EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE BIOLOGY OF TUBEROLACHNUS SALIGNUS (GMELIN) (STERNORRHYNCHA: APHIDIDAE) ON (SALIX ALBA)

The development time, survivoship and reproduction of Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin)( Lachninae: Lachnini) were studied on Salix alba at fi ve constant temperatures (17.5°C, 20°C, 22.5°C, 25°C and 27.5°C ). The developmental time of immature stages ranged from 17.00 days at 17.5°C to 12.21 days at 25°C on Salix alba. The total percentage of survivorship of immature stages varied from 50% and 70% 17.5°C -20°C on S. alba. The largest r m valueoccurred with 0.2540 at 20°C on S. alba. The mean generation time of the population ranged from 13.595 days at 22.5°C to 19.60 days at 17.5°C on S. alba. The optimal temperature for Tuberolachnus salignus was 20°C

Phosphine Resistance in Turkish Populations of Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

In this study, the status of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.,1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations collected from Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara province in Turkey were investigated by conducting the discriminating concentration tests and the concentration-mortality bioassays. Low (0.04 mg/L) and high (0.20 mg/L) discriminating concentration tests indicated that there was phosphine resistance of S. oryzae. The survival rates of field population of S. oryzae in Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara ranged from 0 to 99%, 0 to 90% and 0 to 89% at the low discriminating concentration while it ranged from 0 to 83%, 0 to 46.5% and 0 to 28.5% at the high discriminating concentration respectively. Based on 50% mortality level (LC50), the Sanliurfa 4, Adana 7 and Kahramanmara 8 populations were 57.5, 28.9, and 16.3 times more resistant, respectively, than the susceptible population (Kahramanmara 4). In conclusion, this study revealed that phosphine resistance in S. oryzae is high in the examined areas of Turkey and some populations have levels of resistance that may pose challenges to the continued use of phosphine for their management

Entanglement transfer via Chiral Quantum Walk on a Triangular Chain

We investigate the chiral quantum walk (CQW) for entanglement transfer on a triangular chain. We specifically consider two site Bell-type entangled cases. Using concurrence as quantum entanglement measure, together with the Bures distance as the measure of the fidelity of the state transfer, we evaluate the success of the entanglement transfer. We compare the entangled state transfer time and quality in CQW against a continuous-time quantum random walk

Hardal uçucu yağı ve ana bileşiğinin tek başına ve değiştirilmiş atmosfer uygulamaları ile kombinasyonun Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)'a karşı fümigant etkisi]

This study was carried out in 2017 in Entomology Laboratory of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University to determine fumigant toxicity of mustard essential oil and its main compound (allyl isothiocyanate) alone and in combination with high concentration (92%) of CO2 or N2 to all life stages of Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was determined. Preliminary bioassay tests indicated that 10 µl/l of mustard essential oil and allyl isothiocyanate alone resulted in 100% mortality for all life stages of T. confusum without any necessity of CO2 and N2 combinations. Lethal concentration tests indicated that combinations of mustard essential oil or allyl isothiocyanate with 92% CO2 produced 1.8 to 7.3 times reductions in LC90 values for larvae, pupae and adults of T. confusum. Generally, the combinations of mustard essential oil or allyl isothiocyanate with 92% CO2 were more toxic to larvae, pupae and adults of T. confusum than those in combinations with 92% N2 as evidenced by significant decrements in their LC50 and LC90 values. It appears that high concentration of CO2 or N2 might have a synergistic effect on larvae, pupae and adults of T. confusum when exposed together with mustard essential oil or allyl isothiocyanate. In conclusion, this study indicates that combinations of mustard essential oil or its main compound, allyl isothiocyanate with modified atmospheres can be a potential alternative to the most commonly used commercial fumigants, methyl bromide and phosphine. © 2019 Entomological Society of Turkey. All rights reserved

A Comprehensive Analysis of Inter-Relationships among Overall Service Quality, Trust, Satisfaction and Learner’s Loyalty within the Supportive Vocational Education and Training

It is seen that education institutes use many techniques to increase the quality of the services being provided. However, as competition in the education sector has been rising dramatically, it is hard to differentiate the services offered. In this perspective, it is becoming hard to attract and keep loyal learners in education institutes. So, lifelong learning and continuing professional development are the two tools that enhance the level of loyalty to the education institutes. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the factors that define learner’s loyalty in the Vocational Education Institutes. In addition, the relation of trust to the Institute, satisfaction, and learner’s loyalty variables to the service quality will be researched. In this sense, 184 questionnaires have been conducted to students who have attended the Public Oversight Board Education Program offered by Istanbul Commerce University’s Lifelong Learning Center. Data has been analyzed by Structural Equation Modelling. According to the results of the study, education institutes who deal solely with the issue of trust, satisfaction, and learner’s loyalty can have the potential to keep their learners on hand on a life-long basis thereby earning their loyalty to the fullest extent

Efficiency of ozone gas treatment against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) (Indianmeal Moth) in hazelnut: Poster

In this study, ozone gas at different concentrations (16.7, 33.3 and 66.6 mg/L) were exposed to all biological stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) placed at top and bottom of the hazelnut for various exposure periods (2, 4 and 6 hours). In biological tests conducted in presence of hazelnuts, 100% mortalities of all biological stages of P. interpunctella placed at top of the commodity were obtained at tested ozone concentrations and exposure periods while it was easier to kill the adult and pupa stages that the larva and egg stages. While it was possible to kill 100% of the adults and pupae placed at bottom of the commodity at tested ozone concentrations and exposure periods, 100% mortality of the larvae and eggs were not obtained at any of the ozone treatments. Generally, the mortalities of all life stages of P. interpunctella placed at bottom of the commodity for ozone treatments were lower than those placed at top of the commodity. It was easy to kill the pupae and adults of P. interpunctella placed at bottom of the commodity while the ozone treatments resulted in low mortalities of the egg and larvae placed at bottom of the commodity. Just as 100% mortalities of the larva and adult stages were not obtained even at the highest ozone concentration for the longest exposure period. In conclusion, in this study, it was observed that ozone gas only at high concentrations can control all biological stages of P. interpunctella in hazelnut and therefore could have an alternative potential for methyl bromide in quarantine applications in short application period.In this study, ozone gas at different concentrations (16.7, 33.3 and 66.6 mg/L) were exposed to all biological stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) placed at top and bottom of the hazelnut for various exposure periods (2, 4 and 6 hours). In biological tests conducted in presence of hazelnuts, 100% mortalities of all biological stages of P. interpunctella placed at top of the commodity were obtained at tested ozone concentrations and exposure periods while it was easier to kill the adult and pupa stages that the larva and egg stages. While it was possible to kill 100% of the adults and pupae placed at bottom of the commodity at tested ozone concentrations and exposure periods, 100% mortality of the larvae and eggs were not obtained at any of the ozone treatments. Generally, the mortalities of all life stages of P. interpunctella placed at bottom of the commodity for ozone treatments were lower than those placed at top of the commodity. It was easy to kill the pupae and adults of P. interpunctella placed at bottom of the commodity while the ozone treatments resulted in low mortalities of the egg and larvae placed at bottom of the commodity. Just as 100% mortalities of the larva and adult stages were not obtained even at the highest ozone concentration for the longest exposure period. In conclusion, in this study, it was observed that ozone gas only at high concentrations can control all biological stages of P. interpunctella in hazelnut and therefore could have an alternative potential for methyl bromide in quarantine applications in short application period

Yerel Diatomit Topraklarının Kokusuz Toz Sarımsak İle Karışımının Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ne Karşı Etkinliği

Bu çalışmada iki yerel diatomit toprağı preparatının (Detech® ve Demite®) tek başına ve bunların kokusuz sarımsak tozuyla belli oranlardaki karışımlarının Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val. Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ne karşı etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla buğday üzerinde 25±1 ?C sıcaklık ve % 65±5 nispi nem ortamında tek başına iki yerel diatomit topraklarının ve bunların kokusuz sarımsak tozuyla karışımlarının 600, 900 ve 1500 ppm (mg DE/kg ürün) konsantrasyonlarda 7 ve 14 gün süreyle biyolojik testler yürütülmüştür. Mevcut çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre buğday üzerinde tek başına Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı uygulamaları ile Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı ile kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının (E3, E4, E5 ve E6) test edilen böceklere karşı etkinlikleri uygulama konsantrasyonuna ve süresine göre önemli farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmüştür. Düşük konsantrasyonda (600 ppm) genel olarak Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprakların kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının (E5 ve E6) T. confusum erginlerine karşı etkinliklerinin tek başına Demite® diatomit toprağı uygulamasına göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada düşük konsantrasyonda Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı uygulamasına kokusuz sarımsak eklemesinin T. confusum erginlerine karşı etkinliğin artmasına neden olduğu, dolayısıyla bu iki ticari yerel diatomit toprağı ile kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının düşük konsantrasyonlarda (<900 ppm) T. confusm’un kontrolünde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır

Preliminary Checking of Some Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Similarities with Commercial Diatomaceous Earths under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Diatoms are dead bodies of unicellular algae’s and made up of fossilized diatoms in aquatic ecosystems. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a dust varying in color depending on composition, from white-grey to yellow to red and active ingredient is amorphous silicon dioxide. DEs are commonly used for purification of water, the purification of juices, separation of various oils and chemicals and also used as an insecticide. Mode of action as insecticide which damage occurs to the insects protective wax coat on the cuticle, mostly by sorption and to a lesser degree by abrasion, or both. The result is the loss of water from the insect's body through desiccation resulting in death. The efficacy of DE against insects depends on different physical and morphological characteristics of the diatoms. In present study, image properties of 10 different Turkish DE samples under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were checked and compared similarities with commercial DEs, namely Protector, SilicoSec, Insecto and Pyrisec. SEM image analysis indicated that there were variations in shape and size of dead bodies of diatoms in Turkish and commercial DEs. The shapes of dead bodies of diatoms in Turkish local DE’s named as CBN and BGN were found very similar with those in commercial DE, Silicosec. Local DE coded as DC has a round shape and looks similar to commercial DE of Pyrisec while local DE coded as CAN has triangle shape and its shape was different from those of all other DE samples

Efficacy of Spinetoram for the Control of Bean Weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Different Surfaces

Simple Summary Contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Our results provide data on the insecticidal effect of spinetoram for the control of A. obtectus on various surfaces; however, its efficacy varies according to the surface type, exposure time and concentration. In conclusion, our laboratory tests indicated that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg active ingredient (AI)/cm(2) achieved satisfactory control at relatively short exposures by contact action of A. obtectus adults on three surfaces, commonly encountered in legume storage facilities and warehouses. In this study, the contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Different concentrations were evaluated ranging from 0.0025 to 0.05 mg AI/cm(2), against adults of A. obtectus. Adult mortality was measured after 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure. After 1-day exposure, the mortality was low on all surfaces, ranging from 0 to 27.2%. After 5- and 7-day exposure, spinetoram at concentrations of 0.01 mg/cm(2) and above achieved 100% or close mortality on concrete and laminate flooring surface, whereas low concentrations (0.0025, 0.005 and 0.0075 mg AI/cm(2)) resulted in significantly lower mortality levels, ranging from 1.6 to 30.8%, than high concentrations. In the case of ceramic floor tile surface, spinetoram treatments at all tested concentrations did not result in 100% mortality. Significant differences were recorded among the surfaces, depending on concentrations and exposure intervals. After 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure, mortality levels on ceramic floor tile surface were generally higher at low concentrations than those on the concrete and laminate flooring surfaces, whereas those on concrete and laminate flooring surfaces were significantly higher at high concentrations than ceramic floor tile surface. These results indicate that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg AI/cm(2) achieve satisfactory control at relatively short exposures on common types of surfaces and thus can be used as an effective insecticide against A. obtectus

Bis[μ-4-(methyl­amino)­benzoato]-κ3 O,O′:O;κ3 O:O,O′-bis­{aqua­[4-(methyl­amino)­benzoato-κ2 O,O′](nicotinamide-κN)cadmium(II)}

In the dinuclear centrosymmetric CdII compound, [Cd2(C8H8NO2)4(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2], the metal atom is chelated by two carboxyl­ate groups from 4-(methyl­amino)­benzoate (PMAB) anions, and coordinated by one nicotinamide and one water mol­ecule; a carboxyl­ate O atom from the adjacent PMAB anion bridges to the Cd atom, completing the irregular seven-coordination geometry. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. π–π contacts between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.965 (1) Å] may further stabilize the structure. A weak C—H⋯π inter­action also occurs