Dinamika Ketenagakerjaan dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Pedesaan Jawa (Kasus di Propinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur)

The last periode, agricultural sector have to burdensome rural labor absorbtion,consequenly decleaning productivity of labor in agricultural sector and wage rate relativelystagnant. This paper obyective to study : (1) labor dinamic in the macro and micro level; (2)variety kind of labor activity and labor supply in wet land rural area; (3) structure of timelabor allocation in household level; (4) trend of wage rate in wet land rural area. Both inmacro and micro level labor absorbtion in agricultural sector each achieved 68 % and 66 %.Total labor absortion by members household about 75 – 127 days (21-35 %) from timeavaibility. Trend of riel wage rate in two provincial (East Java and Central Java) relativelystagnant (1.03 – 2.03 % per years), so in West Java Provincial to decleaning (0.09 %/years).This fact to indicate shown sign labor over supplay in the rural area. Several recomendationto solve this problem are land use optimalization by higher plant intencity; to developefarming diversification, especially high value commodity; land and farming consolidation;and to develope agroindustry based on local raw material

Gagasan Dan Implementasi System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Dalam Kegiatan Budidaya Padi Ekologis (BPE)

System of rice intensification (SRI) merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam praktek budidaya padi yang menekankan pada manajemen pengelolaan tanah, tanaman dan air melalui pemberdayaan kelompok dan kearifan lokal yang berbasis pada kegiatan ramah lingkungan. Gagasan SRI pada mulanya dikembangkan di Madagaskar awal tahun 1980. Pengembangan SRI juga dilakukan melalui uji coba di berbagai negaraAsia, termasuk Asia Selatan maupun Asia Tenggara. Di Indonesia gagasan SRI juga telah diuji coba dan diterapkan di beberapa Kabupaten di Jawa, Sumatera, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Kalimantan, Sulawesi serta Papua. Penerapan gagasan SRI berdasarkan pada enam komponen penting : (1) Transplantasi bibit muda, (2) Bibit ditanam satu batang, (3) Jarak tanam lebar, (4) Kondisi tanah lembab (irigasi berselang), (5) Melakukan pendangiran (penyiangan), (6) Hanya menggunakan bahan organik (kompos). Hasil penerapan gagasan SRI di lokasi penelitian (Kabupaten Garut dan Ciamis), menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Budidaya padi model SRI telah mampu meningkatkan hasil dibanding budidaya padi model konvensional, (2) Meningkatkan pendapatan, (3) Terjadi efisiensi produksi dan efisiensi USAhatani secara finansial, (4) Pangsa harga pasar produk lebih tinggi sebagai beras organik. Sekalipun demikian, konsep SRI masih belum dapat diterima serta masih menimbulkan polemik dan kontroversial dalam penerapannya hampir di semua tempat maupun di lembaga terkait, termasuk IRRI sebagai Lembaga Penelitian Padi Internasional. Namun dengan meningkatnya harga pupuk dan pestisida kimia serta semakin rusaknya lingkungan sumberdaya telah mendorong petani di beberapa tempat mempraktekan sistem pendekatan SRI. Peluang pengembangan SRI ke depan juga didukung oleh tuntutan globalisasi dan konsumen Internasional terhadap budidaya padi ekologis ramah lingkungan, kemudian dengan sistem penyuluhan yang mudah dimengerti, juga terkait dengan kondisi peningkatan semua input produksi serta kebutuhan produk organik. Kendala pengembangan dalam skala luas, terkait dengan ketersediaan bahan-bahan organik, tenaga kerja tanam model SRI, serta kemauan dari petani sendiri. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian penerapan SRI di dua lokasi kajian, sebagai bahan informasi tambahan terhadap hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya pada konteks SRI. Dengan informasi ini dapat mendorong ide dan pemikiran baru berkaitan dengan masih adanya pendapat yang mempersoalkan pendekatan SRI ini

Asupan Zat Besi, Vitamin a Dan Zink Anak Indonesia Umur 6-23 Bulan

Anak di bawah dua tahun paling rentan terhadap kekurangan gizi. Oleh karena itu, seribu hari kehidupan pertama merupakan periode kritis anak untuk mendapatkan kesehatan dan status gizi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur asupan zat besi, vitamin A dan zink dari makanan anak yang berkontribusi terhadap masalah kurang gizi mikro. Desain penelitian ini potong-lintang dengan sampel 1,177 anak umur 6-23 bulan di 48 kabupaten di Indonesia. Asupan makanan diukur menggunakan metoda recall 24 jam asupan makan, oleh enumerator terlatih. Asupan zat gizi dihitung berdasarkan Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan Indonesia. Variabel lainnya seperti karakteristik rumah tangga, ASI dan praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI, pelayanan kesehatan, angka kesakitan, antropometri dan hemoglobin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata asupan vitamin A, zat besi dan zink adalah 298+9 µg, 4,6+0,2 mg, and 3,3+0,1 mg. Bila dibandingkan dengan Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan (AKG) vitamin A, zat besi, dan zink adalah 74,6+1,8%, 60,3+2,7%, dan 41,0+1,1%. Prevalensi anemia sebesar 56,4 persen. Analisis ANCOVA menggambarkan bahwa asupan berhubungan secara nyata dengan tempat tinggal (desa/kota), status sosial ekonomi, umur, morbiditas (kesakitan), nafsu makan, pemberian ASI dan konsumsi susu dan hasil olahnya. Walaupun demikian, analisis dengan regresi logistik ganda menggambarkan bahwa asupan rendah vitamin A dibawah AKG berhubungan dengan umur anak yang lebih muda, status sosial ekonomi rendah, penyapihan dan nafsu makan yang rendah. Asupan zat besi rendah berhubungan dengan umur, tempat tinggal, status sosiaI ekonomi rendah, sedangkan asupan zink berhubungan dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah dan penyapihan. Anak dengan konsumsi zat besi kurang dari AKG berhubungan dengan prevalensi anemia

Hubungan Antara Adversity Quotient Dan Work-Study Conflict Pada Mahasiswa Yang Bekerja

The purpose of this study was to investigate to relationship between adversity quotient and work-study conflict at 97 working college students in Yogyakarta. Data was collected using Adversity Quotient Scale and Work-study Conflict Scale. Analysis data using Pearson product moment showed that adversity quotient correlates negatively with work-study conflict (r=-0,639,

Response of Superovulation by Using FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and Sex Determination of Embryos Using PCR in Pesisir Cows of West Sumatra

This study was conducted to determine the response of superovulation by giving 16 ml dosage of FSH hormone to female Pesisir cattle. The estrus schedule of 15 Pesisir cows was set by inserting CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release) into the vagina for 12 days. At day 10, all cattles were injected with FSH for three consequent days but with decreasing dosage. On the 3rd day, FSH injection was accompanied by PGF2α injection and CIDR was removed. The detection of estrus was performed at day 13. Natural mating was proceeded after the estrus signs visible. Collection of donor embryos was done on the 6th and 8th day after mating. The variables measured were the response of superovulation, total number of corpus luteum, number of embryos and sex ratio. The results obtained were all Pesisir cows responded to superovulation. The average number of of corpus luteum and embryoes per cow were 5.93±3.17 and -----, respectively, while the total of transferable embryoes were 90, with an average of 6.00 or 61.64%. The sexing of embryoes obtained in this study from 146 embryoes awere 76.03% males (111 embryoes) and 23.97% females (35 embryoes). Based on total of transferable embryoes, there were 51.37% male embryos and 11.28% of females embryos. The result of this study showed that the sex ratio of male embryos was higher than female embryos

Tropical and subtropical Asia's valued tree species under threat

Tree diversity in Asia's tropical and subtropical forests is central to nature-based solutions. Species vulnerability to multiple threats, which affects the provision of ecosystem services, is poorly understood. We conducted a region-wide, spatially explicit vulnerability assessment (including overexploitation, fire, overgrazing, habitat conversion, and climate change) of 63 socio-economically important tree species selected from national priority lists and validated by an expert network representing 20 countries. Overall, 74% of the most important areas for conservation of these trees fall outside of protected areas, with species severely threatened across 47% of their native ranges. The most imminent threats are overexploitation and habitat conversion, with populations being severely threatened in an average of 24% and 16% of their distribution areas. Optimistically, our results predict relatively limited overall climate change impacts, however, some of the study species are likely to lose more than 15% of their habitat by 2050 because of climate change. We pinpoint specific natural forest areas in Malaysia and Indonesia (Borneo) as hotspots for on-site conservation of forest genetic resources, more than 82% of which do not currently fall within designated protected areas. We also identify degraded lands in Indonesia (Sumatra) as priorities for restoration where planting or assisted natural regeneration will help maintain these species into the future, while croplands in Southern India are highlighted as potentially important agroforestry options. Our study highlights the need for regionally coordinated action for effective conservation and restoration

Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa pada Materi Perkembangbiakan pada Tumbuhan melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif dan Media Gambar pada Peserta Didik Kelas IX B SMP Negeri 2 Kumai Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020

In semester 1, class IX students learn about plant reproduction. One of the characteristics of life is to reproduce as a goal to produce offspring. This is also done by plants. In general, there are two types of plant reproduction, namely generative and vegetative reproduction. The learning carried out in class IX of SMP Negeri 2 Kumai is not very conducive, it causes students' low understanding of reproduction in plants. Many students cannot understand the material. Based on the description in the previous chapter, the researcher concludes from the results of research conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Kumai that there is an increase in understanding of plant reproduction in Class IX of SMP Negeri 2 Kumai in students' understanding of plant reproduction. In the pre-cycle 8 students who finished learning, then increased in cycle 1 there were 22 students who finished learning and in cycle 2 it reached 27 students. The average value showed in the pre-cycle was 68.23, then increased to 78.92 in cycle 1 and became 81.92 in cycle 2. So the research with the problem "Improving Student Understanding About Reproduction in Plants Through Cooperative Learning and Picture Media in Classroom IX SMP Negeri 2 Kumai for the academic year 2019/2020" in the process and a period of time that is not short, cooperative learning and image media have a positive impact on students, namely class IX students can increase students' understanding of reproduction in plants

Ibn Taymiyyah: His philoshophical Thought on Causality.

Ibn Taymiyyah, menurut penulis artikel ini, banyak disalahpahami. Ia lebih dikenal sebagai seorang tokoh yang anti-rasionalis, pemikir literal dan teolog revivalis, ketimbang seorang filosof. Berangkat dari sini lah artikel ini ingin melacak pemikiran filosofis Ibn Taymiyyah dengan merekonstruksi pemikirannya tentang kausalitas. Sebuah upaya yang tidak mudah memang, karena Ibn Taymiyyah tidak menulis satu buku tersendiri tentang hal ini. Upaya rekonstruksi dilakukan dengan melacak konsep itu yang masih terserak di berbagai karyanya. Maka dipilihkan pengkajian atas beberapa kata kunci yang mengekspresikan kausalitas itu. Dalam kata benda: sabab, al-‘illah, al-muatstsir, al-sababa, al-mūjid and al-ḥadats dalam kata kerja: sabbaba, 'allala, awjada, aḥdatsa, dan atstsara. Sementara kata yang mengekspresikan prosest ransformasi dari sebab keakibat (causationa) dalah al-ta'lil, al-ta'tsir, dan al-iḥdāth, sedangkan efek yang diproduksi oleh sebab diekspresikan dalam kata-kata: al-musabbab, al-ma’lūl, al-muḥdats dan al-muatstsar. Setelah membahas selintas tentang sejarah hidup Ibn Taymiyyah, penulis kemudian membahas sub-sub tema berikul kausalitas dan kausasi, elemen-elemen kausasi, macam-macam sebab, persepsi-rasa dan kemampuan akal, statemen-stetemen empirik, dan kausasi dan kemungkinan peristiwa melingkar tanpa batas (daur atau tasalsul)