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Editorial da Revista Varia Scientia-Ciências da Saúde

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Editorial do volume 9, número 2 da Revista Varia Scientia-Ciências da Saúde

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Editorial do volume 6, número

Early postnatal low-protein nutrition, metabolic programming and the autonomic nervous system in adult life

Protein restriction during lactation has been used as a rat model of metabolic programming to study the impact of perinatal malnutrition on adult metabolism. In contrast to protein restriction during fetal life, protein restriction during lactation did not appear to cause either obesity or the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperinsulinemia, when individuals reached adulthood. However, protein restriction provokes body underweight and hypoinsulinemia. This review is focused on the regulation of insulin secretion and the influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in adult rats that were protein-malnourished during lactation. The data available on the topic suggest that the perinatal phase of lactation, when insulted by protein deficit, imprints the adult metabolism and thereby alters the glycemic control. Although hypoinsulinemia programs adult rats to maintain normoglycemia, pancreatic β-cells are less sensitive to secretion stimuli, such as glucose and cholinergic agents. These pancreatic dysfunctions may be attributed to an imbalance of ANS activity recorded in adult rats that experienced maternal protein restriction

OBESIDADE, COMORBIDADES E COVID19: UMA BREVE REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Objetivo: Identificar artigos científicos que explorem os fatores moleculares e fisiológicos que associam a obesidade e comorbidades ao pior prognóstico de pacientes com COVID19. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com busca nas bases de dados Science Direct e Pubmed usando os termos: “Obesity” “COVID” “Blood Glucose” “Inflammation” e “Immune System”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 164 artigos. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão 35 artigos foram submetidos a leitura na integra para extração dos principais achados com relevância para o tema. A maioria dos estudos apontou o processo inflamatório, alterações na ação e expressão da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina do tipo 2 (ECA2) e hiperglicemia como principais fatores relacionados ao pior prognóstico e aumento da mortalidade em pacientes obesos com infecção por COVID19. Conclusão: As anormalidades fisiopatológicas provocadas pela COVID19 tornam-se mais acentuadas na obesidade e suas comorbidades por alterações pré-existentes nos mecanismos imunológicos, da expressão e/ou função da ECA2 e pelo desequilíbrio da homeostase glicêmica. O controle destes elementos em indivíduos obesos pode melhorar o prognóstico durante a contaminação pela COVID19

GROWTH OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PRETERM UNTIL 12 MONTHS OF CORRECTED AGE

Introduction: facing the progressive increase in the survival of premature ta infants, a concern for health professionals would be related to the possible consequences arising from prematurity, among them the growth changes. Objectives: to describe the anthropometric variables of newborns Premature Very Low Birth Weight in the follow-up monitoring. Methods: observational, longitudinal and retrospective study, involving 71 children who left Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with a weight lower than 1500 g who were treated between 2006 and 2013. They should have at least three outpatient visits within twelve months of corrected age after NCAU discharge, in the following periods: period I up to 3 months of corrected age; period II between 4-6 months of corrected age and period III between 7-12 months of corrected age. Results: the mean Gestational Age (GA) was 29.4 weeks, 51% male, birth weight 1073.2 g, 70% with appropriate GA. The hospitalization stay was 68.73 days. Weight Z score at birth -0.95; at discharge -3.05; in period I -2.4; period II -1.8; period III -1.2. Height at birth -1.21, at discharge -2.23; -2.5; -1.8 and -1.1 for the periods I, II and III , respectively. Regarding the PT Z score at birth -0.71; at discharge -1.5; and monitoring -1.1; - 0.8 and -0.5 respectively in the periods I, II and III. Conclusions: despite of the great Z score reduction in NICU, there was a progressive improvement during follow-up in the Z score in the three anthropometric variables

TECIDO ADIPOSO MARROM UM ALIADO NA LUTA CONTRA OBESIDADE

Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional e internacional sobre a expansão do Tecido Adiposo (TA) sendo fator central na obesidade e suas comorbidades. Há múltiplos subtipos do TA, sendo o Tecido Adiposo Marrom (TAM) importante para o combate a obesidade. Objetivou-se abordar descobertas do TAM e sua importância na queima de gordura e regulação de peso corporal, consequentemente a diminuição de doenças relacionadas a esse distúrbio metabólico. Após delimitação dos critérios de inclusão, exclusão e busca manual nas bases Scielo e PubMed, dez estudos foram selecionados. Os artigos mostram que o TAM, pode ser o principal responsável pela termogênese, processo no qual há queima de lipídios com geração de calor, contribuindo para elevar o gasto energético favorecendo a perda de peso e combate as comorbidades. O TAM pode ser reativado na vida adulta, em particular frente a estímulos simpáticos, como frio e exercício físico. Além disso, a presença de adipócitos intermediários (bege) indica que em adultos, é possível sobre estímulos simpáticos elevar a conversão destes a adipócitos marrom. Dos artigos, grande parte relatam a termogênese como elemento fundamental e necessário para a perda de peso, norteando a pesquisa cientifica para a descoberta de novos fármacos que atuam como termogênicos

Analysis of quality of life and functional capacity in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Paraná Southwest, Brazil

Understanding psychosocial responses in cancer patients is fundamental for prognosis and maintenance of the quality of life (QoL). Chemotherapy is the primary and essential treatment for cancer. However, patients submitted to chemotherapy frequently show emotional and cognitive disruptions, which negatively influence the overall QoL. Here we evaluated the relationship between the functional capacity (FC) and QoL of cancer patients submitted to chemotherapy in a public health hospital in southern Brazil. A total of 101 patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy were enrolled from June to December 2017. Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were used to evaluate FC and QoL, respectively. Patients presented a mean age of 59.6±13 years and were predominantly female. Breast cancer was the most common neoplasia (43.56%), and most patients exhibited advanced disease (73%) and distant metastasis (66.33%) at diagnosis. The global health score evaluated by EORTC QLQ-30 was 67.5%, and about 63% of patients presented a KPS of 80%. The working function was the most positive influence on the FC (R=0.515; p<0.05). Emotional and social functions were strongly associated with patients' global health status (R=0.960; p<0.05). Our data showed that the KPS is an excellent tool for evaluating the QoL in patients undergoing chemotherapy, which correlates positively with their global health and is affected by the emotional and social functions of patients.Comprender las respuestas psicosociales en pacientes con cáncer es fundamental para el pronóstico y el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida (CdV). La quimioterapia, es el tratamiento primario y esencial para el cáncer. Sin embargo, los pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia con frecuencia muestran trastornos emocionales y cognitivos, que influyen negativamente en la CV general. Aquí evaluamos la relación entre la capacidad funcional (CF) y la CV de pacientes con cáncer sometidos a quimioterapia en un hospital de salud pública del sur de Brasil. Un total de 101 pacientes con cáncer que recibieron quimioterapia se inscribieron de junio a diciembre de 2017. Se utilizaron Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) y European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) para evaluar la CF y la CdV, respectivamente. Los pacientes presentaron una edad promedio de 59,6±13 años y fueron predominantemente del sexo femenino. El cáncer de mama fue la neoplasia más frecuente (43,56%), y la mayoría de las pacientes presentaron enfermedad avanzada (73%) y metástasis a distancia (66,33%) en el momento del diagnóstico. El puntaje de salud global evaluado por EORTC QLQ-30 fue de 67,5%, y cerca de 63% de los pacientes presentaron un KPS de 80%. La función de trabajo fue la influencia más positiva en el CF (R=0,515; p<0,05). Las funciones emocionales y sociales se asociaron fuertemente con el estado de salud global de los pacientes (R=0,960; p<0,05). Nuestros datos mostraron que el KPS es una excelente herramienta para evaluar la CV en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia, lo que se correlaciona positivamente con su salud global y se ve afectado por las funciones emocionales y sociales de los pacientes.Understanding psychosocial responses in cancer patients is fundamental for prognosis and quality of life (QoL). Chemotherapy is the primary and essential treatment for cancer. However, patients submitted to chemotherapy frequently show emotional and cognitive disruptions, which negatively influence the overall QoL. Here we evaluated the relationship between the functional capacity (FC) and QoL of cancer patients submitted to chemotherapy in a public health hospital in Paraná southwest, Brazil. We included 101 patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy who were enrolled from June to December 2017. Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were used to evaluate FC and QoL, respectively. Patients presented a mean age of 59.6±13 years and were predominantly female. Breast cancer was the most common neoplasia (43.56%), and most patients exhibited advanced disease (73%) and distant metastasis (66.33%) at diagnosis. The global health score evaluated by EORTC QLQ-30 was 67.5%, and about 63% of patients presented a KPS of 80%. The working function was the one most affected FC (R=0.515; p<0.05). Emotional and social functions were strongly associated with patients' global health status (R=0.960; p<0.05). Our data showed that the KPS is an excellent tool for evaluating the QoL in patients undergoing chemotherapy, which correlates positively with their global health and is affected by the emotional and social functions of patients

PERFIL ALIMENTAR, GLICÊMICO E LIPÍDICO AOS SEIS MESES DE VIDA DE CRIANÇAS A TERMO E PREMATURAS

Objetivo: Correlacionar o perfil glicêmico e lipídico de recém-nascidos a termo e prematuros com a alimentação recebida do nascimento aos seis meses de vida. Metodologia: Análise de dados secundários, avaliados ao nascimento (T0) e seis meses (T1) de recém-nascidos a termo (n=73) e prematuros (n=39). Investigou-se adequação do peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol e insulina, perfil alimentar do período analisado. Análise da Variância, teste de comparação múltipla das médias, nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Glicose e triglicerídeos foram estatisticamente significativos para a característica nascer prematuro ou a termo (p<0,01). Preditores relativos à adequação do peso ao nascer e os tipos de dieta não influenciaram na variação da glicose e triglicerídeo. Dieta com papa de legumes (p=0,047) e nascer prematuro (p<0,01), exerceram influência na variação da insulina e colesterol total. Conclusão: Prematuros encontram-se mais vulneráveis para alterações lipídicas e glicêmicas ao sexto mês comparados aos a termo