6 research outputs found

    Reformulating the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules in a Conceptual Density Functional Theory Context: the Case of Sigmatropic Reactions

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    In this contribution, we have investigated the performance of the initial hardness response, a reactivity index from conceptual DFT, in the prediction of the allowed or forbidden character of a series of sigmatropic hydrogen shifts, which are traditionally explained using the famous Woodward-Hoffmann rules for pericyclic reactions. Previously, it was observed that this quantity can be linked to the activation hardness of a chemical reaction and, in this case, thus to the aromaticity of the transition state in these kinds of reactions. It is shown, both by considering approximate reaction coordinates and intrinsic reaction coordinates that the allowed mode of the sigmatropic rearrangement corresponds to the largest value of the initial hardness response, in agreement with earlier work on cycloadditions and electrocyclizations

    Relativistic effects on the Fukui function

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    The extent of relativistic effects on the Fukui function, which describes local reactivity trends within conceptual density functional theory (DFT), and frontier orbital densities has been analysed on the basis of three benchmark molecules containing the heavy elements: Au, Pb, and Bi. Various approximate relativistic approaches have been tested and compared with the four-component fully relativistic reference. Scalar relativistic effects, as described by the scalar zeroth-order regular approximation methodology and effective core potential calculations, already provide a large part of the relativistic corrections. Inclusion of spin-orbit coupling effects improves the results, especially for the heavy p-block compounds. We thus expect that future conceptual DFT-based reactivity studies on heavy-element molecules can rely on one of the approximate relativistic methodologie

    Relativistic effects on the Fukui function

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    ISSN:1432-881XISSN:1432-223

    The Linear Response Kernel: Inductive and Resonance Effects Quantified

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    Calculations of conceptual density functional theory (DFT) reactivity indices are mainly restricted to global quantities and local functions, whereas values for the nonlocal kernels are rarely presented. We used a molecular orbital-based expression to calculate the atom-condensed linear response kernel. The results are the first published values of this quantity that have been obtained through a direct and generally applicable methodology. This letter focuses on the off-diagonal elements, which provide insight into the nonlocal contributions to chemical reactivity. A detailed study of a set of eight functionalized alkane and polyalkene derivatives enabled us to quantify inductive and resonance effects
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