Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) acquired in Southwestern Germany

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) was first described in 1997 in a patient in France. The causative agent, <it>Rickettsia slovaca</it>, is transmitted by <it>Dermacentor </it>ticks.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In southwestern Germany we encountered a patient with a tick bite at the dorsal scalp that resulted in an eschar and nuchal lymphadenopathy. Additionally, fever, malaise as well as elevated inflammatory markers and transaminases occurred. The characteristic clinical picture along with positive antibody testing for rickettsiae of the tick-borne spotted fever group strongly suggest the diagnosis TIBOLA.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Human rickettsioses are emerging infections. Clinicians should be aware of TIBOLA as a newly described rickettsial disease. As in our case, TIBOLA may be encountered in regions/countries where <it>R. slovaca </it>and <it>Dermacentor </it>ticks are prevalent but autochthonous acquisition was not described before.</p

Clonal analysis of Inquilinus limosus isolates from six cystic fibrosis patients and specific serum antibody response

Inquilinus limosus is a novel Gram-negative bacterium of the subdivision alpha-Proteobacteria recently found in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, the authors report on the clinical courses of six CF patients colonized with I. limosus. Five patients suffered from either an acute respiratory exacerbation or a progressive loss of pulmonary function, whereas one patient was in a stable clinical situation. This study focused on two aims: (i) the clonal analysis of I. limosus isolates by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, and (ii) the clarification of whether the presence of I. limosus in the respiratory tract is associated with a specific serum antibody response. Serum IgG was detected by immunoblotting using I. limosus whole-cell-lysate proteins as antigens. Sera from healthy blood donors (n=10) and from CF patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=10) were found to be immunoblot negative. All six Inquilinus-positive patients raised serum IgG antibodies against various I. limosus antigens. Surprisingly, in one patient, a specific I. limosus serum antibody response was already detected 1 year prior to Inquilinus-positive sputum cultures. Two prominent antigens were characterized by MALDI-MS: a 23 kDa protein revealed homology to the outer membrane lipoprotein OmlA of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and an 18 kDa protein to a protein-tyrosine phosphatase of Burkholderia cepacia. In conclusion, detection of I. limosus is accompanied by a specific serum antibody response and may reflect the infectious/pathogenic potential of I. limosus. Moreover, IgG immunoblotting may be useful to detect early infection with I. limosus and may support the selective cultivation of this novel emerging pathogen

Molecular Evidence of Nosocomial Pneumocystis jirovecii Transmission among 16 Patients after Kidney Transplantation▿

In recent years, clusters of Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (PCP) among immunocompromised individuals have been reported. Mostly, the source of infections was suspected to be within the clinical settings when transplant recipients and PCP patients shared hospital facilities. We report on a cluster of 16 renal transplant recipients positive for P. jirovecii. None of them received anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis prior to P. jirovecii detection. Epidemiological studies revealed that 15 of them had received kidney transplants at a German university hospital and attended the same inpatient and outpatient clinic from January through September 2006. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on the following genes: ITS1, β-tub, 26S, and mt26S. P. jirovecii DNA was available from 14 patients and showed identical MLST types among these renal transplant recipients. Surprisingly, one patient who was treated at a different nephrological center and reported no personal contact with patients from the renal transplantation cluster harbored an identical P. jirovecii MLST type. Three HIV-positive patients and one bone-marrow-transplanted hematologic malignancy patient—treated at different medical centers—were used as controls, and different MLST types were revealed. Interestingly, in three of the four previously described regions, new alleles were detected, and one new polymorphism was observed in the mt26S region. The epidemiological data and the genotyping results strongly suggest a nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of P. jirovecii as the predominant transmission route. Therefore, strict segregation and isolation of P. jirovecii-positive/suspected patients in clinical settings seems warranted