5 research outputs found

    Phytochemistry, Medicinal Uses, and Beneficial Nutritional Effects of Essential Oils

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    Plants contain a considerable reservoir of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils). These molecules exhibit variations in chemical structure as well as a very wide range of biological activities. Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites produced by aromatic plants. EOs contain bioactive molecules, mainly represented by monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The organoleptic properties and biological activities of EOs are distinguished by their respective compositions. They have long been recognized for their medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, bioherbicide, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and hepato-nephroprotective activities. These organic compounds also exert beneficial effects on the nutrition of ruminants, by modulating digestibility and reducing the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas. This chapter is devoted to the study of chemical composition, medicinal uses, and beneficial nutritional effects of essential oils

    EnquĂȘte ethnobotanique sur l'utilisation traditionnelle du Lierre grimpant (Hedera helix) au Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie

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    Les recherches pharmacologiques actuelles contribuent continuellement Ă  dĂ©couvrir les vertus thĂ©rapeutiques des plantes mĂ©dicinales et les modalitĂ©s d'action de leurs composĂ©s actifs. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s authentiques de ces molĂ©cules ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es dans le traitement et la prĂ©vention de nombreuses pathologies. Dans ce contexte, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une enquĂȘte ethno-pharmacologique qui porte sur l'usage traditionnel du lierre grimpant (Hedera helix L.) dans la rĂ©gion de Ain Draham (Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie). L'enquĂȘte menĂ©e dans le nord-ouest Tunisien a montrĂ© que le lierre grimpant est utilisĂ© en mĂ©decine traditionnelle pour traiter plusieurs pathologies, notamment celles du systĂšme respiratoire (31%). Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©galement montrĂ© que le mode d'administration est principalement par voie orale (66%), sous forme de dĂ©coction (49%) ou d'infusion (39%). De façon plus importante, l'enquĂȘte a dĂ©voilĂ© que l'usage de diffĂ©rentes parties de la plante est majoritairement Ă  frĂ©quence modĂ©rĂ©e (60%). En conclusion, les rĂ©sultats de cette investigation reprĂ©sentent une importante contribution Ă  la base de donnĂ©es pour la mĂ©decine ancestrale nationale et constituent des appuis pour de futures Ă©tudes pharmacologiques et biochimiques. Mots clĂ©s: EnquĂȘte ethno-pharmacolologique, Hedera helix, mĂ©decine traditionnell

    Salvia officinalis flowers extract ameliorates liver and kidney injuries induced by simultaneous intoxication with ethanol/castor oil

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    Abstract The current study investigated the possible mechanisms of aqueous extract Salvia officinalis flowers (SF‐AE) and its protective effects against hepatorenal toxicities produced by simultaneous acute administration of ethanol (EtOH)/castor oil (CO). Healthy male rats (N = 50) were separated into five equal groups: control, Ethanol (EtOH) + Castor oil (CO), doses of increasing orders of SF‐AE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) during 15 days. Liver and kidney injuries were induced by EtOH (4 g/kg, b.w., p.o.) combined with CO (5 mL/kg, b.w., p.o.). Compared to the control group, SF‐AE pretreatment protected against simultaneous administration of EtOH and CO‐caused serious histological alterations in liver and kidney tissues. SF‐AE also reversed liver and kidney biochemical parameters and lipid profile alterations. More importantly, SF‐AE significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and counteracted the depletion of both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants. SF‐AE also prevents against inflammation induced by EtOH combined with CO, expressed by the rise of inflammation biomarkers (C‐reactive protein: CRP and alkaline phosphatase: ALP). Additionally, combined EtOH intoxication and CO poisoning exerted an increase in H2O2, free iron and calcium levels. Impressively, SF‐AE treatment regulated levels of these studied intracellular mediators in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, SF‐AE can potentially improve liver and kidney injuries associated with biochemical parameter deregulations, possibly by controlling oxidative stress and inflammation

    Le merisier (Prunus avium L.), une espĂšce forestiĂšre Ă  usages multiples

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    Prunus avium (Rosaceae) is an important component of biodiversity in forest ecosystems because its fruits are eaten by many birds and it blooms early, which adds to its aesthetic value. It is a multi-purpose tree found in the forests of northwestern Tunisia. Local populations use this species as rootstock for cherry and wood for cabinetmaking. Natural stands, which have been steadily declining for decades, are under threat from a variety of anthropogenic pressures that are becoming increasingly intense, reducing the species' natural regeneration capacity. The study of its populations is necessary to have a good understanding of this species' ecological habitat in order to determine the conditions under which it develops and put in place appropriate management rules. Prunus avium has an aggregative spatial distribution. Some soil-related factors influence its regeneration. Prunus avium prefers loam-clay soils that are high in nitrogen and have a low C/N ratio. He prefers acidic pH soils (4.3 to 6.7). According to the results, this species is relatively resistant to cold (Tmin = 3°C) but extremely sensitive to summer drought (Tmax = 24°C). Prunus avium is rarely found below 150 m in the north-west of Tunisia, but it is common in riparian areas between 180 and 620 m, with a maximum around 550 m. According to the findings, this species prefers low (0-5%) and medium (10-15%) slopes. The heartwood of the cherry tree ranges in color from light honey to reddish brown to orange. This wood is intended for "honorable" jobs like interior carpentry and cabinetmaking. Our findings allow us to make relative recommendations for the management of Prunus avium through the production of cherry seedlings using the cutting root segment technique. As a result, planting this species at the most advantageous stations for wood production. Keywords: Prunus avium, birch wood, northwest Tunisia, ecological habitatPrunus avium (Rosaceae) est une composante de la biodiversitĂ© dans les Ă©cosystĂšmes forestiers; ses fruits sont consommĂ©s par de nombreux oiseaux et sa floraison prĂ©coce lui confĂšre une grande valeur esthĂ©tique. Arbre Ă  usages multiples, il est prĂ©sent dans la forĂȘt du nord-ouest tunisien. Cette espĂšce est exploitĂ©e comme porte-greffe pour le cerisier et comme bois pour l’ébĂ©nisterie par les populations locales. Les peuplements naturels, en constante diminution depuis quelques dizaines d’annĂ©es, sont menacĂ©s par diverses pressions anthropiques, de plus en plus fortes, rĂ©duisant les capacitĂ©s de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle de l’espĂšce. L’étude de ses populations est indispensable pour disposer d’une bonne connaissance de l’habitat Ă©cologique de cette espĂšce afin de dĂ©terminer les conditions dans lesquelles elle se dĂ©veloppe et mettre en place des rĂšgles appropriĂ©es de gestion. Prunus avium a une rĂ©partition spatiale agrĂ©gative. Certains facteurs liĂ©s au sol jouent un rĂŽle dans sa rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. En effet, Prunus avium prĂ©fĂšre les sols limono-argileux, riches en azote, avec un rapport C/N faibleb et un pH acide (4,3 Ă  6,7). Cette espĂšce rĂ©siste assez bien au froid (Tmin = 3°C) et est trĂšs sensible Ă  la sĂ©cheresse estivale (Tmax = 24°C). Au nord–ouest tunisien, la prĂ©sence de Prunus avium est rare au-dessous de 150 m d’altitude, alors qu’on le trouve rĂ©guliĂšrement en situation ripicole, entre 180 et 620 m, avec un maximum aux alentours de 550 m. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus sur cette espĂšce montrent qu’elle a une affinitĂ© pour les pentes faibles (0-5%) et moyennes (10-15%). Le merisier prĂ©sente un bois de cƓur dont la coloration naturelle varie de miel clair Ă  brun rougeĂątre en passant par des teintes orangĂ©es. Ce type de bois est destinĂ© Ă  des emplois «nobles» comme la menuiserie intĂ©rieure et l’ébĂ©nisterie. Nos Ă©tudes permettent de formuler des recommandations sur la gestion de Prunus avium par la production des plants du merisier en utilisant la technique de bouturage de segments de racine pour permettre la plantation de cette espĂšce au niveau des stations les plus favorables pour la production du bois. Mots clĂ©s: Habitat Ă©cologique, Prunus avium, bois du merisier, nord-ouest tunisie

    Phytochemical profile and antioxidant properties of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivatedin northwestern of Tunisia

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    The present study aims to study chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) cultivated in northwestern of Tunisia. Chemical composition of isolated rosemary essential oil was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities were determined in vitro using DPPH and ABTS assays. In this research, we identified 31 chemical compounds of the studied rosemary essential oil, and the main constituents were 1,8-cineole (20.07), eucalyptol (18.87), caryophyllene (9.49%), ?-pinene (8.52%), ?-thujone (7.42%) and ledol (6.39). We also showed that Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil (ROEO) present an important RSA (Radical Scavenging Activity) against DPPH and ABTS but lesser than BHT, used as reference antioxidant molecule. In conclusion we suggest that the proportion of monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown in vitro by ROEO. Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis, essential oils, phytochemical composition, antioxidant activitie
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