163 research outputs found

    Large area silicon sheet by EFG

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    Progress in a program to produce high speed, thin, wide silicon sheets for fabricating 10% efficient solar cells is reported. An EFG ribbon growth system was used to perform growth rate and ribbon thickness experiments. A new, wide ribbon growth system was developed. A theoretical study of stresses in ribbons was also conducted. The EFG ribbons were observed to exhibit a characteristic defect structure which is orientation dependent in the early stages of growth

    Efeito da adiĆ§Ć£o de Ć³leo na dieta de frangos sobre caracterĆ­sticas fĆ­sicas da raĆ§Ć£o.

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    No presente trabalho foi avaliado o efeito de nĆ­veis crescentes de adiĆ§Ć£o de Ć³leo de soja em dietas de frangos de corte sobre as caracterĆ­sticas fĆ­sicas da raĆ§Ć£o. Os trata mentos foram compostos por cinco nĆ­veis de inclusĆ£o de Ć³leo:T1 ?1,74%; T2 ?2,87%; T3?4,01%; T4?5,15%; T5?6,28%.Estas dietas foram submetidas Ć  peletizaĆ§Ć£o em equipamento CPM. Antes e apĆ³s a produĆ§Ć£o foram coletadas cinco amostras por tratamento e analisadas em relaĆ§Ć£o Ć  caracterĆ­sticas fĆ­sicas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetiƧƵes. Os dados foram submetidos Ć  anĆ”lise de variĆ¢ncia e as mĆ©dias foram comparadas pelo este t-Student, ao nĆ­vel de 5%. Foram testados contrastes polinomiais e geradas as equaƧƵes de regressĆ£o. Considerando os nĆ­veis de Ć³leo como bloco, foram realizadas as comparaƧƵes entre as raƧƵes fareladas e peletizadas. A peletizaĆ§Ć£o reduziu 23% na densidade da raĆ§Ć£o em relaĆ§Ć£o Ć  farelada. A peletizaĆ§Ć£o da dieta aumentou a umidade da raĆ§Ć£o, reduziu a densidade e diminui o Ć¢ngulo de repouso. A adiĆ§Ć£o de Ć³leo reduziu o comprimento do pelete, reduziu a densidade da raĆ§Ć£o farelada, peletizada e da unidade do pelete e aumentou o Ć¢ngulo de repouso tanto das dietas fareladas quanto peletizadas. This study evaluated the effect of increasing soybean oil levels on feed physical characteristics in broiler diets. The treatments consisted of five oil levels; T1 ?1.74 %, T2 ?2.87 %; T3 ?4.01%, T4 ?5.15%; T5 ?6.28 %. These diets were pelletized with CPM equipment. Before and after pelleting five samples per treatment were collected. Samples were cooled and analyzed for hardness and durability of the pellet and the percentage of fines. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by t-Student Test at 5% level. Polynomial contrasts were also tested and generated regression equations. Assuming oil levels as block, it were performed comparisons between mash and pelleted diets. The pelleting reduced 23% in the feed density comparing to mash. Pelleting diets resulted in an increased of feed moisture, density reduction and decrease of angle of repose. The oil inclusion reduced the pellet length , reduced both mash and pelleted feed density, reduced pellet unitdensity and increased the angle of repose of mash and pellet feed

    Energcalc: manual do usuƔrio.

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    AdiĆ§Ć£o de Ć³leo como variĆ”vel de prediĆ§Ć£o da qualidade de peletes em raƧƵes de frangos de corte.

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    No presente trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da adiĆ§Ć£o de nĆ­veis crescentes de inclusĆ£o de Ć³leo de soja em dietas peletizadas de frangos sobre a qualidade do pelete. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco nĆ­veis de inclusĆ£o de Ć³leo: T1 ?1,74%; T2 ?2,87%; T3?4,01%; T4 ?5,15%; T5 ?6,28%. Estas dietas foram submetidas Ć  peletizaĆ§Ć£o em equipamento CPM, apĆ³s a produĆ§Ć£o foram coletadas cinco amostras por tratamento. As amostras foram resfriadas e analisadas em relaĆ§Ć£o Ć  dureza e durabilidade do pelete e porcentagem de finos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetiƧƵes. Os dados foram submetidos Ć  anĆ”lise de variĆ¢ncia e as mĆ©dias foram comparadas pelo teste t -Student, ao nĆ­vel de 5%. TambĆ©m foram testados contrastes polinomiais e geradas as equaƧƵes de regressĆ£o.A inclusĆ£o crescente de Ć³leo na dieta impactou negativamente na qualidade do pelete, com reduĆ§Ć£o da dureza e durabilidade e aumento na porcentagem de finos. Entre 1,74% e 6,28% de adiĆ§Ć£o de Ć³leo, a cada 1% de aumento no nĆ­vel de Ć³leo, observou-se a reduĆ§Ć£o de 0,86% na dureza e 4,43% na durabilidade do pelete, com aumento de 3,55% na porcentagem de finos na raĆ§Ć£o. This study evaluated the effect of increasing soybean oil levels on pellet qualityin broiler diets. The treatments consisted of five oil levels:T1 ?1.74 %, T2 ?2.87 %; T3 ?4.01%, T4 ?5.15%; T5 ?6.28 %. These diets were pelletized with CPM equipment, after production five samples per treatment were collected. Samples were cooled and analyzed for hardness and durability of the pellet and the percentage of fines. The experimental design was complete ly randomized with five treatments and five replicates. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by t-Student Test at 5% level. Polynomial contrasts were also tested and generated regression equations. I ncreasing dietary oil levels impacted negatively on the pellet quality, with hardness and durability decrease and increase in the percentage of fines. the range of 1 .74% and 6. 28 % oil inclusion , every 1% increas e of soybean oil resulted in decrease of 0.86% in pellet hardness and 4. 43% in pellet durabi lity , increasing 3. 55 % the percentage of fines
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