8,696 research outputs found
Recognition and Disrespect. Lordship and Bondage in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
With regard to the contemporary discussion of recognition and disrespect in social philosophy, this chapter argues that Hegel is not only a seminal 'theorist of recognition,' but also a sophisticated 'theorist of disrespect.' By means of the relationship of lord and bondsman as developed in the Phenomenology of Spirit it is shown that for Hegel the emergence of recognition not only involves freedom and autonomy but can also result in dependency and asymmetry. Building on this assumption, the paper pursues a threefold aim: first, to show, through a reconstruction of Hegel's thoughts on the development of self-consciousness, that a successful form of subjectivation is only possible when a subject can actualize itself in so called 'egalitarian' and 'differential' acts of recognition. The second part aims at a re-reading of Hegel's thinking of the lord/bondsman-relationship. In opposition to the classic 'heroic reading' of this relationship, I make the case for a 'subaltern reading,' arguing that Hegel presents in the figure of the bondsman a form of asymmetric recognition, in which the subject is bound to those conditions that hold it in disrespect. Finally, the third part aims at a reinterpretation of Hegel's thought from the perspective of disresprect in order to show that the other side of Hegel's theory of recognition forms a theory of symbolic vulnerability. Starting from this theory one can understand the paradoxical dynamic of disrespect that leads subjects to identify with the relations that subjugate them
Asymmetrical Reciprocity. From Recognition to Responsibility and Back
In this article, I argue that Hegel’s concept of recognition and
Levinas’ concept of responsibility complement each other and lead to the
idea of an asymmetrical reciprocity in which the origin of our social
relations is not mutual equality, but rather mutual inequality. I will unfold
this argument in three steps. I will first work out a fundamental
asymmetry of recognition in Hegel by means of the figure of the
bondsman before elucidating in a second step the asymmetry of
responsibility in Levinas by means of the figure of the hostage. In the last
and third step, I will correlate both asymmetries and show how far the
asymmetry of recognition and the asymmetry of responsibility constantly
develop from and transition into one another in our social relationships
Linking Covariant and Canonical General Relativity via Local Observers
Hamiltonian gravity, relying on arbitrary choices of "space," can obscure
spacetime symmetries. We present an alternative, manifestly spacetime covariant
formulation that nonetheless distinguishes between "spatial" and "temporal"
variables. The key is viewing dynamical fields from the perspective of a field
of observers -- a unit timelike vector field that also transforms under local
Lorentz transformations. On one hand, all fields are spacetime fields,
covariant under spacetime symmeties. On the other, when the observer field is
normal to a spatial foliation, the fields automatically fall into Hamiltonian
form, recovering the Ashtekar formulation. We argue this provides a bridge
between Ashtekar variables and covariant phase space methods. We also outline a
framework where the 'space of observers' is fundamental, and spacetime geometry
itself may be observer-dependent.Comment: 8 pages; Essay written for the 2012 Gravity Research Foundation
Awards for Essays on Gravitatio
PEPSI deep spectra. I. The Sun-as-a-star
As part of the first Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic
Instrument (PEPSI) key-science project, we aim to provide well-exposed (viz.
deep) high-resolution spectra of representative stellar targets. These spectra
will be made available in form of (electronic) atlases. The first star in this
series of papers is our Sun. It also acts as a system-performance cornerstone.
The deep spectra in this paper are the results of combining up to 100
consecutive exposures per wavelength setting and are compared with other solar
flux atlases. Our software for the optimal data extraction and reduction of
PEPSI spectra is described and verified with the solar data. Three deep solar
flux spectra with a spectral resolution of up to 270,000, a continuous
wavelength coverage from 383 nm to 914 nm, and a photon signal to noise ratio
(S/N) of between 2,000-8,000:1 depending on wavelength are presented.
Additionally, a time-series of 996 high-cadence spectra in one cross disperser
is used to search for intrinsic solar modulations. The wavelength calibration
based on Th-Ar exposures and simultaneous Fabry-Perot combs enables an absolute
wavelength solution within 10 m/s (rms) with respect to the HARPS laser-comb
solar atlas and a relative rms of 1.2 m/s for one day. For science
demonstration, we redetermined the disk-average solar Li abundance to
1.09+/-0.04 dex on the basis of 3D NLTE model atmospheres. We detected
disk-averaged p-mode RV oscillations with a full amplitude of 47 cm/s at 5.5
min. Comparisons with two solar FTS atlases, as well as with the HARPS solar
atlas, validate the PEPSI data product. Now, PEPSI/SDI solar-flux spectra are
being taken with a sampling of one deep spectrum per day, and are supposed to
continue a full magnetic cycle of the Sun.Comment: in press, 13 pages, 8 figures, data available from pepsi.aip.d
IGF-I receptor phosphorylation is impaired in cathepsin X-deficient prostate cancer cells
The cysteine-type peptidase cathepsin X is highly upregulated in several cancers and presumably promotes tumor invasion through bypassing cellular senescence. Here, we present first evidence that the underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, a well-known activator of proliferating tumor cells. Cathepsin X deficiency leads to a reduced phosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor in response to IGF-I stimulation. In addition, downstream signaling through focal adhesion kinase was also affected. Taken together, our results indicate that cathepsin X is able to assist in IGF signaling, which may be an important progress toward understanding cathepsin X-dependent tumorigenesis
Strong spin matching with and without snakes: a scheme for preserving polarization in large ring accelerators
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