The Study and Predict on the Surface Structure and the Characteristics of Pincers of Crawfish (Procambarus Clarkii)

Based on the introduction of biological non-smooth surface and the characteristics of drag reduction and wear resistance, a series of macroscopic and microcosmic observation and analysis on the surface structure of pincers of crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) were finished with the OLYMPUS stereo microscope and LSCM (Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope). The results indicate that the surface of pincers of crawfish is mainly constituted by small pits, small semicircle bumps and small stripe-type groove, and there are clusters of bristles which have a lot of spinules in their surface within the pit and around the small bump. It shows the surface of pincers of crawfish is non-smooth and has typical non-smooth surface characteristics. In addition，by analyzing the variation rules of small haplonts(pits and bumps) in the non-smooth surface of pincers of crawfish, authors get the conclusion that the keystone and direction of the non-smooth surface study should be focused on the quantitative analysis to the changes( size, form, and the distribution) of the small haplonts influence on the characteristics of the drag reduction and wear resistance, and its engineering application. Key words: Non-Smooth Surface; Pincers of Crawfish; Drag Reduction; Wear Resistanc

Using IDL to Visual Analyse the Point Clouds of the Surface of Crayfish

The digital measurements of surfaces of the crayfish were carried out by using the LSV 50 laser scanner, a non-touch three-dimensional laser scanner, and point clouds were the scanning digital data of the surface of crayfish. The work described in this paper represents a method for visual analyse the point clouds of the surface of crayfish in IDL (Interactive Data Language), which integrates a powerful, array-oriented language with numerous mathematical analysis and graphical display techniques. IDL provides a high level of flexibility to access, analyse and visualize the data with different methods. Point clouds of the surface of crayfish were imported, reconstructed and feature analysed by using iTools, the IDL Intelligent Tools. Polynomial regression equation of the surface of crayfish in selected cross section was also derived by programming in IDL. Detailed information about the LSV 50 laser scanner were also inverse deduced in iTools.Methods and results presented in this paper prove to be potentially useful for visual analyzing the feature of biological prototype, optimizing the mathematical model and affording deformable physical model to bionic engineering, those works would have great implications to the research of biological coupling theory and technological creation in bionic engineering. Key words: Visualization; Analyse; Point clouds; Surface; Crayfish; ID

Annexin A7 and Its Related Protein Suppressor of Death Domains Regulates Migration and Proliferation of Hca-P Cells

Objective: This study was to investigate whether annexin A7 (AnnexinA7, ANXA7) and its co-related protein tumor celldeath domain silencer [suppressor of death domains (SODD)] regulates the migratory phenotype of liver cancer cells.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, expression of ANXA7 in Hca-P cells, PANXA7 downregulatedcells and PANXA7 unrelated sequence cells was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chainreaction (PCR) at mRNA level and western blotting at protein level. Transwell migration and invasion assayswere performed to determine the migratory phenotype.Results: After inhibition of ANXA7 expression, expression of SODD protein was also significantly decreased (P<0.05).Transwell cell transfer experiments showed that number of tumor cells that penetrated into the cell membrane wassignificantly reduced after ANXA7 silencing (P<0.05). Transwell cell invasion assay showed that number of tumorcells penetrating into Matrigel was significantly reduced after ANXA7 down-regulation (P<0.05). The CCK8 assay wasmeasured at 0, 24 and 48 hours, and proliferation rate of PANXA7 lower weir cells was slower than that of Hca-P cellsand PANXA7 non-related sequence cells (P<0.05).Conclusion: SODD expression was decreased with the down-regulation of ANXA7. Down-regulating ANXA7 in Hca-Pcells decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells

Non-Sterilized Fermentative Production of Polymer-Grade L-Lactic Acid by a Newly Isolated Thermophilic Strain Bacillus sp. 2–6

-lactic acid is another limitation for PLA polymers to compete with conventional plastics.-lactic acid concentration of 182.0 g/liter was obtained from 30-liter fed-batch fermentation with an average productivity of 3.03 g/liter/h and product optical purity of 99.4%.-lactic acid production from renewable resources

Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the PURE study

Introduction. Switchingfrom polluting (e.g. wood, crop waste, coal)to clean (e.g. gas, electricity) cooking fuels can reduce household air pollution exposures and climate-forcing emissions.While studies have evaluated specific interventions and assessed fuel-switching in repeated cross-sectional surveys, the role of different multilevel factors in household fuel switching, outside of interventions and across diverse community settings, is not well understood. Methods.We examined longitudinal survey data from 24 172 households in 177 rural communities across nine countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study.We assessed household-level primary cooking fuel switching during a median of 10 years offollow up (∼2005–2015).We used hierarchical logistic regression models to examine the relative importance of household, community, sub-national and national-level factors contributing to primary fuel switching. Results. One-half of study households(12 369)reported changing their primary cookingfuels between baseline andfollow up surveys. Of these, 61% (7582) switchedfrom polluting (wood, dung, agricultural waste, charcoal, coal, kerosene)to clean (gas, electricity)fuels, 26% (3109)switched between different polluting fuels, 10% (1164)switched from clean to polluting fuels and 3% (522)switched between different clean fuels

A validated stability-indicating HPLC method for determination of brimonidine tartrate in BRI/PHEMA drug delivery systems

Abstract Background A simple, rapid and accurate stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed and validated for the determination of brimonidine tartrate in brimonidine tartrate/poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (BRI/PHEMA) drug delivery contact lenses and pharmaceutical formulations. Results Optimum chromatographic conditions for separating brimonidine tartrate from other impurities in the leaching liquor of BRI/PHEMA drug delivery contact lenses or pharmaceutical formulations have been achieved by using a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) as a stationary phase and a mixture solution of phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH3.5) containing 0.5% triethlamine and methanol (85:15, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The theoretical plates for the brimonidine tartrate measurement were calculated to be 8360 when detection was performed at 246 nm using a diode array detector. The proposed method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity, limit of detection and quantitation. Regression analysis showed a good correlation (R2 > 0.999) for brimonidine tartrate in the concentration range of 0.01–50 μg/mL. The peak purity factor is ≥980 for the analyte after all types of stress tests, indicating an excellent separation of brimonidine tartrate peak from other impurities. The measurement course could be completed within 10 min, which was very quick, effective and convenient. Conclusions Overall, the proposed stability-indicating method was suitable for routine quality control and drug analysis of brimonidine tartrate in BRI/PHEMA drug delivery contact lenses and other pharmaceutical formulations

吉林省中小企业发展的就业功能分析 = A study of the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in employment creation in Jilin province

The roles of small and medium-sized enterprises in re-employment are discussed in this study. It is based on the characteristic and problems in small and medium-sized enterprises in Jilin Province of China, using the experiences of advanced countries for reference. The results show small and medium sized enterprises should evolve towards innovation enterprises.​Master of Science (Managerial Economics