1,713 research outputs found
A palaeolimnological evaluation of peatland erosion: peatland erosion project. Report to the NCC
Palaeoecological evaluation of the recent acidification of susceptible lakes. Methods utilised under DoE contract PECD 7/7/139 and the Royal Society SWAP Project
Media outlets and their moguls: why concentrated individual or family ownership is bad for editorial independence
This article investigates the levels of owner influence in 211 different print and broadcast outlets in 32 different European media markets. Drawing on the literature from industrial organisation, it sets out reasons why we should expect greater levels of influence where ownership of individual outlets is concentrated; where it is concentrated in the hands of individuals or families; and where ownership groups own multiple outlets in the same media market. Conversely, we should expect lower levels of influence where ownership is dispersed between transnational companies. The articles uses original data on the ownership structures of these outlets, and combines it with reliable expert judgments as to the level of owner influence in each of the outlets. These hypotheses are tested and confirmed in a multilevel regression model of owner influence. The findings are relevant for policy on ownership limits in the media, and for the debate over transnational versus local control of media
Acidification in the Cairngorms and Lochnagar: a palaeoecological assessment
Sensitive lakes in areas of the United Kingdom with moderate to high sulphur
deposition have been acidified since the middle of the nineteenth century- (Battarbee et al.
1988). Regions such as Galloway, south west Scotland (eg. Flower and Battarbee 1983,
Flower et al. 1987), Wales (eg. Battarbee et al. 1988, Fritz et aL 1990), Cumbria (eg.
Battarbee et al 1988, Atkinson and Haworth 1990), and Rannoch Moor in the central
Scottish Highlands (eg. Flower et al 1988) have been affected. This study extends the
geographical survey of lake acidification to the Caimgorm and Lochnagar regions of north
east Scotland (Figure 1). The Caimgorms and Lochnagar are areas of considerable
conservation value, forming the largest single area of land over 1000 m in the UK. The
Caimgorm mountain plateau is a National Nature Reserve, noted for its alpine flora and
fauna, whilst the Lochnagar range is a Scottish Wildlife Trust reserve.
A secondary- aim of the study was to evaluate the 11land-use 11 hypothesis (eg.
Rosenqvist 1977, 1978, 1981) as a mechanism for lake acidification by examining high
altitude sites with no active land-management. Sites selected are all remote, lie above the
tree line and have undisturbed catchments.
Lochnagar and the Caimgorms are situated on sensitive granite geology (Kinniburgh
and Edmunds 1986, Wells et al. 1986) in an area of moderate acid deposition (c. 0.95 g S
yr-1
). It can be predicted that sensitive lakes in this area (those having Ca2
+ values of <60
ÎĽeq i-1
) will have acidified (Battarbee 1989)
A palaeoecological assessment of the acidification status of lakes in the north-west and west of Ireland
Hospital-based preventative interventions for people experiencing homelessness in high-income countries: A systematic review
BACKGROUND:
People experiencing homelessness have significant unmet needs and high rates of unplanned care. We aimed to describe preventative interventions, defined in their broadest sense, for people experiencing homelessness in a hospital context. Secondary aims included mapping outcomes and assessing intervention effectiveness.
METHODS:
We searched online databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) from 1999–2019 and conducted backward and forward citation searches to 31 December 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42019154036). We included quantitative studies in emergency and inpatient settings measuring health or social outcomes for adults experiencing homelessness in high income countries. We assessed rigour using the “Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies” and summarised findings using descriptive quantitative methods, a binomial test, a Harvest Plot, and narrative synthesis. We used PRISMA and SWiM reporting guidelines.
FINDINGS:
Twenty-eight studies identified eight intervention types: care coordination (n=18); advocacy, support, and outreach (n=13); social welfare assistance (n=13); discharge planning (n=12); homelessness identification (n=6); psychological therapy and treatment (n=6); infectious disease prevention (n=5); and screening, treatment, and referrals (n=5). The evidence strength was weak (n=16) to moderate (n=10), with two high quality randomised controlled trials. We identified six outcome categories with potential benefits observed for psychosocial outcomes, including housing (11/13 studies, 95%CI=54.6–98.1%, p=0.023), healthcare use (14/17, 56.6–96.2%, p=0.013), and healthcare costs (8/8, 63.1–100%, p=0.008). Benefits were less likely for health outcomes (4/5, 28.3–99.5%, p=0.375), integration with onward care (2/4, 6.8–93.2%, p=1.000), and feasibility/acceptability (5/6, 35.9–99.6%, p=0.219), but confidence intervals were very wide. We observed no harms. Most studies showing potential benefits were multi-component interventions.
INTERPRETATION:
Hospital-based preventative interventions for people experiencing homelessness are potentially beneficial, but more rigorous research is needed. In the context of high needs and extreme inequities, policymakers and healthcare providers may consider implementing multi-component preventative interventions.
FUNDING:
SL is supported by an NIHR Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship (ICA-CDRF-2016-02-042). JD is supported by an NIHR School of Public Health Research Pre-doctoral Fellowship (NU-004252). RWA is supported by a Wellcome Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship (206602)
Palaeoecological evaluation of the recent acidification of Lochnagar, Scotland
Lochnagar, a high altitude, relatively deep, come lake, lies on the Royal Deeside ESUHC of
Balmoral, in an area which experiences moderate levels of acid deposition, The loch catchment
comprises granite bedrock and is dominated by bare rock but overlain in places with blanket peals,
Lochnagar may thus be considered potentially susceptible to acidification, The contemporary pH of
the loch water is c. 5,0
Palaeoecological evaluation of the recent acidification of Welsh lakes: 2. Llyn Berwyn, Dyfed
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