Accuracy of Multiple Pour Cast from Various Elastomer Impression Methods

The accurate duplicate cast obtained from a single impression reduces the profession clinical time, patient inconvenience, and extra material cost. The stainless steel working cast model assembly consisting of two abutments and one pontic area was fabricated. Two sets of six each custom aluminum trays were fabricated, with five mm spacer and two mm spacer. The impression methods evaluated during the study were additional silicone putty reline (two steps), heavy-light body (one step), monophase (one step), and polyether (one step). Type IV gypsum casts were poured at the interval of one hour, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The resultant cast was measured with traveling microscope for the comparative dimensional accuracy. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance test at significance level <0.05. The die obtained from two-step putty reline impression techniques had the percentage of variation for the height −0.36 to −0.97%, while diameter was increased by 0.40–0.90%. The values for one-step heavy-light body impression dies, additional silicone monophase impressions, and polyether were −0.73 to −1.21%, −1.34%, and −1.46% for the height and 0.50–0.80%, 1.20%, and −1.30% for the width, respectively

Phenomena of Removal of Crystal Violet from Wastewater Using Khulays Natural Bentonite

The study investigates the phenomena involved in the crystal violet (CV) removal using the Khulays natural bentonite from the wastewater. The batch technique was utilized for performing the adsorption experiments. The operating systems were used for the investigation of the adsorption behaviour in the study, which included the initial CV concentration, time taken for shaking, the dosage of adsorbent, and the initial solution pH. The Freundlich isotherm framework and the Langmuir data were assessed in the experiment. The study outcome revealed that the equilibrium in the study was reached when shaking takes place for about 40 minutes. Additionally, the data of the sorption revealed that the enhancement of the CV concentration at the start mitigates the percentage of the CV removal as a result of which saturation integration in the Khulays bentonite dye occurs. The initial improvement in the solution pH led to improved CV adsorption. The data achieved at the isotherm adsorption were found adequate with the frameworks of Freundlich isotherm and Langmuir. Along with it, the model of pseudo-second-order kinetics was used to exhibit the adsorption of crystal violet with the Khulays natural bentonite. The Khulays natural bentonite adsorption of CV was demonstrated by the thermodynamic data exhibiting its spontaneous as well as endothermic nature. The study concludes that basic dyes can be effectively removed from the wastewater by the use of Khulays natural bentonite

Title on signature form: Assessing perceptions/attitudes towards eco-friendly behaviors with an attitudinal model of collaborative consumption

Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only.Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only.Thesis (M.A.)Department of Marketin

The cultural history of Shanran al-Aridah tribe from the Umayyad era to the third Saudi Kingdom / Ali Saad Al Zahifah Al-Shahrani

Answering the call to re-write the Social History of the Kingdom of Saudi based on new, reformed perspectives of recent years and with the purpose to extend and overcome writings on the topics of political history with an orientation towards highlighting social, economic and cultural aspects following the point of view highlighting effective roles of society in historical events witnessed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. On this basis, this study will be giving importance and focusing on the cultural roles for Syahran Al-‘Aridhah Tribes which are considered the most reknowned of Arabic tribes that plays important cultural, political and economic roles in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although the roles played were amongst the most important roles played, there is still no study and analysis done on them. Therefore, this study intends to try to identify and analise these important roles and the different patterns in their cultural, scientific and literature heritage between the time of the Umayyad Caliphate until the formation of the third Arab State. As an added point, contributions of these tribes throughout the priod studied in the dissemination of knowledge will be also be included. Historical analysis and descriptive method will be used in this study, together with interviews conducted with a number of Syeikhs of the Tribes, their most reknowned narrators and historians. This research was able to gain some important findings throughout this study, amongst them being that the Syahran Tribes possess a wide social heritage, that include their scholars’ and writers’ roles in enriching their cultural and intellectual life. Thus, this study suggests the need to preserve these social heritage of the said tribe together with the other tribes by arranging and directing scientific studies around its studies, its analysis and its documentation. By doing so, a connection and analysis of those phenomenon with their cultural, social and scientific patterns that contributes greatly in the understanding of today’s social reality in order to solve the many problems and barriers faced by the society. Then, returning to history and extracting their contributions on the societal level will lead to the revelation of the most important historical events

Evaluation of calcium hydroxide removal using EndoActivator system: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) removal efficacy of the EndoActivator system with that of conventional irrigation with a syringe and hand file manipulation. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars were used. The root canal systems of all teeth were cleaned and shaped, then filled with Ca(OH) 2 paste. The teeth were divided into two groups: Ca(OH) 2 was removed using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with hand filing and irrigation (Group 1) or the EndoActivator system (Group 2). Each tooth was split into two halves and examined under a scanning electron microscope. Results: Ca(OH) 2 particles were completely removed at the coronal level in both experimental groups. More Ca(OH) 2 particles were present in the apical third than in the middle-third in both groups. No significant interaction was observed between the two experimental groups or among the three examined levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Agitation with NaOCl and EDTA improved Ca(OH) 2 removal only in the coronal third of the root canal. Use of the EndoActivator system did not improve the efficacy of Ca(OH) 2 removal in the middle and apical thirds

Ionic Liquid (1-Butyl-3-Metylimidazolium Methane Sulphonate) Corrosion and Energy Analysis for High Pressure CO2 Absorption Process

This study explores the possible use of ionic liquids as a solvent in a commercial high-pressure CO2 removal process, to gain environmental and energy benefits. There are two main constraints in realizing this: ionic liquids can be corrosive, specifically when mixed with a water/amine solution with dissolved O2 &amp; CO2; and CO2 absorption within this process is not very well understood. Therefore, scavenging CO2 to ppm levels from process gas comes with several risks. We used 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoium methane sulphonate [bmim][MS] as an ionic liquid because of its high corrosiveness (due to its acidic nature) to estimate the ranges of expected corrosion in the process. TAFEL technique was used to determine these rates. Further, the process was simulated based on the conventional absorption&ndash;desorption process using ASPEN HYSYS v 8.6. After preliminary model validation with the amine solution, [bmim][MS] was modeled based on the properties found in the literature. The energy comparison was then provided and the optimum ratio of the ionic liquid/amine solution was calculated