Farmer's organizations and acess to innovations: pathways of socioeconomic change in Massaroca, Bahia State, Brazil.

This paper focuses on the recent development of smallholders' communities in the Massaroca region of Nordeste, Braziil. The socieconomic impact of extension service interventions and organizational responses of smallholders are discussed. The results of local development projects have highighted some collective benefits for rural communities, i.e. self-reliance, official representation, and access to equpiment; however, they have also revealed an increase in social differentiation amongsst farmers, based on rural credit politics and market integration. The main beneficiaries of these proects are leaders of farmers' organizations, through their empowerment, by which they also try to obtain benefits for their parents and friends in an often biased manner. Criticism of this situation and resulting social conflicts have prompted protest reactions within rural communities. especially form women and young people, with the support of extension agents

Acesso a inovação e reestruturação produtiva da agricultura familiar no tropico Semi-Arido: o caso das comunidades rurais de Massaroca (Juazeiro, BA).

Esse artigo trata da reestruturacao da agricultura familiar nas comunidades rurais de Massaroca (Juazeiro, BA) em decorrencia do acesso as inovacoes e aos recursos, resultantes da intervencao das instituicoes de pesquisa e de desenvolvimento. Analisa-se a difusao da informacao e da inovacao via as redes de relacoes apropriadas da inovacao e dos recursos, assim como as consequencias. Os resultados das operacoes de desenvolvimento local mostram os beneficios coletivos para as comunidades em termos de representatividade e de acesso aos equipamentos. Evidenciam, tambem, uma diferenciacao social entre os produtores, estimulada pela valorizacao diferenciada da informacao e do credito rural

A framework for the prospective analysis of super-diversity coming from high levels of immigration

Background Pressures to keep immigration rates at relatively high levels are likely to persist in most developed countries. At the same time, immigrant cohorts are becoming more and more diverse, leading host societies to become increasingly heterogeneous across multiple dimensions. For scholars who study demographic or socio-economic behaviours, the need to account for ethnocultural “super-diversity” brings new challenges and complications. Objective The main objective of this paper is to present a framework for the prospective analysis of super-diversity in several high immigration countries. Methods We developed microsimulation models that simultaneously project several population-dimensions for Canada, the United States and countries of the European Union, with the aim of studying the consequences of alternate future population and migration trends. Results The paper presents the projected progression of three indicators of diversity for Canada, the USA and the EU28: percentage of foreign-born population, percentage of the population using a non-official language at home and percentage of non-Christians under the reference scenario. Results from alternative scenarios show the potential impact of modifying the composition of migrant cohorts. The paper also examines the projected changes in the labour force for each region by education level and language. Finally, the paper proposes a new longitudinal indicator that counts the number of years lived as active and inactive over the life course for foreign- and native-born cohorts. Contribution The microsimulation models provide much more informative results than more traditional cohort-component or multi-state models to study the future effects of ethnocultural super-diversity on high immigration countries

Experimentação e validação de tecnologias em meio real: alguns elementos a partir da experiência de Massaroca (Juazeiro,BA).

Princípios e enfoques; Massarroca: métodos de aprendizagem e de apoio à inovação; Os ensinamentos do projeto Massaroca.bitstream/item/197306/1/Agricultura-Familiar-pag-59-85.pd

Appui au developpement de làgriculture familiale dans le Nordeste semi-áride.

Reseaux de proximité et diffusion des innovations techniques: le cas des communautés paysannes de Massaroca (Bahia-Brasil). Experimentação e validação de tecnologias em meio real: alguns elementos a partir da experiência de Massaroca (Juazeiro-BA).bitstream/item/211101/1/Apoio-ao-desenvolvimento-da-agricultura-1996.pd

Diagnostic et zanage agricole municipal: le cas de Juazeiro.

bitstream/item/196699/1/Diagnostic-et-zonage-le-cas-Juazeiro.pd

A framework for the prospective analysis of ethno-cultural super-diversity

Background: Pressures to keep immigration rates at relatively high levels are likely to persist in most developed countries. At the same time, immigrant cohorts are becoming more and more diverse, leading host societies to become increasingly heterogeneous across multiple dimensions. For scholars who study demographic or socio-economic behaviours, the need to account for ethno-cultural “super-diversity” brings new challenges. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to present a framework for the prospective analysis of super-diversity in several high immigration countries. Methods: We developed microsimulation models that simultaneously project several population dimensions for Canada, the United States and countries of the European Union, with the aim of studying the consequences of alternate future population and migration trends. Results: The paper presents the projected progression of three indicators of diversity: percentage of foreign-born population, percentage of the population using a non-official language at home and percentage of non-Christians. It also examines the projected changes in the labour force by education levels and language. Using alternative scenarios, we also show that the proportion of highly educated in the US and EU28 labour force could increase by 11 and 15 percentage points respectively if future immigrants were selected as in Canada. Finally, the paper proposes a new longitudinal indicator that counts the number of years lived as active and inactive over the life course for foreign- and native-born cohorts. Contribution: The microsimulation models provide much more informative results than more traditional cohort-component models to study the future effects of ethno-cultural super-diversity on high immigration countries