Systems-level analysis reveals multiple modulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and identifies DNAJB4 and CD81 as novel metastasis inducers in breast cancer

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is driven by complex signaling events that induce dramatic biochemical and morphological changes whereby epithelial cells are converted into cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we used mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics approach to systematically analyze the post-translational biochemical changes that drive differentiation of human mammary epithelial (HMLE) cells into mesenchymal. We identified 314 proteins out of more than 6,000 unique proteins and 871 phosphopeptides out of more than 7,000 unique phosphopeptides as differentially regulated. We found that phosphoproteome is more unstable and prone to changes during EMT compared with the proteome and multiple alterations at proteome level are not thoroughly represented by transcriptional data highlighting the necessity of proteome level analysis. We discovered cell state specific signaling pathways, such as Hippo, sphingolipid signaling, and unfolded protein response (UPR) by modeling the networks of regulated proteins and potential kinase-substrate groups. We identified two novel factors for EMT whose expression increased on EMT induction: DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B4 (DNAJB4) and cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81). Suppression of DNAJB4 or CD81 in mesenchymal breast cancer cells resulted in decreased cell migration in vitro and led to reduced primary tumor growth, extravasation, and lung metastasis in vivo. Overall, we performed the global proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of EMT, identified and validated new mRNA and/ or protein level modulators of EMT. This work also provides a unique platform and resource for future studies focusing on metastasis and drug resistanceTurkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanlig

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the questionnaire for the assessment of self-reported olfactory functioning and olfaction-related quality of life

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the questionnaire for the assessment of self-reported olfactory functioning and olfaction-related quality of life (ASOF).Methods: Three different surveys [ASOF, beck depression inventory (BDI), and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire] were completed by 112 subjects with subjective olfactory dysfunction (OD) and 21 healthy controls. Sniffin' Sticks tests were performed. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity were analyzed.Results: The Cronbach a coefficients for the ASOF self-reported capability of perceiving (ASOF-SRP) specific odors scale (SOC) and ASOF self-reported olfaction-related quality of life (ASOF-ORQ) were 0.98 and 0.97, with relatively high internal consistency, respectively. The test-retest reliability for the ASOF was high for all subscales. ASOF-SRP-SOC, ASOF-SRP, and ASOF-ORQ showed significant positive correlations with the overall SF-36 score and negative correlations with BDI. The ASOF scale scores in healthy controls were significantly higher than those in patients with hyposmia and anosmia (p=0.001). TDI composite score and its subscales (threshold, discrimination, and identification) showed significant negative correlations with the BDI score and significant positive correlations with each of the SF-36 domains and overall SF-36 scores and ASOF subtests.Conclusion: This study showed that the Turkish version of the ASOF is a reliable and valid measure to determine the olfactory function and impairment in daily life associated with OD. Because of the easy-to-use features of the ASOF, it is a useful tool for initial assessment and follow-up of the subjects with OD

Evaluation of Ecotourism Activities with Perspective in Promotion Brochures

Bu araştırmanın amacı; illerin tanıtım broşürlerinde ekoturizm aktivitelerine yer vermedurumlarının tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, T.C. Kültür ve TurizmBakanlığı ile İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlükleri resmi internet siteleri taranarak illerin Türkçetanıtım broşürlerine ulaşılmıştır. 69 ilin tanıtım broşürüne ulaşılırken; 12 ilin tanıtım broşürüneulaşılamamıştır. Analizler toplam 69 tanıtım broşürü üzerinden 18.03.2019-26.03.2019 tarihleriarasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; 31 il tanıtım broşürlerinde ekoturizmeyer vermektedir. Tanıtım broşürlerinde en fazla yer verilen ekoturizm aktivitesi; akarsuturizmidir. En az yer verilen ekoturizm aktivitesi ise; balon turizmidir. Spesifik ekoturizmçeşitlerinden ise tanıtımda en kullanılan aktivite snowboarding olarak tespit edilmiştir. İllerinbüyük çoğunluğunun bu araştırmada temel alınan ekoturizm aktiviteleri dışındaki herhangi birekoturizm aktivitesine tanıtım broşürlerinde yer vermediği belirlenmiştir. En fazla ekoturizmaktivitesine yer veren il ise Giresun olarak tespit edilmiştir.The purpose of this research; identifying the status of ecotourism activities in the promotionalbrochures of the provinces. For the purpose of the study, the official websites of the Republic ofTurkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourismhave been reviewed and Turkish promotional brochures of the provinces have been reached.The brochure of 69 provinces was reached and 12 provinces could not be reached. The analyzeswere performed on a total of 69 promotional brochures between 18.03.2019-26.03.2019.According to the data obtained; 31 provinces provide ecotourism in their brochures. Ecotourismactivity, which is the most frequently mentioned in the brochures; is water tourism. The leastinvolved ecotourism activity is; balloon tourism. Among the specific ecotourism types, the mostused activity in the promotion was snowboarding. It was determined that most of the provincesdid not include any ecotourism activity in the promotional brochures except the ecotourismactivities which were taken as basis in this study. Giresun is the province that has the mostecotourism activity

Assessments of the Prejudices of the Arab Tourists Against Turks: An Example of Eastern Black Sea Region

Turizm, kültürlerarası etkileşim süreçlerine ortam hazırlamaktadır. Bu durum, farklımilliyetlerin birbirlerine karşı olan tutumlarının da incelenmesini gerekli bir alan halinegetirmiştir. Nitekim etkileşim süreçlerinde birbirlerinin kültürel farklılıklarını göz ardı ederektutum geliştiren taraflarda, tehdit algılaması söz konusu olabilmektedir. Algılanan tehditler ise;bütünleşik tehdit teorisini kapsayan, gerçekçi tehditler, sembolik tehditler, olumsuz yargılar vegruplar arası kaygı olmak üzere dört tehdit çeşidinden oluşmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, DoğuKaradeniz Bölgesi’ne gelen Arap turistlerin, “Bütünleşik Tehdit Teorisi” çerçevesinde, Türklerekarşı önyargılı yaklaşıp yaklaşmama durumlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçdoğrultusunda; Nisan-Haziran 2019 tarihlerinde Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ni ziyaret eden 410Arap turiste anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; Arap turistlerinçoğunluğunun Türklerle iletişim kurmaktan çekinmediği ve Türklerin birbirine benzer tutumasahip olmadığını düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Arap turistlerin Doğu KaradenizBölgesi’ni ziyaretleri boyunca algılamış oldukları bütünleşik tehditlerin, Türklere karşıönyargılı davranmalarına neden olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, Arap turistleriçin; gerçekçi tehditlerin, sembolik tehditlerin, olumsuz yargıların, gruplar arası kaygıların vebütünleşik tehditlerin algılanması ile Türklere karşı önyargılı davranmalarının arasındaanlamlı, pozitif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Tourism prepares the environment for cross-cultural interaction processes. This situation madeit necessary to examine the attitudes of different nationalities towards each other. In theinteraction process of the tourists, because they develop an attitude by ignoring the culturaldifferences, a threat perceive happens for both sides. The perceived threats which containsintegrated threat theory is composed of four threats such as real threats, symbolic threats,wrong judices, cross-group anxiety. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the prejudice of thetourists coming from the Arab countries to the Eastern Black Sea Region within the frameworkof “Integrated Threat Theory”. In accordance with this purpose; a survey was conducted on 410Arab tourists visiting the Eastern Black Sea Region in April-June 2019. As a result of theresearch; it was determined that the majority of Arab tourists did not hesitate to communicatewith the Turks and that the Turks did not have similar attitudes. Moreover; it was concludedthat the integrated threats perceived by Arab tourists during their visit to the Eastern Black SeaRegion caused prejudice against the Turks. Consequently, for Arab tourists; it was found thatthere is a significant, positive and moderate relationship between the perception of real threats,symbolic threats, wrong judices, cross-group anxiety, integrated threats and their prejudiceagainst Turks

Evaluation of pai-1 polymorphisms in central and peripheral thromboembolies

Thromboembolism is a clinical finding that occurs due to thrombus; formed in the vascular system and has various etiological factors. It can be classified as central and peripheral thromboembolism. Our objective in this study is to explore genetic risk factors in central and peripheral thromboembolism and reveal the differences. 342 thromboembolism patients were retrospectively included to the study between January 2016 and December 2019. Demographic characteristics, risk factors for thromboembolism and genetic mutations in central and peripheral thromboembolism groups were overviewed. The genetic mutations evaluated in patients were Factor V Leiden G1691A, Factor V HR1299R, Factor II (Prothrombin) G20210A, MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) C677T, MTHFR A1298C, PAI 4G/5G. Within the scope of the study, genetic analyzes of 106 patients were reached and included in the study. Seventy-two central thromboembolism (69.8%), 34 (31.2%) peripheral thromboembolisms were detected. Sixty-three of the central thromboembolisms were from arterial and nine were from venous origin. There was no significant difference between age, gender and risk factors of central thromboembolism and peripheral thromboembolism patients (p0.05), but smoking was more common in central thromboembolism patients (p: 0.041). 4G/5G polymorphism was observed more frequently in patients with central thromboembolism (p: 0.039). Thromboembolism is a multifactorial disease, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism is a medium risk factor for thromboembolism. We conclude that PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism is more frequent in central thromboembolism than peripheral thromboembolism and its evaluation can give more information about the thromboembolic risk analyze

A Conceptual Assessment on the Importance of Employee Happiness in Tourism Enterprises

Employees must do their work voluntarily with love and in happiness to ensure working with the same extent of excitement each day within the premises of their workplaces where they spend the most efficient and longest duration of their lives. The significance of human resources for the enterprises is an indisputable fact in terms of the competition environment we live in today. As a matter of fact, especially the happy employers working in tourism enterprises ensure happiness on part of the customers. From this point of view, in this study, it is aimed to examine the current practices with the necessity of creating happiness department as a function of human resources by considering the happiness of employees working in tourism enterprises. In this context; in this study, the concepts and the concepts related to the subject of literature search and the elements related to the subject, happiness, happiness in the workplace, the happiness of employees and the importance of happiness in tourism enterprises were examined in a conceptual framework. In addition, in the tourism sector, where the need for manpower is an indisputable issue, the benefits of creating a happiness department to tourism enterprises are discussed. As a result of the research, it is revealed that tourism enterprises must create a happiness department either as a single department or under the human resources department considering the current capacities.Çalışanların yaşamlarının en verimli ve uzun dönemini geçirdikleri iş yerlerine her gün aynı heyecanla gidip çalışması için işini severek ve mutlu bir şekilde yapması gerekmektedir. Günümüz rekabet ortamında insan kaynağının işletmeler açısından ne denli önemli olduğu tartışılmaz bir gerçektir. Nitekim özellikle turizm işletmelerinde mutlu çalışan, mutlu müşteri yaratmaktadır. Buradan hareketle, bu araştırmada; turizm işletmelerinde çalışan mutluluğu konusu ele alınarak, insan kaynaklarının bir fonksiyonu olarak “mutluluk departmanı” oluşturulmasının gerekliliği ile mevcut uygulamaların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede; araştırmada, literatür taraması yöntemi ile kavramlar ve konu ile ilgili unsurlar açıklanmaya çalışılarak, mutluluk, iş yerinde mutluluk, çalışan mutluluğu ve turizm işletmelerinde çalışan mutluluğunun önemi kavramsal çerçevede incelenmiştir. Ayrıca insan gücüne olan gereksinimin tartışma götürmez bir konu olduğu turizm sektöründe, “mutluluk departmanı” oluşturmanın turizm işletmelerine sağlayacağı faydalar ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; turizm işletmelerinin mevcut kapasiteleri göz önünde bulundurularak ya tek bir bölüm olarak ya da insan kaynakları departmanı altında mutlaka mutluluk departmanı oluşturmaları gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştı

Olfactory training ball improves adherence and olfactory outcomes in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction

Purpose In an effort to make olfactory training (OT) simpler, we designed an 'olfactory training ball' (OTB)-a baseball-size ball with four odor-containing tubes to use in OT. The study aimed to investigate the effects of OT with the OTB in comparison to classical OT with special attention to the effects of adherence to OT on olfactory outcome measures. Methods Sixty patients with olfactory dysfunction following infections of the upper respiratory tract received OT either with classical methods-sniffing odors from jars (COT)-or the OTB for 12 weeks. Patients exposed themselves to the odors for 5 min twice daily. Adherence was measured with a modified version of the Morisky scale. Before and after OT, all patients underwent extensive olfactory testing using the Sniffin' Sticks test. Results At the end of the 12 weeks of OT, TDI composite score (22.1 +/- 2.8 vs. 19.9 +/- 4.7, P = 0.044) and odor discrimination subtest scores (9.1 +/- 1.8 vs.7.6 +/- 2.5, P = 0.013) of the OTB group were significantly higher than that of the COT group. Adequate adherence to OT was significantly higher in patients receiving OTB when compared to those receiving COT (63% vs. 30%, P = 0.019). Conclusion The present study shows that a novel OT device, the OTB, provides better adherence to the training process compared to COT. Moreover, findings of the current study show that better adherence to the OT process is associated with better olfactory outcomes

The frequency of complementary and integrative medicine methods in headache patients and their spending habits

WOS: 000446399100006PubMed ID: 29306601Background: It is known that complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) methods are especially used by patients with chronic headaches. The aim of our study is to increase the knowledge on this topic, to provide objective data about use in Turkish headache patients. Methods: This study included 425 patients with headache. The survey form prepared was filled in under the supervision of a health professional. The questionnaire included 2 items, about CIM methods and finance. Results: Among the patients evaluated, 316 were female, and 109 were male. All of 52% answered yes to the question "did you ever use any CIM treatment method for headaches during your life?". The most frequently used methods were combined (herbal + one or more other method) (29.6%), herbal (9.4%) and cupping therapy (4.2%). Among the patients that used combined methods, 26.9% had spent 30-100 TL (5-25 euro), 20.6% had spent 100-300 TL (25-70 euro), 26.9% had spent 300-500 TL (70-120 euro) and the last two groups that formed 12.6% had spent 500-1000 (120-250 euro) and >1000 TL (>250 euro). Conclusion: Half of the patients that applied to outpatient clinic with headaches use one or more of these methods and make budgets in accordance with their income levels. Physicians should have sufficient knowledge and clinical opinions about the CIM methods used by headache patients

The use of complementary and alternative medicine and its expenditure by a sample of Turkish headache patients

5th International Congress of the European-Headache-and-Migraine-Trust (EHMTIC) -- SEP 15-18, 2016 -- Glasgow, SCOTLANDWOS: 000386019000235…European Headache & Migraine Trus

Olfactory dysfunction and cognition in radiologically isolated syndrome and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, demyelinating disease that causes cognitive, olfactory, and other neurological dysfunctions. Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS), in which only radiological findings are monitored, is accepted as the preclinical stage of demyelinating disease and is considered an important period for disease pathology. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the olfactory and cognitive functions and their clinical correlation in RIS and Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) patients and a healthy control group. METHODS: Our study included 10 RRMS patients, 10 RIS patients, and 10 healthy controls. We conducted an olfactor evaluation via the "Sniffin' Sticks" test. The subjects underwent a neuropsychometric test battery to evaluate cognitive functions, including memory, visuospatial, and executive functions. Depression was evaluated using the Beck depression scale. Fatigue and daily life activity were evaluated using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), respectively. Disability assessment was done with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). RESULTS: RRMS and RIS patients' olfactory test scores were significantly different from those in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the odor threshold scores of patients in the RRMS and RIS groups. There was a significant correlation between memory-oriented cognitive tests and olfactory tests in the RRMS and RIS groups. CONCLUSION: Olfactory dysfunction can be seen in RIS patients, like in RRMS patients. Cognitive and olfactory dysfunction may be together a sign of degeneration in demyelinating diseases