MATLAB based phenotypic evaluation and gene expression of CD44 and CD133 biomarkers in the prediction of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma metastasis

Oral cancer accounts to 20–30% of all cancers in India. The major difficulty in managing carcinomas is due to failure in the control and detection of metastases (\u3e90% deaths). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor-initiating cells that survive even after extensive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, the use of computer-assisted quantification methods employing image processing is drawing attention wherein information can be automatically extracted from the immunostained digitized images. The aim of the study was to assess the metastatic risk of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) by the phenotypic evaluation and gene expression of CD44 and CD133 biomarkers with clinical correlation. The study also assessed the role of Cancer Stem Cells through phenotypic evaluation and gene expression of CD44 and CD133 in metastasis of OSCC

Cheiloscopic Characteristics detection and Pattern Classification by Machine Learning Technique

Machine Learning (ML) is a field enhancing the rapid growth of technology. Though use of digital softwares for cheiloscopic investigations have been attempted with limited success, the use of ML based techniques are scarce and seldom have been employed in forensic odontology. The present study aimed to identify cheiloscopic patterns through machine learning based methods and to correlate the segmented patterns with age and gender of individuals

Determination of The Correlation Between Age and Gender with Canine Index, Intermolar Width and Palatal Rugae Patterns

Dental records are of paramount importance in human identification considering the distinct traits of every individual. Although DNA and finger print analysis are techniques employed for faster and secure identification, in mass disasters, odontometric analysis can play a vital role in identification. Studies in the past have used parameters like arch perimeters, lip prints and palatal rugae pattern to determine age and gender of an individual. However, these studies correlated one parameter at a time and concluded that there was no significant correlation of the parameters to age and gender. The present study aimed to assess the canine index, intermolar width and palatal rugae pattern from the obtained dental casts. The correlation of age and gender with canine index, intermolar width and palatal rugae patterns were determined

Association Between ABO Blood Grouping and Odontometry: An Unexplored Evidence in Forensics

Recent research has exhibited a strong association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to diseases. Extraoral and intraoral hard tissue landmarks provide a stable and reliable record for odontological and anthropological analysis, forensic investigations and identification. The association between anthropometric indices and ABO blood grouping have been reported in the past, however, the association between ABO blood groups and odontometric indices is yet to be comprehensively explored. This study aimed to establish the correlation of ABO blood groups with odontometric indices and extraoral hard tissue landmarks for personnel identification

Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 In Dentigerous Cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst and Unicystic Ameloblastoma- An In-vitro Study

Cyclin D1, a G1 cyclin member, regulates the transition of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S phase. The uncontrolled and elevated expression of cyclin D1 has been associated with rapid growth, heightened proliferative activity and increased histologic aggressiveness. Unicystic ameloblastoma pertains to cystic lesions that present clinical, radiographic, or gross features akin to jaw cysts. Nevertheless, upon histological scrutiny, these lesions display a distinctive ameloblastomatous epithelium lining the cystic cavity, with or without luminal or mural proliferation. This cystic variant of tumor bears substantial resemblances to dentigerous cysts, and occasionally, both entities can become indistinguishable upon histological examination. The study aimed to investigate whether the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 in unicystic ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst and dentigerous cyst correlates with their known clinical behavior

An Immunohistochemical Panel for The Accurate Differentiation Between Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and Pleomorphic Adenoma

Salivary Gland Tumors (SGTs) are a diverse group of neoplasms, with a wide range of histological subtypes, some of which can exhibit overlapping features. Amongst this group of tumors, Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) stand out as prevalent entities originating from the salivary glands. The accurate differentiation between these two entities is crucial for treatment planning, as it influences decisions regarding the extent of surgical resection. Because of the overlapping histopathological features, it is difficult to differentiate these two lesions with the help of conventional Hematoxylin & Eosin (H& E). The evaluation of Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers holds pivotal importance in diagnosing salivary gland tumors, offering valuable insights into their molecular and cellular characteristics. The application of IHC markers assumes paramount importance in the precise diagnosis of MEC and PA within the context of salivary gland tumors. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of immunobiomarkers in differentiation between mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma

Advanced Techniques for Tooth Pulp RNA Extraction in Forensic Investigations-A Systematic Review

Teeth are fundamental structures in a forensic context due to their high strength and specificity. It is challenging to obtain high quality RNA from pulpal tissues. It has been described that pulp RNA degradation could be an indicator of post-mortem interval. Researchers have been in the quest to develop optimal techniques for tooth RNA extraction. The systematic review aimed to determine the most reliable method of RNA extraction from dental tooth pulp for forensic investigations

Pathogenic Implications of Candidal Species in Both Oral Cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders - A Review

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 6th most common cancer in worldwide. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing are its major risk factors other factors that can lead to OSCC include excessive sun exposure, viral or fungal infection, poor nutrition, and poor oral hygiene. The carcinogenesis of OSCC occurs gradually and oral epithelial dysplasia is considered a potential histologic precursor of OSCC. Most OSCC cases are preceded by clinically evident oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The aim of this review is to correlate the association between Candida species and oral potentially malignant disorders and its possible mechanisms in oral cancer progression

Development Of A Portable and Rapid Decalcification Device For Oral Hard Tissue Specimens

Decalcification is a routinely carried out procedure by oral pathologists, as the lesions involving the pulp can only be seen and identified through decalcified sections. The present methods involve usage of chemical agents, either with inorganic acids which dissolves the calcium to form soluble calcium salts or with chelating agents. Even though the chelating agents preserve the tissue morphology and show excellent microscopic picture, it has less diagnostic efficacy, as the time taken for it to decalcify the specimens is considerably high. It becomes important for us to develop a decalcification technique which will be faster and will maintain the balance between decalcification speed and tissue morphology. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop a portable rapid decalcification unit and compare the efficacy among all the three-decalcification procedure using teeth and bone specimens, namely the conventional method, microwave method and electrolytic method