Role of Road Transport Inspection in the Implementation of EU Regulations and Directives in Croatia

S ulaskom Republike Hrvatske u punopravno članstvo Europske unije započela je nova faza u radu inspekcije cestovnog prometa Ministarstva pomorstva, prometa i infrastrukture. Velik broj uredbi i direktiva Europske komisije i parlamenta te domaći zakonski propisi Republike Hrvatske koji su time stupili na snagu, postavili su nove izazove pred sve službenike inspekcije: pred rukovodstvo, u smislu edukacije inspektora i zainteresirane stručne javnosti, sudjelovanja u javnim raspravama i na stručnim sastancima te suradnje s drugim nadležnim državnim tijelima, a pred inspektore u smislu stjecanja i primjene novih znanja i vještina te u smislu provedbe novih procedura nadzora. U radu se istražuju i opisuju dosadašnja iskustva s tim u vezi. Prikazuju se aktivnosti inspekcije cestovnog prometa kroz TWINNING projekt, članstvo u ECR-u i CORTE-u, aktivnosti u smislu edukativne i represivne uloge inspekcije unutar sustava transportne industrije, ali i problemi s kojima se inspekcija cestovnog prometa u Hrvatskoj susretala i susreće pri ostvarivanju svojih zadaća. Također se u radu daje i usporedba iskustava inspekcije cestovnog prometa Republike Hrvatske i drugih zemalja članica EU-a u procesu prilagodbe standardima EU-a kod provedbe nadzora prijevoza u cestovnom prometu. Cjelokupno istraživanje utemeljeno je na aktualnoj cestovno-transportnoj pravnoj regulativi koja se primjenjuje u tzv. socijalnom zakonodavstvu u cestovnom prometu te u zakonodavstvu koje regulira pristup u djelatnost cestovnog prijevoza tereta i putnika te obavljanje te djelatnosti.The accession of the Croatia to the European Union marked the beginning of a new period in the work and activities of the Road Traffic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure. A large number of regulations and directives of the European Commission and Parliament, and the new internal legislation of the Republic of Croatian which thus entered into force, set new challenges for all inspection officers: before the leadership, in terms of staff training and the expert public, participation in public debates and expert meetings and cooperation with other competent authorities; before inspectors, in terms of acquiring and implementing new knowledge and skills; and in terms of the implementation of new monitoring procedures. The paper explores and describes the experience in this regard to date. The authors present an outline of the activities carried out within Roadside Inspections twinning projects, membership in ECR and CORTE, activities in terms of the educational and repressive role of the inspection within the transport industry, but also the problems faced by road transport inspectors in Croatia, encountered in achieving its task. The paper also provides a comparison of experiences and the Inspection of Road Transport of the Republic of Croatia and the neighbouring EU countries (Slovenia, Hungary) in the process of adjustment to EU standards in the implementation of monitoring road transport services. The entire research is based on the current road-transport legal regulation that applies primarily to the so-called social legislation in road transport, and in legislation regulating road transport of goods and passengers

THE ROLE OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN CROATIAN TOURISM

Povezanost prometa i turizma u suvremenom gospodarstvu zahtijeva detaljnija istraživanja. Promet i turizam, kao međusobno povezani fenomeni, ovise jedan o drugome, utječu jedan na drugoga, a gospodarskom strategijom Republike Hrvatske određeni su kao jedni od nositelja gospodarskog razvitka zemlje. Pozitivni i negativni efekti kojima promet utječe na razvoj turizma s vremenom postaju sve izraženiji, te ih je potrebno međusobno usklađivati na osnovama održivog razvitka, čuvajući čovjekov okoliš, na čemu se temelji turizam u Hrvatskoj. Dosadašnja prometna politika neravnomjernog razvoja prometnog sustava, po kojoj se cestovni promet brzo razvijao posebice kroz izgradnju objekata prometne infrastrukture, dok su druge prometne grane stagnirale, ne može osigurati kvalitetnu logističku potporu turizmu u budućnosti. Zbog toga se ovim radom daje daljnji doprinos istraživanju povezanosti prometa i turizma. U radu se navode najvažnije uloge koje promet ima u turizmu, analizira se odnos pojedinih prometnih grana i turizma, valorizira se povoljan geografski položaj Republike Hrvatske kroz osvrt na mrežu europskih prometnih koridora, te se krozstatističke podatke analizira percepcija turista koji dolaze u Hrvatsku vezana za ulogu i kvalitetu prometa u njihovim turističkim aktivnostima. Zaključno se daje kratak osvrt na tendencije razvoja prometa u budućnost, kroz analizu definiranih strateških pravaca razvoja prometnog sustava u funkciji hrvatskog turizma.The relationship between transport and tourism in a modern economy requires further research. Transport and tourism, as mutually interrelated phenomena, depend on one another, and the economic strategy of the Republic of Croatia places them among principal factors in the country’s economic development. The positive and negative effects of transport on tourism development are becoming more obvious and the two need to be harmonised on the basis of sustainable development, by preserving the human environment, which is the basis of Croatian tourism. The former transport policy of unequal development of the transport system, as a result of which road transport developed rapidly, in particular through the construction of transport infrastructure facilities, while other branches of transport stagnated, cannot ensure high-quality logistical support to tourism in the future. This paper provides a further contribution to research on the relationship between transport and tourism. The paper summarises the most important roles played by transport in tourism, analyses the relationship between individual modes of transport and tourism, evaluates the favourable geographic position of the Republic of Croatia through an overview of the network of European corridors, and, on the basis of statistical data, analyses the perception of tourists visiting Croatia with regard to the role and quality of transport in their tourism activities. In conclusion, a brief overview of future trends in transport is provided through an analysis of the defined strategic lines of transport development as a function of Croatian tourism

Restructuring models for road traffic inspections in Republic of Croatia

Opseg aktivnosti Inspekcije cestovnog prometa u Hrvatskoj je s ulaskom u Europsku Uniju znatno povećan, prvenstveno zbog nadzora primjene socijalnog zakonodavstva u cestovnom prijevozu koje regulira područje radnih vremena mobilnih radnika, područje tahografa i tahografskih radionica te izdavanje memorijskih kartica za vozače, servisere i prijevoznike. Nameće se pitanje da li je Inspekcija cestovnog prometa u Republici Hrvatskoj ustrojena na pravi način te da li se postojećom organizacijom i načinom funkcioniranja mogu ispuniti sve postavljene zadaće. Stoga se u ovom radu primjenom znanstvenih metoda predlažu i analiziraju modeli mogućeg preustroja Inspekcije cestovnog prometa u Republici Hrvatskoj, prednosti i nedostaci predloženih modela te mogućnosti daljnjeg poboljšanja rada ove službe.The scope of activities of Road traffic inspection in Croatia was increased significantly by the accession to the European Union, primarily due to control of application of social legislation in road transport that regulates working time of mobile workers, the area of the tachographs and tachograph workshops and issuing of memory cards for drivers, service technicians and transporters. The question is whether the Road traffic inspection in the Republic of Croatia is organized in the right way and whether the existing organization and the functioning can fulfil all the set tasks. Therefore, this paper proposes application of scientific methods for analysing of models for possible restructuring of Road traffic inspection in the Republic of Croatia, advantages and disadvantages of the proposed models and the possibility of further improvement of this service

Upravljanje kvalitetom u javnom cestovnom prijevozu putnika : doktorska disertacija

Doktorska disertacija pod naslovom „Upravljanje kvalitetom u javnom cestovnom prijevozu putnika“, ima višestruku funkciju cilja te predstavlja složen zadatak, jer je sustav upravljanja kvalitetom u cestovnim prometnim poduzećima kao i sustav cestovnog prijevoza putnika sam po sebi, vrlo složen i interdisciplinaran te zahtjeva uporabu cijelog spektra znanstvenih metoda istraživanja. Sustavnom pristupu u rješavanju znanstvenih i stručnih problema u prometnim i logističkim djelatnostima pridaje se sve veći značaj, pa tako metodologija sustavnog istraživanja čini osnovu znanstvenog istraživanja upravljanja kvalitetom u cestovnim prometnim poduzećima, kao institucijama u kojima „nastaje“ kvalitetna ili nekvalitetna usluga putnicima, provedenog u sklopu izrade ovog rada. Jedan od najvažnijih postulata uvaženih u ovom istraživanju polazi od činjenice da se gotovo u svakom segmentu ljudskog života i aktivnosti može govoriti o kvaliteti: znanosti, obrazovanju, gospodarstvu, osobnom životu… Iznimka nikako ne može biti ni cestovni prijevoz putnika, kao vrlo važan segment prometnog sustava, koji predstavlja „kičmu“ i „krvotok“ šireg društvenog i gospodarskog sustava. Zbog toga je u ovom radu odabrano prometno poduzeće za cestovni prijevoz putnika kao predmet istraživanja, kao i upravljanje kvalitetom njegovog poslovanja u funkciji proizvodnje kvalitetne prijevozne usluge, kao konačnog cilja menadžmenta, zaposlenika, korisnika, utjecajnih skupina i svih drugih zainteresiranih. Problem istraživanja je bio prvenstveno utvrditi povezanost funkcioniranja prometnog poduzeća za cestovni prijevoz putnika na svim organizacijskim razinama, u svim poslovnim funkcijama i procesima, a posebno na razini menadžmenta kao upravljačke strukture, sa kvalitetom poslovanja i kvalitetom prijevozne usluge kao konačnim outputom sustava prijevozne proizvodnje. Na temelju svega izloženog u ovom radu, ogleda se i očekivani znanstveni doprinos ovog istraživanja, prvenstveno kroz sveobuhvatni i sistematizirani prikaz dosadašnjih znanstvenih spoznaja na području definiranja upravljanja kvalitetom i poslovnom izvrsnosti, kroz prikaz primjene teorije sustava u definiranju i analizi javnog cestovnog prijevoza putnika te kroz prikaz stanja cestovnog prijevoza putnika u Republici Hrvatskoj, s posebnim naglaskom na razlike u kreiranju prometne politike u vezi s prijevozom putnika kao gospodarskom aktivnošću prema zemljama EU. Očekivani znanstveni doprinos istraživanja se također ogleda u valorizaciji organizacije prometnih poduzeća za cestovni prijevoz putnika uz modeliranje optimalne organizacijske strukture, prikaz poslovnih funkcija i procesa u cestovnom prijevozu putnika i njihovo sinergijsko djelovanje u funkciji upravljanja kvalitetom, argumentaciju teze da međunarodne norme kvalitete ISO i EN ne predstavljaju dovoljnu mjeru uspješnosti upravljanja kvalitetom, već samo početnu akciju s tim u vezi, a da je sustav upravljanja kvalitetom potrebno nadograđivati uporabom indikatora kvalitete prijevozne usluge, njihovim stalnim mjerenjem i matematičkim vrednovanjem te dovođenjem istih indikatora u prihvatljive okvire kvalitete. Također je prikazano modeliranje uporabe alata za upravljanje kvalitetom u cestovnom prijevozu putnika, uporabe upravljanja znanjem, cjelokupnog upravljanja kvalitetom i korištenja benchmarking procesa u prometnim poduzećima koja se bave cestovnim prijevozom putnika, kao i valorizacija upravljanja kvalitetom u hrvatskim autobusnim poduzećima te prognoziranje budućih trendova u upravljanju kvalitetom na razini hrvatskih prometnih poduzeća. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su primjenjivi za ocjenjivanje trenutnog stanja sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom u konkretnom cestovnom prometnom poduzeću, za otkrivanje nedostataka u postavljanju organizacijske strukture, u aktivnostima menadžmenta, realizaciji poslovnih procesa te u sustavu za upravljanje kvalitetom ako je on ustrojen, za međusobnu usporedbu prometnih poduzeća u smislu analize implementiranih sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom te kao alat za konstruiranje, vrednovanje, uvođenje i primjenu efikasnog sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom i mogućih poboljšanja predmetnog sustava.Doctoral dissertation, entitled "Quality management in public transport passengers", has a multiple objective function that represents a complex task, because of the quality management system in road transport companies and road passenger transport system itself is very complex and interdisciplinary and requires the use of the whole spectrum of scientific research methods. Systematic approach to solving scientific and technical problems in transport and logistics sector is a growing importance, so the methodology of systematic research forms the basis of research quality management in road transport companies, as well as institutions in which "produced" high quality or low quality service to passengers, conducted in part of this work. One of the most distinguished in the postulates of this study is based on the fact that almost every aspect of human life and activity to speak of the quality: science, education, economy, personal life ... The exception should not be any road passenger transport, as a very important segment of the transport system, which is the "backbone" and "bloodstream" of wider social and economic system. Therefore, in this study were selected transport company for road transport of passengers as a research subject, as well as quality management of its operations as a function of production-quality transport services, as the ultimate goal of management, employees, customers, influential groups and all other interested. The problem of this study was primarily to determine the correlation function of the transport companies for road transport of passengers at all organizational levels, across all business functions and processes, especially at the level of management as a governance structure, with the quality of operations and quality of transport services as final output of the transport of production. On the basis of the above in this paper, reflects the expected scientific contribution of this research, primarily through a comprehensive and systematic review of previous research findings on the definition of quality management and business excellence through the presentation of the application of systems theory in the definition and analysis of public road passenger transport, and through view the status of road passenger transport between the Republic of Croatia and EU countries, with special emphasis on the differences in the design of transport policy in relation to transport passengers as well as economic activity. Expected contribution to scientific research is also reflected in the evaluation of the organization of transport enterprises for road transport of passengers by modeling the optimal organizational structure, the view of business functions and processes in the road transport of passengers and their synergistic effect in the quality management function, arguments of the thesis that the international quality standard ISO and EN is not a sufficient measure of success of quality management, but only the initial action in this regard, and that the quality management system up to date using indicators of quality transport services, by continuously measuring and evaluating mathematical and bring to use the indicators in the framework of acceptable quality. Also shown is the use of modeling tools for quality management in road passenger transport, the use of knowledge management, total quality management and use of the benchmarking process in transport companies engaged in road passenger transport, as well as evaluation of quality management in Croatian bus companies and forecasting future trends in management quality at the Croatian transport companies. The results of this study are applicable for assessing the current state of quality management systems in particular road transport companies, to detect flaws in setting up the organizational structure, the activities of management, execution of business processes and the quality management system if it is established, the comparison of transport enterprises implemented in terms of their quality management systems as well as tools for design, validation, introduction and implementation of effective quality management systems and possible improvements of the system concerned

Upravljanje kvalitetom u javnom cestovnom prijevozu putnika : doktorska disertacija

Doktorska disertacija pod naslovom „Upravljanje kvalitetom u javnom cestovnom prijevozu putnika“, ima višestruku funkciju cilja te predstavlja složen zadatak, jer je sustav upravljanja kvalitetom u cestovnim prometnim poduzećima kao i sustav cestovnog prijevoza putnika sam po sebi, vrlo složen i interdisciplinaran te zahtjeva uporabu cijelog spektra znanstvenih metoda istraživanja. Sustavnom pristupu u rješavanju znanstvenih i stručnih problema u prometnim i logističkim djelatnostima pridaje se sve veći značaj, pa tako metodologija sustavnog istraživanja čini osnovu znanstvenog istraživanja upravljanja kvalitetom u cestovnim prometnim poduzećima, kao institucijama u kojima „nastaje“ kvalitetna ili nekvalitetna usluga putnicima, provedenog u sklopu izrade ovog rada. Jedan od najvažnijih postulata uvaženih u ovom istraživanju polazi od činjenice da se gotovo u svakom segmentu ljudskog života i aktivnosti može govoriti o kvaliteti: znanosti, obrazovanju, gospodarstvu, osobnom životu… Iznimka nikako ne može biti ni cestovni prijevoz putnika, kao vrlo važan segment prometnog sustava, koji predstavlja „kičmu“ i „krvotok“ šireg društvenog i gospodarskog sustava. Zbog toga je u ovom radu odabrano prometno poduzeće za cestovni prijevoz putnika kao predmet istraživanja, kao i upravljanje kvalitetom njegovog poslovanja u funkciji proizvodnje kvalitetne prijevozne usluge, kao konačnog cilja menadžmenta, zaposlenika, korisnika, utjecajnih skupina i svih drugih zainteresiranih. Problem istraživanja je bio prvenstveno utvrditi povezanost funkcioniranja prometnog poduzeća za cestovni prijevoz putnika na svim organizacijskim razinama, u svim poslovnim funkcijama i procesima, a posebno na razini menadžmenta kao upravljačke strukture, sa kvalitetom poslovanja i kvalitetom prijevozne usluge kao konačnim outputom sustava prijevozne proizvodnje. Na temelju svega izloženog u ovom radu, ogleda se i očekivani znanstveni doprinos ovog istraživanja, prvenstveno kroz sveobuhvatni i sistematizirani prikaz dosadašnjih znanstvenih spoznaja na području definiranja upravljanja kvalitetom i poslovnom izvrsnosti, kroz prikaz primjene teorije sustava u definiranju i analizi javnog cestovnog prijevoza putnika te kroz prikaz stanja cestovnog prijevoza putnika u Republici Hrvatskoj, s posebnim naglaskom na razlike u kreiranju prometne politike u vezi s prijevozom putnika kao gospodarskom aktivnošću prema zemljama EU. Očekivani znanstveni doprinos istraživanja se također ogleda u valorizaciji organizacije prometnih poduzeća za cestovni prijevoz putnika uz modeliranje optimalne organizacijske strukture, prikaz poslovnih funkcija i procesa u cestovnom prijevozu putnika i njihovo sinergijsko djelovanje u funkciji upravljanja kvalitetom, argumentaciju teze da međunarodne norme kvalitete ISO i EN ne predstavljaju dovoljnu mjeru uspješnosti upravljanja kvalitetom, već samo početnu akciju s tim u vezi, a da je sustav upravljanja kvalitetom potrebno nadograđivati uporabom indikatora kvalitete prijevozne usluge, njihovim stalnim mjerenjem i matematičkim vrednovanjem te dovođenjem istih indikatora u prihvatljive okvire kvalitete. Također je prikazano modeliranje uporabe alata za upravljanje kvalitetom u cestovnom prijevozu putnika, uporabe upravljanja znanjem, cjelokupnog upravljanja kvalitetom i korištenja benchmarking procesa u prometnim poduzećima koja se bave cestovnim prijevozom putnika, kao i valorizacija upravljanja kvalitetom u hrvatskim autobusnim poduzećima te prognoziranje budućih trendova u upravljanju kvalitetom na razini hrvatskih prometnih poduzeća. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su primjenjivi za ocjenjivanje trenutnog stanja sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom u konkretnom cestovnom prometnom poduzeću, za otkrivanje nedostataka u postavljanju organizacijske strukture, u aktivnostima menadžmenta, realizaciji poslovnih procesa te u sustavu za upravljanje kvalitetom ako je on ustrojen, za međusobnu usporedbu prometnih poduzeća u smislu analize implementiranih sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom te kao alat za konstruiranje, vrednovanje, uvođenje i primjenu efikasnog sustava za upravljanje kvalitetom i mogućih poboljšanja predmetnog sustava.Doctoral dissertation, entitled "Quality management in public transport passengers", has a multiple objective function that represents a complex task, because of the quality management system in road transport companies and road passenger transport system itself is very complex and interdisciplinary and requires the use of the whole spectrum of scientific research methods. Systematic approach to solving scientific and technical problems in transport and logistics sector is a growing importance, so the methodology of systematic research forms the basis of research quality management in road transport companies, as well as institutions in which "produced" high quality or low quality service to passengers, conducted in part of this work. One of the most distinguished in the postulates of this study is based on the fact that almost every aspect of human life and activity to speak of the quality: science, education, economy, personal life ... The exception should not be any road passenger transport, as a very important segment of the transport system, which is the "backbone" and "bloodstream" of wider social and economic system. Therefore, in this study were selected transport company for road transport of passengers as a research subject, as well as quality management of its operations as a function of production-quality transport services, as the ultimate goal of management, employees, customers, influential groups and all other interested. The problem of this study was primarily to determine the correlation function of the transport companies for road transport of passengers at all organizational levels, across all business functions and processes, especially at the level of management as a governance structure, with the quality of operations and quality of transport services as final output of the transport of production. On the basis of the above in this paper, reflects the expected scientific contribution of this research, primarily through a comprehensive and systematic review of previous research findings on the definition of quality management and business excellence through the presentation of the application of systems theory in the definition and analysis of public road passenger transport, and through view the status of road passenger transport between the Republic of Croatia and EU countries, with special emphasis on the differences in the design of transport policy in relation to transport passengers as well as economic activity. Expected contribution to scientific research is also reflected in the evaluation of the organization of transport enterprises for road transport of passengers by modeling the optimal organizational structure, the view of business functions and processes in the road transport of passengers and their synergistic effect in the quality management function, arguments of the thesis that the international quality standard ISO and EN is not a sufficient measure of success of quality management, but only the initial action in this regard, and that the quality management system up to date using indicators of quality transport services, by continuously measuring and evaluating mathematical and bring to use the indicators in the framework of acceptable quality. Also shown is the use of modeling tools for quality management in road passenger transport, the use of knowledge management, total quality management and use of the benchmarking process in transport companies engaged in road passenger transport, as well as evaluation of quality management in Croatian bus companies and forecasting future trends in management quality at the Croatian transport companies. The results of this study are applicable for assessing the current state of quality management systems in particular road transport companies, to detect flaws in setting up the organizational structure, the activities of management, execution of business processes and the quality management system if it is established, the comparison of transport enterprises implemented in terms of their quality management systems as well as tools for design, validation, introduction and implementation of effective quality management systems and possible improvements of the system concerned

Postal Operations and Environmental Protection

Increased awareness of the problems related to environmentalprotection and numerous activities undertaken in thisfield represent one of the basic characteristics of the present.The Universal Postal Union - UPU, has also become aware ofthe threat to our environment and the need for urgent measuresin environmental protection. Not only do they understand theneed to act, but are also aware that they have the possibility ofsignificantly contributing to the preservation of the environment.The paper presents the activities that UPU has undertakenor is undertaking with the aim of reducing the environmentalpollution, as well as some practical experiences of thedeveloped postal administrations in applying the system of environmentalprotection management in the postal technologicalprocesses