Asexual reproduction: an alternative for the propagation and conservation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) native to Guerrero, Mexico

Objective: To evaluate the effect on the rooting of Carica papaya L. cuttings using three different substrates and varying the length of the vegetative material Design / methodology / approach: A completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was used. Herbaceous cuttings of 30 and 40 cm in length were collected in March 2018, from lateral branches from native papaya plants (Carica papaya L.) from various regions of the state of Guerrero. The stakes were placed in different substrates: 1) sand, 2) Peat Moss® and 3) a mixture of sand and Peat Moss® (70:30, v / v). Sixty days after sowing, the rooting percentage, root length, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, crown diameter, weight of fresh biomass, weight of dry biomass, fresh weight of root and root dry weight. With the data obtained, an analysis of variances and a mean comparison test (Tukey, p?0.05) were performed. Results: The 40 and 30 cm long cuttings showed 60 and 50% rooting, respectively, being those plants where 40 cm cuttings were used, consistently taller, with a greater number of leaves, crown diameter and greater length of root. Of the three substrates used, sand was the best for the rooting of papaya cuttings, since in it plants with significantly higher fresh biomass weight were developed (p?0.05). Study limitations / implications: It is important to continue the study into the flowering and fruiting stages. Findings / conclusions: The proposed protocol allows the rooting of papaya cuttingsObjective: Evaluate the effect of three types of substrate and different shoot lengths onthe rooting of Carica papaya L. shoots.Design/ methodology/ approach: This experiment followed a completely randomizeddesign with a 2×3 factorial arrangement. Shoots of 30 and 40 cm of length werecollected in March 2018 from the lateral branches of papaya plants (Carica papaya L.)native to various regions of Guerrero. Shoots were placed in different substrates: 1)sand, 2) Peat Moss®, and 3) sand and Peat Moss® mixture (70:30, v/v). Sixty days afterplanting, rooting percentage, root length, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves,crown diameter, biomass fresh weight, biomass dry weight, root fresh weight, and rootdry weight were evaluated. Data were analyzed through an analysis of variance and amean difference test (Tukey, p?0.05).Results: The rooting of 40- and 30-cm shoots was 60 and 50%, respectively. Plantswith the highest height, number of leaves, root length, and crown diameter derived from 240-cm shoots. Sand was the best substrate for rooting, where plants with higher freshbiomass were significantly developed.Study limitations/ implications: Continue study during the flowering and fruitingstages.Findings/ conclusions: This protocol allows the rooting of papaya shoots

Rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) en respuesta a la fertilización con nitrógeno, fósforo y silicio al suelo

En el estado de Guerrero, el maíz (Zea mays) se siembra en diferentes condiciones edáficas y climáticas, en altitudes que van desde el nivel del mar hasta los 2880 m de altitud, principalmente en régimen de temporal y por productores que utilizan maíces nativos y mejorados. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización con nitrógeno y fósforo en combinación con silicio en los componentes de rendimiento del cultivo de maíz; bajo la hipótesis de que al menos una fórmula de fertilización y la aplicación de silicio al suelo generan un efecto positivo en el tamaño de la mazorca y el rendimiento de grano de maíz. La fertilización consideró dos factores; primero la fórmula de Nitrógeno, Fosforo y Potasio (N-P-K) con dos niveles (90-60 00 y 60 40 00); el segundo fue la fertilización de silicio (Si) con tres niveles (sin Si, Fermiphos y Silifosca®), cuya combinación originó seis tratamientos; los cuales se distribuyeron en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. La fertilización N-P-K no afectó estadísticamente las variables evaluadas; excepto el diámetro que, fue estadísticamente diferente y se incrementó en 2% con 90-60-00. La aplicación de silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) aumentó más de 12% la longitud y 6% el diámetro de la mazorca y 24% el rendimiento de grano. La fertilización con 90-60-00 + silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) incrementó de 8 a 32% el tamaño y rendimiento; mientras que, la fertilización con 60-40-00 + silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) superó de 4 a 28% los parámetros evaluados. El incremento de la fórmula de fertilización tuvo impactos mínimos y no constantes en el tamaño de la mazorca. Pero, la aplicación de Silifosca® o Fermiphos combinada con la fertilización N-P-K favoreció cambios positivos en el tamaño de la mazorca y rendimiento de grano con 90-60-00 y la adición de Silifosca®

First report of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in apaxtleco chili (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated in greenhouse

Objectives: To generate information about a new host of the Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) mite, and to understand the damages caused by the cultivation of apatlexco chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the northern region of the state of Guerrero. Design/Methodology/Approach: The identification of the mite was carried out through taxonomic keys and the damages caused in vegetative shoots, mature leaves and flower buds were described. Results: The P. latus mite was identified as causing important damage to the crops of aplaxtleco chili pepper grown in greenhouses in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, and this is the first report of this mite in the Aplaxtleco chili pepper crop grown in greenhouses in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. Findings/Conclusions: Economic income is obtained from the cultivation of aplaxtleco chili peppers, a characteristic crop of the municipality of Aplaxtla, in the northern zone of Guerrero; therefore, knowing the identity of the P. latus mite in the aplaxtleco chili crop will help to suggest effective control methods to obtain higher yields

First report of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) in Apaxtleco chili (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated in greenhouse

Objectives: To generate information on a new host of the Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) mite, and to know the damage caused to the Apaxtleco chili (Capsicum annuum L.) crop in the northern region of the state of Guerrero. Design / methodology: The identification of the mite was carried out by means of taxonomic keys and the damages caused in vegetative shoots, mature leaves and flower shoots were described. Results: The P. latus mite was identified causing significant damage to the Aplaxtleco chili crop grown in the greenhouse in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, and the first report of this mite in the greenhouse-grown Aplaxtleco chilli crop in the state is released. from Guerrero, Mexico. Findings / conclusions. The cultivation of Aplaxtleco chili is a characteristic crop of the municipality of Aplaxtla, in the North zone and from which economic income is obtained, for this reason knowing the identity of the P. latus mite in the cultivation of Aplaxtleco chili will help to propose effective control methods for higher performance.Objectives: To generate information about a new host of the Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks) mite, and to understand the damages caused by the cultivation ofApatlexco chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the northern region of the state ofGuerrero.Design/Methodology/Approach: The identification of the mite was carried out throughtaxonomic keys and the damages caused in vegetative shoots, mature leaves andflower buds were described.Results: The P. latus mite was identified as causing important damage to the crops ofAplaxtleco chili pepper grown in greenhouses in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, and thisis the first report of this mite in the Aplaxtleco chili pepper crop grown in greenhouses inthe state of Guerrero, Mexico.Findings/Conclusions: Economic income is obtained from the cultivation of Aplaxtlecochili peppers, a characteristic crop of the municipality of Aplaxtla, in the northern zone of Guerrero; therefore, knowing the identity of the P. latus mite in the Aplaxtleco chili cropwill help to suggest effective control methods to obtain higher yields