4 research outputs found
Hazard Assessment of NPP KrŔko for Republic of Croatia
While Croatia does not have nuclear power plant on its territory, NPP KrŔko in Slovenia is just
10 km from the Croatian border. It is important for Croatia to include NPP KrŔko in comprehensive
hazard assessment. This article will present hazard assessment based on calculations using RODOS.
Real-time weather prepared by Croatian National Weather Service and collected by the State Office
for Radiological and Nuclear Safety over the years will be used. Scenario resulting in the large release
from the NPP will be analysed. Results from hundreds of calculations will be statistically analysed
and compared to the current protection zones in Croatia around the NPP KrŔk
Operational intervention level model for nuclear emergency preparedness
U projektiranju, izgradnji i pogonu nuklearnih postrojenja poduzimaju se razliÄite radnje kojima je cilj reduciranje rizika pojave nuklearne nesreÄe. Mala vjerojatnost pojave sekvenci dogaÄaja koje bi dovele do ispuÅ”tanja veÄih koliÄina radioaktivnih tvari u okoliÅ” ipak postoji. Takve sekvence dogaÄaja nazivamo nuklearne nesreÄe. U svrhu umanjivanja posljedica nuklearnih nesreÄa uspostavljaju se sustavi nuklearne pripravnosti. U sluÄaju nuklearne nesreÄe slijed dogaÄaja je izrazito brz. Odluke o poduzimanju mjera moraju biti donesene u vrlo kratkom roku, a istovremeno moraju biti opravdane. Zbog toga je razvijen pristup odluÄivanja o poduzimanju mjera zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja koji se temelji na intervencijskim razinama. Intervencijske razine su unaprijed definirane graniÄne vrijednosti radijacijskih doza. Primjena pojedine mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja smatra se opravdanom samo ukoliko se procjenjuje da je moguÄe izbjeÄi veÄu dozu od one propisane intervencijskom razinom. Intervencijske razine iskazuju se u obliku doza koje je moguÄe izbjeÄi poduzimanjem pojedine mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja. One se u pravilu ne mogu izravno mjeriti te se zbog toga definiraju operativne intervencijske razine (OIL). OIL-i se izvode iz intervencijskih razina i skupa dodatnih pretpostavki i izravno su usporedivi s rezultatima mjerenja na terenu. U okviru ovog magistarskog rada izraÄen je analitiÄki model za odreÄivanje OIL-a za izlaganje radioaktivnom oblaku. Mjere zaÅ”tite koje se primjenjuju u tom sluÄaju su zaklanjanje, evakuacija i jodna profilaksa. Svrha izrade ovog modela jest uvoÄenje vremenske ovisnosti u izraÄun predefiniranih vrijednosti OIL-a za hitne mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja. TakoÄer, ovim se modelom omoguÄuje i razlikovanje navedenih OIL-a u ovisnosti o vrsti nesreÄe. Poseban naglasak prilikom izrade modela postavljen je na utvrÄivanje vremenske ovisnosti omjera brzine ukupne efektivne doze i brzine ambijentalne doze (faktor R). Pri odreÄivanju OIL-a uvažene su vrijednosti intervencijskih razina propisane hrvatskim zakonodavstvom. Rezultati analize naÄinjene pomoÄu modela ukazuju na to da vrsta nesreÄe i vremenska ovisnost faktora R bitno utjeÄe na sva tri OIL-a za izlaganje radioaktivnom oblaku. Rezultat ovog rada je preporuka o koriÅ”tenju predefiniranih vrijednosti OIL-a koje ovise o vrsti nesreÄe i o vremenu proteklom od obustave reaktora.During the process of designing, construction and operation all necessary measures are undertaken to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants. In spite of that, there is a slight possibility of uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment. Such event is called nuclear accident. The purpose of the development of nuclear emergency preparedness is to prevent or reduce nuclear accident consequences. In the case of nuclear accident the time sequence is extremely short. Because of that, all countermeasures have to be introduced at a short notice and have to be justified. To fulfill that task, a decisionmaking system based on intervention levels for taking countermeasures has been developed. Intervention level is the level of avertable dose at which a specific countermeasure or remedial action is taken in an emergency exposure situation or a chronic exposure situation. Since avertable doses can't be measured directly operational intervention levels (OIL) are defined. OILs are derived from intervention levels and a set of additional assumptions. They are directly comparable with results of on site measurements. In this masterās thesis a simple analytic model for calculation of OILs based on dose rates in a radioactive plum is developed and implemented. The model has two main purposes. The first is to determine time-dependence of predefined OILs for early phase countermeasures. The second is to analyze these OILs according to type of nuclear accident. The main focus in model development was put on ratio of total dose rate to ambient dose rate (factor R). Results of the analysis have shown that types of nuclear accident and timedependence of factor R influence all three OIL for early countermeasures. Based on results of the analysis, a recommendation of this masterās thesis is to use more than one value of predefined OILs during the early phase of a nuclear accident. Values of OILs should be determined depending on nuclear accident type and the time passed since reactor was shut down
Operational intervention level model for nuclear emergency preparedness
U projektiranju, izgradnji i pogonu nuklearnih postrojenja poduzimaju se razliÄite radnje kojima je cilj reduciranje rizika pojave nuklearne nesreÄe. Mala vjerojatnost pojave sekvenci dogaÄaja koje bi dovele do ispuÅ”tanja veÄih koliÄina radioaktivnih tvari u okoliÅ” ipak postoji. Takve sekvence dogaÄaja nazivamo nuklearne nesreÄe. U svrhu umanjivanja posljedica nuklearnih nesreÄa uspostavljaju se sustavi nuklearne pripravnosti. U sluÄaju nuklearne nesreÄe slijed dogaÄaja je izrazito brz. Odluke o poduzimanju mjera moraju biti donesene u vrlo kratkom roku, a istovremeno moraju biti opravdane. Zbog toga je razvijen pristup odluÄivanja o poduzimanju mjera zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja koji se temelji na intervencijskim razinama. Intervencijske razine su unaprijed definirane graniÄne vrijednosti radijacijskih doza. Primjena pojedine mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja smatra se opravdanom samo ukoliko se procjenjuje da je moguÄe izbjeÄi veÄu dozu od one propisane intervencijskom razinom. Intervencijske razine iskazuju se u obliku doza koje je moguÄe izbjeÄi poduzimanjem pojedine mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja. One se u pravilu ne mogu izravno mjeriti te se zbog toga definiraju operativne intervencijske razine (OIL). OIL-i se izvode iz intervencijskih razina i skupa dodatnih pretpostavki i izravno su usporedivi s rezultatima mjerenja na terenu. U okviru ovog magistarskog rada izraÄen je analitiÄki model za odreÄivanje OIL-a za izlaganje radioaktivnom oblaku. Mjere zaÅ”tite koje se primjenjuju u tom sluÄaju su zaklanjanje, evakuacija i jodna profilaksa. Svrha izrade ovog modela jest uvoÄenje vremenske ovisnosti u izraÄun predefiniranih vrijednosti OIL-a za hitne mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja. TakoÄer, ovim se modelom omoguÄuje i razlikovanje navedenih OIL-a u ovisnosti o vrsti nesreÄe. Poseban naglasak prilikom izrade modela postavljen je na utvrÄivanje vremenske ovisnosti omjera brzine ukupne efektivne doze i brzine ambijentalne doze (faktor R). Pri odreÄivanju OIL-a uvažene su vrijednosti intervencijskih razina propisane hrvatskim zakonodavstvom. Rezultati analize naÄinjene pomoÄu modela ukazuju na to da vrsta nesreÄe i vremenska ovisnost faktora R bitno utjeÄe na sva tri OIL-a za izlaganje radioaktivnom oblaku. Rezultat ovog rada je preporuka o koriÅ”tenju predefiniranih vrijednosti OIL-a koje ovise o vrsti nesreÄe i o vremenu proteklom od obustave reaktora.During the process of designing, construction and operation all necessary measures are undertaken to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants. In spite of that, there is a slight possibility of uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment. Such event is called nuclear accident. The purpose of the development of nuclear emergency preparedness is to prevent or reduce nuclear accident consequences. In the case of nuclear accident the time sequence is extremely short. Because of that, all countermeasures have to be introduced at a short notice and have to be justified. To fulfill that task, a decisionmaking system based on intervention levels for taking countermeasures has been developed. Intervention level is the level of avertable dose at which a specific countermeasure or remedial action is taken in an emergency exposure situation or a chronic exposure situation. Since avertable doses can't be measured directly operational intervention levels (OIL) are defined. OILs are derived from intervention levels and a set of additional assumptions. They are directly comparable with results of on site measurements. In this masterās thesis a simple analytic model for calculation of OILs based on dose rates in a radioactive plum is developed and implemented. The model has two main purposes. The first is to determine time-dependence of predefined OILs for early phase countermeasures. The second is to analyze these OILs according to type of nuclear accident. The main focus in model development was put on ratio of total dose rate to ambient dose rate (factor R). Results of the analysis have shown that types of nuclear accident and timedependence of factor R influence all three OIL for early countermeasures. Based on results of the analysis, a recommendation of this masterās thesis is to use more than one value of predefined OILs during the early phase of a nuclear accident. Values of OILs should be determined depending on nuclear accident type and the time passed since reactor was shut down
Operational intervention level model for nuclear emergency preparedness
U projektiranju, izgradnji i pogonu nuklearnih postrojenja poduzimaju se razliÄite radnje kojima je cilj reduciranje rizika pojave nuklearne nesreÄe. Mala vjerojatnost pojave sekvenci dogaÄaja koje bi dovele do ispuÅ”tanja veÄih koliÄina radioaktivnih tvari u okoliÅ” ipak postoji. Takve sekvence dogaÄaja nazivamo nuklearne nesreÄe. U svrhu umanjivanja posljedica nuklearnih nesreÄa uspostavljaju se sustavi nuklearne pripravnosti. U sluÄaju nuklearne nesreÄe slijed dogaÄaja je izrazito brz. Odluke o poduzimanju mjera moraju biti donesene u vrlo kratkom roku, a istovremeno moraju biti opravdane. Zbog toga je razvijen pristup odluÄivanja o poduzimanju mjera zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja koji se temelji na intervencijskim razinama. Intervencijske razine su unaprijed definirane graniÄne vrijednosti radijacijskih doza. Primjena pojedine mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja smatra se opravdanom samo ukoliko se procjenjuje da je moguÄe izbjeÄi veÄu dozu od one propisane intervencijskom razinom. Intervencijske razine iskazuju se u obliku doza koje je moguÄe izbjeÄi poduzimanjem pojedine mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja. One se u pravilu ne mogu izravno mjeriti te se zbog toga definiraju operativne intervencijske razine (OIL). OIL-i se izvode iz intervencijskih razina i skupa dodatnih pretpostavki i izravno su usporedivi s rezultatima mjerenja na terenu. U okviru ovog magistarskog rada izraÄen je analitiÄki model za odreÄivanje OIL-a za izlaganje radioaktivnom oblaku. Mjere zaÅ”tite koje se primjenjuju u tom sluÄaju su zaklanjanje, evakuacija i jodna profilaksa. Svrha izrade ovog modela jest uvoÄenje vremenske ovisnosti u izraÄun predefiniranih vrijednosti OIL-a za hitne mjere zaÅ”tite i spaÅ”avanja. TakoÄer, ovim se modelom omoguÄuje i razlikovanje navedenih OIL-a u ovisnosti o vrsti nesreÄe. Poseban naglasak prilikom izrade modela postavljen je na utvrÄivanje vremenske ovisnosti omjera brzine ukupne efektivne doze i brzine ambijentalne doze (faktor R). Pri odreÄivanju OIL-a uvažene su vrijednosti intervencijskih razina propisane hrvatskim zakonodavstvom. Rezultati analize naÄinjene pomoÄu modela ukazuju na to da vrsta nesreÄe i vremenska ovisnost faktora R bitno utjeÄe na sva tri OIL-a za izlaganje radioaktivnom oblaku. Rezultat ovog rada je preporuka o koriÅ”tenju predefiniranih vrijednosti OIL-a koje ovise o vrsti nesreÄe i o vremenu proteklom od obustave reaktora.During the process of designing, construction and operation all necessary measures are undertaken to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants. In spite of that, there is a slight possibility of uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment. Such event is called nuclear accident. The purpose of the development of nuclear emergency preparedness is to prevent or reduce nuclear accident consequences. In the case of nuclear accident the time sequence is extremely short. Because of that, all countermeasures have to be introduced at a short notice and have to be justified. To fulfill that task, a decisionmaking system based on intervention levels for taking countermeasures has been developed. Intervention level is the level of avertable dose at which a specific countermeasure or remedial action is taken in an emergency exposure situation or a chronic exposure situation. Since avertable doses can't be measured directly operational intervention levels (OIL) are defined. OILs are derived from intervention levels and a set of additional assumptions. They are directly comparable with results of on site measurements. In this masterās thesis a simple analytic model for calculation of OILs based on dose rates in a radioactive plum is developed and implemented. The model has two main purposes. The first is to determine time-dependence of predefined OILs for early phase countermeasures. The second is to analyze these OILs according to type of nuclear accident. The main focus in model development was put on ratio of total dose rate to ambient dose rate (factor R). Results of the analysis have shown that types of nuclear accident and timedependence of factor R influence all three OIL for early countermeasures. Based on results of the analysis, a recommendation of this masterās thesis is to use more than one value of predefined OILs during the early phase of a nuclear accident. Values of OILs should be determined depending on nuclear accident type and the time passed since reactor was shut down