Growth Prediction in Natural Forest Stands in Sub-alpine Regions

1. A method is presented for determining distribution of diameters breast high and predicting growth in natural uneven-aged timber stands, which have not been reached mature forest after cutting or disturbing by natural agencies. 2. The basic data of this treatise have been gathered at a part of the state forest of Kurumijima, Gifu Pref., in summer 1964. 3. The hypotheses, that diameters breast high of stems in natural fir stands distribute in compliance with H. A. MEYER's curve, were accepted in almost sample plots. The formula proposed by H. A. MEYER is represented as follows: y=k・ℯ⁻αx where y is number of stems per hectare in x-th diameter class, x is diameter breast high of stems in cm, k and α are constants. 4. By using H. A. MEYER'S formula, the distribution of diameters breast high in natural fir stands, which have not been reached mature forest after cutting or disturbing by natural agencies, was easily represented. 5. The constants k and a are estimated from average stand diameter breast high or number of stems per hectare. 6. By using distribution table, the growth table was prepared in a form such as yield table. Then site was induced as a function of average stand age and average stand diameter. 7. This growth table can be applied for the prediction of growth to any natural fir stand, which has been reached mature forest after cutting or disturbing by natural agencies, in Kurumijima state forest, Gifu Pref.Article信州大学農学部紀要 4(3): 297-314(1967)departmental bulletin pape

Characterization of half-metallic L2_1-phase Co_2FeSi full-Heusler alloy films formed by rapid thermal annealing

The authors developed a preparation technique of Co_2FeSi full-Heusler alloy films with the L2_1-ordered structure on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, employing rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The Co_2FeSi full-Heusler alloy films were successfully formed by RTA-induced silicidation reaction between an ultrathin SOI (001) layer and Fe/Co layers deposited on it. The highly (110)-oriented L2_1-phase polycrystalline full-Heusler alloy films were obtained at the RTA temperature of 700 C. Crystallographic and magnetic properties of the RTA-formed full-Heusler alloy films were qualitatively the same as those of bulk full-Heusler alloy. This technique is compatible with metal source/drain formation process in advanced CMOS technology and would be applicable to the fabrication of the half-metallic source/drain of MOSFET type of spin transistors.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Preparation of Standing Tree Volume Tables for Japanese Cypress in Shinshu University Forest in Tera

手良演習林のヒノキ立木材積表として現在使用されている林野庁計画課編の「長野地方ヒノキ・サワラ・ヒバ・コウヤマキ立木材積表」は,その適合度がかならずしも高くないので,手良演習林のヒノキに対する立木材積表の調製を試みた。本報告では一変数材積表と二変数材積表とを調製したが,その材積式は次のようである。log v=-3.487727+2.213185 log d (16) log v=-4.368886+1.676339 log d+1.303679 log h (23) v:材積(m3), d:胸高直径(cm), h:積高(m) 材積表は表3ならびに表4に示してある。これら両表の推計学的検討の結果は,次のように要約できる。1 両表とも手良演習林のヒノキに対しては適合度が高い 2 推定値の持つ誤差は,一変数材積表の方が二変数材積表よりも大きいから,単木材積の推定に際しては,二変数材積表の方が好ましい 3 しかし林分材積の場合のように,多数の林木材積の和を求めるような時には,外業上の有利さから,むしろ一変数材積表がすすめられるなお本報告での立木材積表は,142本の胸高直径10cm～30cm,樹高7m～21mという割合狭い範囲の資料を用いて調製されたものであるから,なお今後に修正することが必要であろう。Article信州大学農学部演習林報告 6: 29-43(1969)departmental bulletin pape

THE ATTITUDE TOWARD NATURE IN CANADA

カナダは自然環境に恵まれており,経済の面でも自然に依存するところが大きい国である。そのようなカナダの人の森林意識を調査し,国際比較することを本研究の目的とした。カナダにおいての調査地はヴァンクーバーとロッキー山中のネルソンとであった。カナダでの調査結果をドイツ(フライブルク)・フィンランド(ヘルシンキ)・日本(旭川)での結果と比較して,次のようなことが言えた。・カナダでもハイキソグが好ましいスポーツとして選ばれたが,スキーやキャンプといった間接的に森林と関わるスポーツがカナダでは多く選ばれた。・森林内の散策を好む人は,ヨーロッパと同じように,カナダでも高かった。・ドイツでは林業の歴史を反映して「人手の加わった自然」が好まれたのに対して,カナダではフィンランドと同じように,「人手の加わらない自然」を好む人が多かった。なお,本研究によって,カナダではほとんどの人が何らかの形で森林環境と深く関わっており,それも日常的に関わっていること,そして,その関わり方はそれぞれに異なっており,一様的な関わり方でないことが明らかになった。そして,自分たちの森林環境をうまく生活の一部に取り入れながら,生活を豊かにし,楽しもうという,いわゆる「自然との共存」の思想が,各人の森林意識の根底に流れていることを知ることができた。森林環境と深い関わりをもっているカナダの人たちの森林意識は,世界的な森林環境問題を解決していくにあたって,大きな力になり得るものと思われた。Article信州大学農学部演習林報告 29: 1-11(1992)departmental bulletin pape

Precipitation of amorphous ferromagnetic semiconductor phase in epitaxially grown Mn-doped Ge thin films

We investigated the origin of ferromagnetism in epitaxially grown Mn-doped Ge thin films. Using low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy, Mn-doped Ge films were successfully grown without precipitation of ferromagnetic Ge-Mn intermetallic compounds, such as Mn5Ge3. Magnetic circular dichroism measurements revealed that the epitaxially grown Mn-doped Ge films exhibited clear ferromagnetic behavior, but the Zeeman splitting observed at the critical points was not induced by the s,p-d exchange interactions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses show phase separation of amorphous Ge1-xMnx clusters with high Mn content from a Mn-free monocrystalline Ge matrix. Since amorphous Ge1-xMnx was characterized as a homogeneous ferromagnetic semiconductor, the precipitation of the amorphous Ge1-xMnx clusters is the origin of the ferromagnetic semiconductor behavior of the epitaxially grown Mn-doped Ge films.Comment: 12pages, 4figure

How Accounting Students Define Success, and the Factors Affecting their Success and Failure, While Studying in the Accounting Schools of Japan

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the definition of success among students studying at the Accounting Schools (ASs) in Japan, and to investigate factors that students perceived to need for their learning success at ASs. This study also examined how students’ attendance to the Cram schools gave impact to change of their learning goals at ASs. Data for this research was collected via a questionnaire-based survey of students studying at the Accounting Schools (AS) in Japan. The AS is the postgraduate-level school that provides specific accounting education for students who aspire to become professional accountants. The questionnaire used in this study was designed for participants to write qualitative responses regarding the definition of success and the factors affecting their learning success and failure. The primary finding of this study was that the majority of students decided to attend the ASs for the sake of their intrinsic goals (e.g. personal growth and networking), rather than simply seeking for passing Certified Public Accountants (CPA)/Tax Accountants (TA) examination or material success after their graduation. The analysis of influential factors to students’ success and failure also supported this finding and interpretation. The research concluded with several recommendations for educators and administrators at ASs to improve quality of accounting education in relation to help achieve students’ success