Impact of parents’ authoritative style on personality traits of children: a case study of Elementary class students in Pakistan

The study was carried out to determine the effects of authoritative parenthood on the personality traits of elementary school children including all the five traits namely agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness. The study is significant as it gives parents a chance to evaluate their parenting style and comprehend its positive and negative effects on children’ personality traits. It was an Ex Post Facto study in which data was collected about the cases of elementary class children in Pakistan. A multistage random sample of 30 elementary schools, three hundred cases (children and their parents) and 90 teachers was chosen. Two questionnaires were used in the study; One to evaluate the parenting styles of the parents which was adopted from Robinsons Parenting style questionnaire and second, adopted from the Big Five Inventory questionnaire to assess the personalities of the children. Cronbach’s Alpha value of the total parenting style questionnaire was 0.95 and Cronbach’s Alpha value of the total personality style tool used in this study was 0.84. Data was collected by the researchers during parent-teacher meetings and meetings with teachers in the selected schools. Percentage of frequencies, mean score, standard deviation, ANOVA statistics and correlation values were calculated using SPSS. Results indicated highly significant and positive relationship between authoritative parenting style and the four personality traits i.e. agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion and openness but a significant and negative relationship with neuroticism. Moreover, a highly significant impact of parenting authoritativeness level on children personality traits was explored. Therefore, it is recommended that parents should practice authoritative parenting style to raise strong and healthy individuals and refrain the negativism in the personality of children. &nbsp

Emotions Regulation and Academic Performance of Elementary School-Aged Students

Abstract Emotions regulations is the capacity that plays a necessary function in our routine lives and essential not only for the attainment of socialization but also necessary in achieving educational tasks.This research proposed to examine the association between the emotions regulations and academic achievement of elementary aged students. The quantitative research method was adopted to determine the results. The sample size of the study confined 209 students (boys & girls) of twelveelementary schools in district Bahawalnagar of Punjab Pakistan. The sample of the study utilized simple random sampling. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data from students regarding their emotions regulations. School records and Punjab Board Gazette (Punjab Examination Commission)was included to collect data of the study. Mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation techniques were applied to analyze the data. The results of the study exploredthat most of the respondents practice positive strategies while expressing their emotions and have a high level of academic sores. It was also found that the students who could not able to express their emotions in positive ways; consequently, they show poor performance in education. Therefore, policy makers need to focus on attention to develop positive emotions regulations among elementary aged students. Keywords; Emotions, Emotions regulations, academic achievements, elementary educatio

Protocol optimization for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from dried, fresh leaves, and seeds of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Consistent isolation of best quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is particularly problematic due to the presence of phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. Inconsistencies in extraction results can be attributed to the age and growth stages of the plant material analyzed. Mature leaves have higher quantities of polyphenols, tannins and polysaccharides that can contaminate DNA during isolation. In this study, we used fresh and dried leaves as well as seeds for optimization of high quality DNA isolation protocols from A. hypogaea. The DNA extracted with three different methods cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient) were comparatively studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in terms of quantity and quality. High quality genomic DNA was obtained from fresh leaves by modified CTAB methods. The DNA obtained ranged from 1 to 2.5 ng/μl. DNA obtained by this method was strong and reliable showing its compatibility for simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses. The SDS based methodology give large quantities of DNA contaminated with polysaccharides. Fresh leaves also gave best result in SDS method. The quantity and quality of DNA obtained was very poor in all the tested methods in case of dried leaf tissues. The current protocol will probably be useful for the extraction of high-molecular weight DNA from other plant materials containing large amounts of secondary metabolites and essential oils.Key words: Polysaccharides, polyphenols, tannins, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cesium chloride (CsCl), secondary metabolites, SSR

Assessing COVID-19 Booster Hesitancy and Its Correlates: An Early Evidence from India

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutants, waning immunity, and breakthrough infections prompted the use of booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to fight against the pandemic. India started booster doses in January 2022 and it is critical to determine the intention of booster dose uptake and its correlates. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate booster dose acceptability and associated predictors among the Indian population. A convenience sampling technique was utilized to recruit a sample of 687 Indian residents. A 55-item psychometric validated survey tool was used to assess booster dose acceptability, vaccine literacy and vaccine confidence. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Over 50% of participants reported their willingness to take the booster dose. Among the group not willing to take the booster dose (n = 303, 44.1%), a significantly larger proportion of respondents were unvaccinated with the primary series (12.2% vs. 5.2%, p \u3c 0.001), had an annual income below 2.96 lacs/annum (52.8% vs. 33.1, p \u3c 0.001), were residents of rural areas (38.0% vs. 23.2%, p \u3c 0.001), were not living with vulnerable individuals (78.5% vs. 65.2%, p \u3c 0.001) and did not have family/friends who had tested positive for COVID-19 (54.6% vs. 35.1%, p = 0.001). Demographic, vaccine variables and multi-theory model subscales to predict the initiation of booster dose among hesitant participants were statistically significant, R2 = 0.561, F (26, 244) = 11.978, p \u3c 0.001; adjusted R2 = 0.514. Findings of this study highlight the need to develop evidence-based interventions to promote vaccine uptake, particularly among hard-to-reach communities living in developing countries

Relationship between Stress and Educational Performance of University Students: A Correlational Research Study

Almost every student experiences stress during his or her academic career.  Academic stress has several health-related implications and has an impact on study and learning ability. The present study aimed to analyze the association between stress and educational performance of university students. Psychological, bodily, and behavioral difficulties are common because of such stress. Correlation research design was applied to achieve the objectives of this stud. Total 296 students were selected randomly from three departments (Education, Chemistry and English) of the Islamia University Bahawalpur. For the accomplishment of current study’s objectives, data was collected via using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics Pearson correlation test was applied to gain the results. The current study examined that majority of students are facing stress. The results also explore that physical and psychological stress have negative effects on academic achievement of students. It has been found that student’s mental health has an impact on their academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended that the university should organize the programs which can help to detect and reduce the effect of stress among students

Analyzing Teachers’ Strategies for Motivating Students in Classroom at Primary Level: Students’ Perspectives

The study was designed to analyze the teachers’ strategies for motivating students in classroom. The objectives of the study were; to find out the techniques of motivation for students learning achievement; to explore the students’ views about motivation; to evaluate the students’ views regarding teachers’ teaching style; to find out gender wise significance difference. The study was design for Bahawal Nagar district, so Bahawal Nagar were the population of the study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select sample. One hundred and thirty two (132) students were selected from selected schools in which 66 schools were male and 66 female. Self-constructed instrument on 4 point Likert scale was used to collect data. The major findings of the study were teachers motivate the students at primary level by adopting different techniques and strategies. The teachers’ behaviour, personality, teaching methodology and school environment are also factors affecting the students’ learning process. Immediate appreciation, rewards, punishment, reinforcement and encouragement play a vital role for motivating the students. It was also found that female teachers were used more motivational strategies to motivate the students in classroom as compared to male teachers

Emergency exhaust system’s efficiency measurements for iodine removal at PARR-1

The emergency exhaust system of the Pakistan Research Reactor-1 (PARR-1) in corporates charcoal bed filters for the removal of radioiodine from exhaust gases in case of an emergency involving the release of radioiodine. The filters adsorb radioiodine. Testing of the filters is necessary so as to assess their iodine retention efficiency, if they are to meet regulatory requirements. The retention efficiency of our filters has been measured and found to be 99.1%. This value is higher than the value of the activated charcoal filter efficiency (99%) employed to determine the source term for release through emergency exhaust with filtration, for dose calculations. In this paper, the procedure for testing the efficiency of charcoal filters has been discussed and results obtained presented