Archaeometrical study of mortars from public Roman structures in Verona

openThe city of Verona, located in the region of Veneto, in the north of Italy, had an important urban development during the Roman age. Due to its strategical position within the territory, the city counted with a particular importance, being this one of the key locations present in the norther territory of the roman empire. It is because of this high status possessed by the city that it counted with several public structures of great significance. Some of these structures, such as the Arena and part of the theatre are still standing, showing the implementation of remarkable construction techniques. This work aims to produce an archaeometrical characterize the mortars used in some of the most relevant constructions. For this purpose, mortar samples were extracted from the capitolium, the roman theatre, the odeum, the curia, the arena and from the city walls surrounding roman Verona. The samples were then analyzed through means such as x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), colorimetry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The obtained results were then analyzed and treated in order to obtain a clear understanding of the mortars present in the aforementioned structures.The city of Verona, located in the region of Veneto, in the north of Italy, had an important urban development during the Roman age. Due to its strategical position within the territory, the city counted with a particular importance, being this one of the key locations present in the norther territory of the roman empire. It is because of this high status possessed by the city that it counted with several public structures of great significance. Some of these structures, such as the Arena and part of the theatre are still standing, showing the implementation of remarkable construction techniques. This work aims to produce an archaeometrical characterize the mortars used in some of the most relevant constructions. For this purpose, mortar samples were extracted from the capitolium, the roman theatre, the odeum, the curia, the arena and from the city walls surrounding roman Verona. The samples were then analyzed through means such as x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), colorimetry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The obtained results were then analyzed and treated in order to obtain a clear understanding of the mortars present in the aforementioned structures

Restoration of the Northern Railway; Section Suesca - Chiquinquirá

En el año 1871 Colombia inició un proceso para la apuesta hacia el crecimiento de un país al dar inicio al primer ferrocarril de la nación. Un Ferrocarril que conformara y unificara un territorio variado y diverso. Aunque esta meta no se cumplió es su totalidad si se llegó construir una parte significativa del trayecto. Dentro de este se encuentra el Tramo Suesca - Chiquinquirá, un tramo que hoy, debido al desuso, se ve deteriorado y menoscabado tanto física como simbólicamente. Es por esta razón que se propone una serie de acciones que revivan la memoria perdida del tren y que a su vez originen un sistema de apoyo para el fortalecimiento de las tradiciones, costumbres, economías y saberes locales de la ruralidad colombiana. Un sistema que utilice como base el trazado de la línea férrea, sus nodos (o estaciones) y sus diferentes conectividades con pequeños cascos urbanos e infraestructura vial para dar el apoyo necesario para volver a unificar y consolidar las economías locales.In 1871, Colombia began a process to bet on the growth of a country by starting the nation's first railway. A railway that will shape and unify a varied and diverse territory. Although this goal was not met, a significant part of the route was built. Within this is road is the section Suesca - Chiquinquirá, a section that today, due to disuse, is deteriorated and impaired both physically and symbolically. It is for this reason that a series of actions is proposed to revive the lost memory of the train and having as a purpose the reuse of the infrastructure to originate a support system for the strengthening of local traditions, customs, economies and knowledge of Colombian rurality. A system that uses as a base the layout of the railway, its nodes (or stations) and its different connectivities with small urban centers and road infrastructure to give the necessary support to re-unify and consolidate local economies.Arquitecto (a)Pregrad