A study on image segmentation techniques used in color detection

to humans, an image is a meaningful arrangement of regions and objects, whereas to computers, an image is merely a random collection of pixels. This work exploits some of the techniques based on the extraction of the color of an image in the real-time environment. Image segmentation is an intense research area in Computer Vision, however, enhancements or results still on to produce accurate segmentation results for images. Relating with other surveys that compare multiple techniques, this paper takes the advantage to select of the most used technique(s), Our study may be helpful for Augmented Reality environment, object detection and tracking as well as other real -time technologies. Interested reader will obtain know ledge on various categories and types of research challenges In the image-based segmentation within the scope of colored images environments

Towards a realistic marker-based augmented reality scene: issues and prospective aspect

This paper describes the main problems in realistic Augmented Reality scenes. In order to view the real world with additional computer-generated information in a seamless and realistic integration, there are several research challenges that can be identified; some related to camera tracking, system design, user interaction, and rendering. The focus on each of these aspects was thoroughly explored by several methods and techniques. This study is considered to be an exploration for an Augmented Reality rendering technique. This technique focuses on increasing the realism in the AR scene. Thus, in order to realize the AR scene in a more realistic way, there are four main issues; light source detection, well-designed virtual objects that can have true reflex of the real environment, then integration of a real-time accurate soft shadow

Autologous pericardium may be an alternative carotid patch material in patient with undergoing simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting

Backround: Dacron, polytetrafluoroethylene, great saphenous vein, and bovine pericardium are the commonly used as patch materials. However, there is no study about autologous pericardial as a patch material in carotid endarterectomy surgery. We aimed to assess the results of the use of autologous pericardial patch in patients undergoing concomitant carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery by-pass graft surgery. Materials and Methods:: The study involved 30 patients who underwent concomitant carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery from January 2016 to February 2020. Patchplasty is performed with autologous pericardium for 13 patients and dacron patch for 17 patients during carotid endarterectomy. Results: No statistical difference was found between the groups in terms of reoperation, arterial occlusion, restenosis, operation time, and neurological events. In the postoperative follow-up, it was determined that the amount of drainage from the area on which the carotid surgery was applied was less in the those in whom autologous pericardium was used compared to those in whom Dacron patch was used. (p=0.001) Conclusion: We concluded that the use of autologous pericardium as a carotid artery patch is a safe, feasible, and effective method in patients undergoing combined carotid artery and coronary bypass surgery

Rendering of single scattering using types of light sources : review

In spite of their diverse applications, realistic rendering of light scattering In participating media is still very challenging due to the complexity of the variety radiative transport processes. In this study, we address several types of light models that play important role in realistic images synthesis and determine the advantages and shortcomings of each of them. Our study focus is on the interaction between the light models with particles in the air such as dust, fog, mist, haze, smoke, etc. We seek to provide information to help the reader to select the optimal and suitable light model with numerous of applications in computer graphics

Interactive non-photorealistic rendering

Due to increasing demands of artistic style with Interactive Rate, we propose this review paper as a starting point for any person interested in researching of interactive non-photorealistic rendering. As a simple yet effective means of visual communication, interactive non-photorealistic rendering generates images that are closer to human-drawn than are created by traditional computer graphics techniques with more expressing meaningful visual information. This paper presents taxonomy of interactive non-photorealistic rendering techniques which developed over the past two decades, structured according to the design characteristics and behavior of each technique. Also, it covers the most important algorithms in interactive stylized shade and line drawing, and separately discussing their advantages and disadvantages. The review then concludes with a discussion of the main issues and technical challenges for Interactive Non-Photorealistic Rendering techniques. In addition, this paper discusses the effect of modified phong shading model in order to create toon shading appearance

Stylized line drawing and shading effects for cartoon rendering

Due to increasing demands of cartoon style in many areas of computer graphic aspects, this paper presents a simple stylized shading technique to enhance the cartoonish appearance in two aspects. First, a new toon-illumination model is developed to emphasize the boundaries between diffuse reflection part and specular reflection part in the phong illumination model. the new discrete shading will be exploited to convey the light and dark orientations on the surface of 3d model. second, we combine stylized lines with non-photorealistic shading effect to convey more visual cues of tone. the experimental result reveals the ability of proposed model to produce many cartoon effects

Matrix metalloproteinase-9, neuron-specific enolase, S100 B and tau protein levels in the patients with carbon monoxide poisoning

Background: S100B, NSE, MMP-9, and Tau protein levels increase in cases causing hypoxic cell damage. The diagnosis of the severity of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the early period of these parameters was studied. Material and Methods: COHb level measurement was made using a signal capture CO-pulse oximeter (Masimo's SET Rainbow, Masimo's Co, USA) at the first admission of the patients. Then, COHb levels were confirmed by arterial blood gas(ABG) analysis. The patients were divided into two groups as mild and moderate-severe, according to their Glasgow coma scores (GCS) [Mild (14–15); Moderate (9–13) or Severe (3–8)]. The control group was composed of 16 healthy and non-smoking volunteers. Results: The serum S100B protein and MMP-9 values at 0 hr of admission in the hospital and 3hr of treatment were not significantly different in the patient group as compared to the control group. Tau protein levels were significantly higher in the patient group at 0 and 3 hours (p> 0.05) as compared to healthy person. Conclusion: There was no relationship between CO poisoning and MMP-9 and S100B protein levels. NSE and Tau protein were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group. Tau protein may be more useful marker as compared to neuron-specific enolase.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Uni

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Edirne experience

Amaç: Çalışan kalpte koroner baypas (off-pump) tekniğiyle ameliyat edilen olguların orta dönem sonuçları değerlendirildi. Çalışma Planı: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 1999-2003 yılları arasında off-pump baypas yapılan 60 olgu (45 erkek, 15 kadın; ort. yaş 62±9.1; dağılım 42-78) alındı. Ameliyatlar aynı cerrah tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Hasta verileri ameliyat ve yoğun bakım kayıtları taranarak elde edildi. Dosyalardaki adres veya telefon numaralarından hastalara ulaşılarak son durumları öğrenildi. Ortalama takip süresi 23.3±14.9 ay (dağılım 1.1-59.4 ay) idi. Bulgular: Hiçbir hastada ameliyat anında miyokard infarktüsü görülmedi. Ameliyat sonrası erken dönemde hiçbir hasta kaybedilmedi, geç dönem mortalite dört hastada (%6.7) görüldü. Beş yıllık sağkalım Kaplan-Meier yaşam analizine göre %66 bulundu. Sonuç: Bulgularımız, çalışan kalpte koroner baypas ameliyatının güvenli ve rahat uygulanabilir bir teknik olduğu yönündedir.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term results of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Study Design: The study included 60 patients (45 males 15 females; mean age 62±9.1 years; range 42 to 78 years) who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass operation in our clinic between 1999 and 2003. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. Data were collected by review of operation and intensive care unit records. Final status of the patients were inquired by telephone calls. The mean follow-up period was 23.3±14.9 months (range 1.1 to 59.4 months). Results: Perioperative myocardial infarction was not detected in any patient. No postoperative mortality occurred in the early period. Late mortality was found in four patients (6.7%). Five-year survival was 66% using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Conclusion: Our results show that off-pump coronary artery bypass can be performed with safety and comfort

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with sustained and switching treatments using biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A multicenter, observational cross-sectional study for rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with different disease activity grades. Several registries have been designed to determine the appropriate regimens of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to obtain sustained clinical remission. We examined epidemiological and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients using a clinical registry database (BioSTaR) and analyzed the differences in patients with sustained and switched therapies. Methods A multicenter, observational cross-sectional study for rheumatoid arthritis was performed between February 2019 and September 2020 using the BioStaR-RA registry. Demographic and clinical characteristics were prospectively recorded into a specifically designed electronic database. The patients were divided into three groups due to the heterogeneity of the study cohort. Patients were grouped as Group I (Initial; within the first 6 months of treatment with biological/targeted synthetic drugs), Group ST (Sustained Treatment; any first drug lasting for at least 6 months without any change), and Group S (Switch; any switching to another drug). Comparative analysis was performed between sustained treatment (Group ST) and drug switching (Group S) groups. Results The study included a total of 565 patients. The mean age was 53.7 +/- 12.8 years, and the majority were female (80.4%). There were 104, 267, and 194 patients in Groups I, ST, and S, respectively. Erosive arthritis and hematological extra-articular involvement were more frequently detected in Group S than Group ST (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001). The patients in Group S had significantly higher disease activity scores (DAS28-CRP, CDAI, and SDAI) (p = 0.025, p = 0.010, and p = 0.003). There were significantly more patients with moderate disease activity in Group S (p < 0.05). Conclusions The groups with sustained treatment and switching included patients with different disease activity status, although higher disease activity was determined in switchers. Overall, moderate disease activity and remission were the most common disease activity levels. Lower disease activity scores, lower hematologic manifestations, better functional status, and lesser radiographic damage are associated with sustained treatment.Turkish Medicine and Medical Devices Agency ; Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanes