Measurement of Dust Optical Properties in Coalsack

We have used FUSE and Voyager observations of dust scattered starlight in the neighborhood of the Coalsack Nebula to derive the optical constants of the dust grains. The albedo is consistent with a value of $0.28 \pm 0.04$ and the phase function asymmetry factor with a value of $0.61 \pm 0.07$ throughout the spectral range from 900 -- 1200 \AA, in agreement with previous determinations as well as theoretical predictions. We have now observed two regions (Ophiuchus and Coalsack) with intense diffuse background radiation and in both cases have found that the emission is due to light from nearby hot stars scattered by a relatively thin foreground cloud, with negligible contribution from the background molecular cloud.Comment: Total 19 pages, Figures 9, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

Ecological Changes to the Novel 'Sool' (Ovule)

The impact of 'Ecology' is so great that all scientific fields in the world cannot go beyond the single word 'ecology'. Various writers in the field of literature are also trying to take forward ecological ideas. Cho. Dharman, is also one of them. The purpose of this article is to review the ecological ideas and ecological changes presented in his novel "Sool." Even though this novel has presented various social changes such as changes in agriculture over a century, the change from the barter system to money exchange, the change of the regime of Palayakkarar (the holder of a territory), land tenure systems during the British rule, panchayat organisation systems, and village life dissolving in the city, it can be felt that the record of ecological changes during this period is predominant in this novel. In this way, the ecological changes recorded in 'Sool' and the impact these changes have had on people's lives are the main subjects of this article. The novel highlights the dangers of depleting not only land and water resources but also human resources due to anti-nature activities. In this way, this article reviews this novel with an "ecological" approach, which highlights the awareness of tillage, hydrological management, and biological pluralism possessed by the village people with traditional experience and knowledge

A comparative study of maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with and without HELLP syndrome

Background: A prospective study of feto maternal outcome in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia with and without HELLP syndrome. The aim of the study was to compare the feto maternal outcome in pregnant woman with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia with HELLP syndrome and without HELLP syndrome.Methods: 100 cases of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia with and without HELLP syndrome were analyzed in Government Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital. Maternal morbidity and mortality were compared between the two groups.Results: 83.7% of cases among HELLP group had normal maternal outcome. 11.6% maternal mortality among the HELLP syndrome group. 54.5% babies among HELLP group had abnormal perinatal outcome and 24.6% among non HELLP group.Conclusions: HELLP syndrome has a significant influence on maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity

Comparison of incidences and indications of multi primary caesarean with primi caesarean mothers in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: The incidences and indications of caesarean sections between the primary caesarean multies and caesarean primies were comparable in respect of their demographical and clinical variables of mothers and their foetal outcomes. Aim and objective of the study was to analyze the incidences and indications of primary caesarean multies and caesarean primies. To compare the incidences and indications of mothers between the primary caesarean multies and caesarean primies. To compare the demographic and clinical profiles of the mothers and babies.Methods: During January to June 2016 total of 3583 deliveries were conducted in Tiruneleli Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. Among them 89 and 1168 were primary caesarean multies and caesarean primies respectively. They had been compared according to the objectives.Results: The caesarean incidences were 62.5% among the primies and 4.8% among the multies as Primary. The primary caesarean incidences among the multies were statistically significantly lesser in the 15-24 ages than the primi (P0.05). After 30 years of age, the incidences were statistically significantly increased among the multies (P0.05). The indications of Foetal distress, Severe Oligo hydration and others did not show any statistically significantly difference between the groups (P>0.05). Mal presentation and Ante Partum hemorrhage were significantly more among the multies than primies (p<0.05) and Failed indication and CPD were the significantly lesser indication than the primies (P<0.05).Conclusions: Without reducing the caesarean section rate in primi we cannot bring down the overall caesarean rate of delivery

Marriage Migration and Labour Market in Bangalore Slums: Scope of Social Work Intervention

Marriage related migration is a crucial factor affecting mobility. It is interesting to note that a large number of poor women enter labour markets in urban centre at the place of destination through marriage. However, existing circumstances of the labour market in urban canters are uncongenial, unpardonable with long hours of work, low wages, and absence of job security etc. It is vital to study the existing situation of female migrants to put in place policies to improve their living and working environment. Thousands of  women and girls migrate from their hinterlands in this present contest marriage migration happen usually from rural to urban city centres mainly in search of employment. They are new to the city life style and environment and find it difficult to make alteration with the changed situation and atmosphere. They have to face a number of problems in the cities they get migrated. Moreover, they are exploited both financially and sexually in the cities above all there is a need to identify means and ways to empower these women in the slum areas. At the national level, the Tenth plan suggests a sector specific three-fold strategy for empowering all women through Social empowerment. But today in India the problems are wide and psychological by nature. In the past two decades, there has been growing recognition of the prevalence of problem, in that migration is affecting young population much in our society. Moreover, it has become apparent that some individuals (Young)   are at greater risk. Social workers are in a unique position to work on the issue of migration, marriage and labour market because of the diversity of practice settings and expertise in clinical practice, group work, policy development and analysis, and community organizing. The profession’s commitment to social change calls on the social work profession to take a leadership role in addressing all public problems. Keywords: Marriage, Migration, Labour Market and Social Work Intervention

Improvement in seed germination by priming treatments in Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.)

The seeds must be viable and non-dormant for the efficient cultivation of the species of medicinal plants. The seeds of Solanum nigrum possess primary dormancy, which restricts germination. Hence, a laboratory experiment was conducted during 2019 in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The S. nigrum seeds were primed by soaking in different chemicals viz.,GA3 100ppm, Thiourea1%, KNO3 0.5%, Succinic acid 100 ppm, Ascorbic acid 100 ppm, hydro and dry control with soaking durations of 12h and seeds were dried under shade to bring back to their original moisture content and used for assessing the seed quality studies. The results revealed that among the different priming treatments Thiourea 1% recorded higher seed quality parameters viz, speed of germination (5.6), germination (88 %), seedling length (5.92 cm) and vigour index (520) and the enzyme activity of dehydrogenase (0.072 OD value) and lower values of electrical conductivity( 0.027 dsm-1),&nbsp; amino acids (0.119 ?gg-1 ) and sugars ( 0.175 ?gg-1 ). Hence it could be recommended as pre-sowingg seed priming treatment in S. nigrum

Ferromagnetism in nanoscale BiFeO3

A remarkably high saturation magnetization of ~0.4mu_B/Fe along with room temperature ferromagnetic hysteresis loop has been observed in nanoscale (4-40 nm) multiferroic BiFeO_3 which in bulk form exhibits weak magnetization (~0.02mu_B/Fe) and an antiferromagnetic order. The magnetic hysteresis loops, however, exhibit exchange bias as well as vertical asymmetry which could be because of spin pinning at the boundaries between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains. Interestingly, like in bulk BiFeO_3, both the calorimetric and dielectric permittivity data in nanoscale BiFeO_3 exhibit characteristic features at the magnetic transition point. These features establish formation of a true ferromagnetic-ferroelectric system with a coupling between the respective order parameters in nanoscale BiFeO_3.Comment: 13 pages including 4 figures; pdf only; submitted to Appl. Phys. Let

Fetomaternal outcome among elderly gravida and normal age group mothers

Background: Advanced maternal age is defined as 35 years or more at estimated date of delivery is considered to have higher incidence of obstetric complications and adverse pregnancy outcome than younger women. Maternal age plays a vital role in pregnancy outcome. This study is instituted with the idea of identifying the association of advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome. Objective was to compare demographic characteristics and maternal outcome in elderly pregnancy in comparison with normal age group pregnancy. To compare perinatal outcome of elderly pregnancy with normal age group pregnancy. Methods: This was comparative case control study conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Tirunelveli medical college hospital in 100 patients, about 50 in each of the 2 groups with maternal age &gt; 35years and &lt; 35 years. A group 1 (study group) was pregnant women of age &gt;35 years and group 2 was pregnant women of age &gt;18 years and&lt;35 years. Pregnant women of age&lt; 18 years and pregnant women having major medical disorders before pregnancy were excluded from study. Results: Among the study group incidence of artificial conception; spontaneous abortion; overt diabetes; chronic hypertension; preeclampsia; gestational hypertension ; fetal complications like FGR; shoulder dystocia were statistically significant. Conclusions: This study concludes that there is raised maternal morbidity and operative interventions needed with increasing age. Close monitoring for any complications is vital as early diagnosis and intervention will bring an excellent maternal and fetal outcome

Analysis of caesarean section rates using Robsons ten group classification: the first step

Background: The Caesarean section (CS) rate is steadily increasing worldwide including India. The overall CS rates are reported but rarely the women are classified. According to WHO Robson ten –group classification is useful as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing cesarean section rates. Our objective was to classify women delivering in our hospital according to various categories as per the 10-group classification (Robsons classification) and analyzing the CS rate in each group.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at JSS Medical College, Mysore. The data was collected for all women delivering in hospital from January 2016-December 2016 and the women were classified according to Robsons 10 group classification. The proportion of women delivering in each group, the CS rate of each group, and the relative contribution to CS rate from each group was calculated.Results: Among a total of 5016 women delivering during the study period 37.65% of women were delivered by CS. Maximum no of pregnant women belonged to primigravida group (group 1 and 2). Major contributor to CS rate were primigravida (group 2) at 32.2%. Next contributors were group 5 and group 1 at 28.9 % and 18.6% respectively. Overall the three groups 1, 2 and group 5 contributed to 79.7% of the CS rate while the other group contributed to only 21.3% of CS rate.Conclusions: Applying Robsons criteria to classify pregnant women allowed for easy classification to identify the category of women most likely to have CS. Reducing primary CS rate and increasing VBAC rates will help to reduce CS rate.