ion magnetoplasma

Theoretical and numerical studies are performed for the nonlinear structures (explosive, solitons and shock) in quantum electron-positron-ion magnetoplasmas. For this purpose, the reductive perturbation method is employed to the quantum hydrodynamical equations and the Poisson equation, obtaining extended quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. The latter has been solved using the generalized expansion method to obtain a set of analytical solutions, which reflect the possibility of the propagation of various nonlinear structures. The relevance of the present investigation to the white dwarfs is highlighted.Comment: 7 figure

HPLC-DAD stability indicating determination of nizatidine in bulk and capsules dosage form

AbstractThis work describes the stability-indicating determination of the H2-receptor antagonist nizatidine in its bulk and capsules dosage form using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The developed method involved the use of Thermo Hypersil BDS-C8 (4.6×250mm, 5μm particle size) column and a mobile phase composed of 0.05M phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Quantification of nizatidine was based on measuring its peak area at 320nm. The retention time for nizatidine was about 3.61min. The reliability and analytical performance of the proposed HPLC procedure were statistically validated with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits. Calibration curve of nizatidine was linear in the range of 5–50μg/mL with correlation coefficient >0.9999. The drug was subjected to forced-degradation conditions of acidic and basic hydrolysis, oxidation, dry heat and UV photolysis where it showed considerable degradation in basic and oxidative conditions. The proposed method proved to be specific and stability-indicating by resolution of the drug from its forced-degradation products. The validated HPLC method was applied to the analysis of nizatidine in capsules dosage form where it was quantified with recoveries not less than 98.2%. Assay results were statistically compared to USP 2011 pharmacopeial method where no significant difference was observed between the proposed and reference methods

Agarase Production by Marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. MHS: Optimization, and Purification

Agar is an essential polysaccharide that has been utilized in numerous fields. Many kinds of literature have been published regarding agarolytic microorganisms’ isolation and agarases biochemical studies. In this search, a local marine agarolytic bacterium associated with marine alga Ulva lactuca surface was isolated and identified as Pseudoalteromonas sp. MHS. The agarase production was parallel to the growth of Pseudoalteromonas sp. MHS as cells displayed a lag phase (2 h), subsequently an exponential growth that prolonged till 10 h where maximum growth (OD550nm = 3.9) was achieved. The enzyme activity increased rapidly as cells increased exponentially where the maximum activity of 0.22 U/mL was achieved after 8h and remained constant till 12 h during the stationary phase of growth. Agarase production was optimized using Plackett-Burman statistical design by measuring enzyme activity as a response and the design was validated using a verification experiment; the activity of the enzyme increased from 0.22 U/mL to 0.29 U/mL. Pseudoalteromonas sp. MHS agarase was partially purified and its molecular weight (MW) was determined by SDSPAGE (15-25 kDa). Agarase showed approximately 94% of its activity at 40 °C. The enzyme stability decreased as the temperature increased; the enzyme could retain about 98, 90, 80, 75, and 60% of its activity at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. Biomass of the red alga Pterocladia capillacea proved to be a suitable substrate for agarase production using Pseudoalteromonas sp. MHS; the enzyme activity recorded after 24 h of incubation was 0.35 U/mL compared to 0.29 U/mL from the optimized medium

Diagnostics and outcome predictorso drug induced liver injury: a single center prospective study

Background: Although drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare clinical event, it carries significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic approach of DILI is still challenging because of lack of reliable markers that would allow distinguishing DILI from other causes of liver injury. Objective: To study the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and their relation to outcome of patients with DILI. Patients and Methods: Case control study conducted on 80 participants divided into two groups; Group I 40 patients with acute DILI and Group II 40 patients with acute viral induced liver injury. Subjects were systematically evaluated for clinical and laboratory characteristics, other etiologies, severity of DILI with application of Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) and liver biopsy whenever feasible and were all followed for 6 months thereafter. Results: Diclofenac was the most incriminated drug in DILI group (16 cases, 40%). Hepatocellular injury pattern was more common (28 cases, 70%). Infection with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) were the commonest etiology of viral hepatitis (32 cases, 80%). All patients with acute viral hepatitis, improved with no recorded mortality nor chronicity. While 6 patients (15%) with DILI died. Conclusion: The diagnostic approach of DILI is still rudimentary and inaccurate and require high index of suspicion and thus, careful assessment is required to distinguish DILI from other causes of liver injury

Obtenção de híbridos de melão adaptados as condições da região Nordeste.

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Melhoramento populacional do meloeiro para cultivo na Região Nordeste.

Este trabalho objetiva desenvolver e melhorar geneticamente populacoes de melao para os tipos de frutos rendilhado e amarelo, e adapta-las ao cultivo nas condicoes do Nordeste.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/5408/1/Pa-043.pd