Inclusive and differential cross section measurements of single top quark production in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Inclusive and differential cross sections of single top quark production in association with a Z boson are measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment. Events are selected based on the presence of three leptons, electrons or muons, associated with leptonic Z boson and top quark decays. The measurement yields an inclusive cross section of 87.9 +7.5 −7.3 (stat)+7.3 −6.0 (syst) fb for a dilepton invariant mass greater than 30 GeV, in agreement with standard model (SM) calculations and represents the most precise determination to date. The ratio between the cross sections for the top quark and the top antiquark production in association with a Z boson is measured as 2.37+0.56 −0.42 (stat)+0.27 −0.13 (syst). Differential measurements at parton and particle levels are performed for the first time. Several kinematic observables are considered to study the modeling of the process. Results are compared to theoretical predictions with different assumptions on the source of the initial-state b quark and found to be in agreement, within the uncertainties. Additionally, the spin asymmetry, which is sensitive to the top quark polarization, is determined from the differential distribution of the polarization angle at parton level to be 0.54±0.16 (stat)±0.06 (syst), in agreement with SM prediction

Plasma scale length and quantum electrodynamics effects on particle acceleration at extreme laser plasmas

WOS:000718313900001In this work, simulations of multipetawatt lasers at irradiances, striking solid targets and implementing two-dimensional particle-in-cell code was used to study particle acceleration. Preformed plasma at the front surface of a solid target increases both the efficiency of particle acceleration and the reached maximum energy by the accelerated charged particles via nonlinear plasma processes. Here, we have investigated the preformed plasma scale length effects on particle acceleration in the presence and absence of nonlinear quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects, including quantum radiation reaction and multiphoton Breit-Wheeler pair production, which become important at irradiances. Our results show that QED effects help particles gain higher energies with the presence of preformed plasma. In the results for all cases, preplasma leads to more efficient laser absorption and produces more energetic charged particles, as expected. In the case where QED is included, however, physical mechanisms changed and generated secondary particles (-rays and positrons) reversing this trend. That is, the hot electrons cool down due to QED effects, while ions gain more energy due to different acceleration methods. It is found that more energetic -rays and positrons are created with increasing scale length due to high laser conversion efficiency (24 % for -rays and 4 % for positrons at scale length), which affects the ion and electron acceleration mechanisms. It is also observed that the QED effect reduces the collimation of angular distribution of accelerated ions because the dominant ion acceleration mechanism is changing when QED is involved in the process

Study of particle acceleration by Laguerre-Gaussian ultra intense laser plasma interactions

In this work, simulations of multi-petawatt lasers in the range of ∼0.2 PW-∼100 PW with varying Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) azimuthal modes as well as linearly polarized (LP) and circularly polarized (CP) laser beams striking near critical density targets were studied by using three-dimensional particle in cell (PIC) codes. Particle acceleration mechanisms have a dependence on laser polarization and it affects the energy gained by the particles. It is known that laser pulses can be polarized helically by applying the LG distribution function to the fundamental Gaussian laser profile. In this study, differently polarized laser beams with varying powers were employed to study laser driven particle acceleration and compares accelerated charged particles’ energy spectra and angular distribution. It is seen that LG laser beams can accelerate higher energetic particles due to higher conversion efficiency compared to LP and CP laser beams. It is also seen that LG laser beams can collimate ions with a narrower spread compared to LP and CP beams. Furthermore, ions can have a smaller divergence angle with increasing azimuthal mode index when the laser is LG polarized. We also studied the energy deposition of these particles in a water cell obtained by the PIC codes for different laser parameters by using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations which suggests that LG laser beam can be useful for the future hadron therapy applications

Effects of Pollination on Fruit Set and Some Fruit Quality Properties of Navel Group Orange Cultivars

Bu araştırmada, Washington Navel, Navelina ve Navelate göbekli portakal çeşitlerinde serbesttozlanma, izolasyon ve Valencia çiçek tozlarıyla yapay tozlama uygulamalarının, meyve tutumuyanında meyve iriliği, kabuk kalınlığı ve tohum sayısı gibi kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileriincelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, denemeye alınan üç göbekli portakal çeşidinde de yapay tozlamauygulamalarında izolasyon uygulamalarına oranla daha yüksek meyve tutumu sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca,yapay tozlama uygulamalarında Navelina çeşidi dışındaki diğer iki çeşitte serbest tozlanmauygulamalarına oranla yine daha yüksek meyve tutma değerlerine ulaşılmıştır. Ancak, meyvetutumundaki bu artış, özelikle W. Navel ve Navelina çeşitlerinde meyve iriliğinin biraz azalmasınaneden olmuştur. Yapay tozlama uygulamalarında izolasyon ve serbest tozlanma uygulamalarına göredaha ince kabuklu meyveler elde edilirken, normal ve abortif tohum sayısı yönünden önemli birfarklılık bulunamamıştır.In this study effects of open-pollination, non-pollination and controlled-pollination with Valenciapollen to fruit set and some fruit quality properties as fruit size, peel thickness and seed numbers onWashington Navel, Navelina avd Navelate oranges were investigated. As a result, controlledpollination treatments had higher fruit set than non-pollinaiton in these three Navel oranges. Also, intwo cultivars except from Navelina, controlled-pollinaiton showed higher fruit set than openpolinaiton. However, the increase in fruit set caused to decrease in fruit bigness especially inWashington Navel and Navelina cultivars. In controlled-pollinaiton treatments, a thinner peel wasobtained than open-polinaiton and non pollination, but there was not any important significance interms of normal and abnormal seed numbers

Effects of Pollination on Fruit Set and Some Fruit Quality Properties of Navel Group Orange Cultivars

Bu araştırmada, Washington Navel, Navelina ve Navelate göbekli portakal çeşitlerinde serbesttozlanma, izolasyon ve Valencia çiçek tozlarıyla yapay tozlama uygulamalarının, meyve tutumuyanında meyve iriliği, kabuk kalınlığı ve tohum sayısı gibi kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileriincelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, denemeye alınan üç göbekli portakal çeşidinde de yapay tozlamauygulamalarında izolasyon uygulamalarına oranla daha yüksek meyve tutumu sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca,yapay tozlama uygulamalarında Navelina çeşidi dışındaki diğer iki çeşitte serbest tozlanmauygulamalarına oranla yine daha yüksek meyve tutma değerlerine ulaşılmıştır. Ancak, meyvetutumundaki bu artış, özelikle W. Navel ve Navelina çeşitlerinde meyve iriliğinin biraz azalmasınaneden olmuştur. Yapay tozlama uygulamalarında izolasyon ve serbest tozlanma uygulamalarına göredaha ince kabuklu meyveler elde edilirken, normal ve abortif tohum sayısı yönünden önemli birfarklılık bulunamamıştır.In this study effects of open-pollination, non-pollination and controlled-pollination with Valenciapollen to fruit set and some fruit quality properties as fruit size, peel thickness and seed numbers onWashington Navel, Navelina avd Navelate oranges were investigated. As a result, controlledpollination treatments had higher fruit set than non-pollinaiton in these three Navel oranges. Also, intwo cultivars except from Navelina, controlled-pollinaiton showed higher fruit set than openpolinaiton. However, the increase in fruit set caused to decrease in fruit bigness especially inWashington Navel and Navelina cultivars. In controlled-pollinaiton treatments, a thinner peel wasobtained than open-polinaiton and non pollination, but there was not any important significance interms of normal and abnormal seed numbers

Determination of fruit drop Intervals and seasonal changes in fruit growing of some selected local persimmon (diospyros kaki L.) genotypes

Trabzon hurmalarında meyve dökümleri önemli bir sorundur. Bu dökümler tozlanma ve döllenme yetersizliği, besin elementi eksikliği ile hastalık ve zararlılardan kaynaklanmakta olup, döllenme yetersizliği bunlar arasındaki en önemli sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Trabzon hurmalarındaki meyve dökümlerinin hangi dönemlerde gerçekleştiği ve büyüme hızındaki zamana bağlı değişimin belirlenmesi amacıyla daha önceki çalışmalarda seçilmiş 10 yerli Trabzon hurması tipinde serbest tozlanma, yapay tozlama ve izolasyon uygulamaları yapılmış ve bunlarda hasada kadar meyve sayımları ve meyve çap ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda meyve dökümlerinin ağustos ayına kadar fazla olduğu, bundan sonra azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapay tozlama uygulamalarının meyve dökümlerini azalttığı da saptanmıştır. Büyüme hızı açısından ise uygulamalar arasında önemli bir farklılık olmazken, tipler arasında büyüme farklılıkları olduğu belirlenmiştir.Fruit drop is an important problem in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.). These drops can cause either by poor maintenances and negative ecological conditions during fruit development or unsatisfactory pollination and fertilization. In this study, time intervals of fruit drops and seasonal changes in fruit growth were determined in 10 local persimmon genotypes. For each cultivar, open-pollination, controlled-pollination and non-pollination treatments were made. In each treatment all of the remained fruits were counted and fruit diameters were measured from flowering till harvest monthly. The results showed that, fruit drops were intense until august and then decreased. Besides this, it was determined that controlled-pollination decreased fruit drops compared with open and non-pollination treatments. In terms of seasonal changes in fruit growth, while there were not any significant difference between treatments, genotypes were separated from each other

Determination of suitable pollinizers for some selected local persimmon ( diospyros kaki L .) types

Meyve tutumu ile ilgili sorunların oldukça yaygın olarak yaşandığı Trabzon hurması yetiştiriciliğinde, uygun tozlayıcı çeşit seçimi büyük önem taşımaktadır. 2010 yılında Adana koşullarında yetiştirilen 17 yaşlı Trabzon hurması bitkilerinde yürütülen bu araştırmada, söz konusu sorunun çözümüne katkı sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla; 9 yerli Trabzon hurması tipi (07TH05, 07TH06, 07TH13, 07TH14, 07TH17, 31TH01, 31TH02, 31TH03 ve 33TH01) için Bruniquel ve Ghora Gali çeşitlerinin tozlayıcı olarak uygunlukları araştırılmıştır. Tozlayıcı çeşitlere ait çiçek tozu kalite ve üretim miktarı ile ilgili laboratuvar testlerinde, incelenen çeşitlerin tozlayıcılık potansiyelinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapay tozlama uygulamalarıyla meyve tutumu, serbest tozlanma ve izolasyon uygulamalarına göre arttırılmıştır. 07TH14 ve 33TH01 no’lu tipler için Bruniquel ile yapılan tozlamaların, 07TH06 ve 07TH17 no’lu tiplerde Ghora Gali ile yapılan tozlamaların, 07TH05 ve 31TH01 no’lu tiplerde ise her iki tozlayıcının da iyi sonuç verdiği belirlenmiştir. 07TH13, 31TH02 ve 31TH03 no’lu tipte ise en iyi meyve tutumunun serbest tozlanma uygulamalarından elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında, 07TH14 ve 33TH01 no’lu tipler, tozlayıcı olmadığı koşullarda da meyve verebildiğinden dolayı, bu tiplerde partenokarpiye eğilimin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.Selection of suitable pollinizers is very important for persimmon that have a widespread problem in fruit setting. This study aims to contribute for solving this problem. Study was carried out in 2010 vegetation period with 17 years old persimmon trees in Adana conditions. For this purpose, the suitability of Bruniquel and Ghora Gali pollinizer cultivars were searched for 9 local persimmon types (07TH05, 07TH06, 07TH13, 07TH14, 07TH17, 31TH01, 31TH02, 31TH03 and 33TH01). In laboratory tests of pollen viability, germination and quantity, it was determined that the potential of Ghora Gali and Bruniquel is satisfactory for a pollinizer. With controlled-pollination treatments, fruit drop was reduced compared with open pollination and non-pollination treatments. In terms of this, the best pollinator for 07TH14 and 33TH01 was Bruniquel and for 07TH06 and 07TH17 it was Ghora Gali. Both Bruniquel and Ghora Gali became suitable pollinators for 07TH05. In 07TH13, 31TH02 and 31TH03 genotypes, the best results were obtained from open pollination treatments. At the same time, 07TH14 and 33TH01 genotypes have high affinity to parthenocarpy because of their fruit set ability while there is not any pollinizer

Determination of fruit drop Intervals and seasonal changes in fruit growing of some selected local persimmon (diospyros kaki L.) genotypes

Trabzon hurmalarında meyve dökümleri önemli bir sorundur. Bu dökümler tozlanma ve döllenme yetersizliği, besin elementi eksikliği ile hastalık ve zararlılardan kaynaklanmakta olup, döllenme yetersizliği bunlar arasındaki en önemli sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Trabzon hurmalarındaki meyve dökümlerinin hangi dönemlerde gerçekleştiği ve büyüme hızındaki zamana bağlı değişimin belirlenmesi amacıyla daha önceki çalışmalarda seçilmiş 10 yerli Trabzon hurması tipinde serbest tozlanma, yapay tozlama ve izolasyon uygulamaları yapılmış ve bunlarda hasada kadar meyve sayımları ve meyve çap ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda meyve dökümlerinin ağustos ayına kadar fazla olduğu, bundan sonra azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapay tozlama uygulamalarının meyve dökümlerini azalttığı da saptanmıştır. Büyüme hızı açısından ise uygulamalar arasında önemli bir farklılık olmazken, tipler arasında büyüme farklılıkları olduğu belirlenmiştir.Fruit drop is an important problem in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.). These drops can cause either by poor maintenances and negative ecological conditions during fruit development or unsatisfactory pollination and fertilization. In this study, time intervals of fruit drops and seasonal changes in fruit growth were determined in 10 local persimmon genotypes. For each cultivar, open-pollination, controlled-pollination and non-pollination treatments were made. In each treatment all of the remained fruits were counted and fruit diameters were measured from flowering till harvest monthly. The results showed that, fruit drops were intense until august and then decreased. Besides this, it was determined that controlled-pollination decreased fruit drops compared with open and non-pollination treatments. In terms of seasonal changes in fruit growth, while there were not any significant difference between treatments, genotypes were separated from each other

Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

WOS:000815696200001The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015-2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios

Search for invisible decays of the Higgs boson produced via vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

WOS:000813239900002A search for invisible decays of the Higgs boson produced via vector boson fusion (VBF) has been performed with 101 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at root s = 13 TeV and collected by the CMS detector in 2017 and 2018. The sensitivity to the VBF production mechanism is enhanced by constructing two analysis categories, one based on missing transverse momentum and a second based on the properties of jets. In addition to control regions with Z and W boson candidate events, a highly populated control region, based on the production of a photon in association with jets, is used to constrain the dominant irreducible background from the invisible decay of a Z boson produced in association with jets. The results of this search arc combined with all previous measurements in the VBF topology, based on data collected in 2012 (at root s = 8 TeV), 2015, and 2016, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7, 2.3, and 36.3 fb(-1), respectively. The observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction of the Higgs boson is found to be 0.18 (0.10) at the 95% confidence level, assuming the standard model production cross section. The results are also interpreted in the context of Higgs-portal models